Physico‐chemical characterization of humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes and their potential application to the manufacture of new types of phosphate‐based fertilizers          下载免费PDF全文

Oscar Urrutia  Javier Erro  Inaki Guardado  Sara San Francisco  Marcos Mandado  Roberto Baigorri  Jean Claude Yvin  José Ma Garcia‐Mina 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(2):128-136

The aim of this review is to describe the main physicochemical characteristics of diverse types of humic‐metal‐phosphate acid complexes. The effects of these complexes on phosphorus (P) fixation in soils with different pH values and physicochemical features and on plant phosphorus uptake are also discussed. Humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes have apparent stability constants in the same range as those of metal‐humic complexes, in solutions with diverse pH and ionic‐strength values. Likewise, the molecular‐size distribution of humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes as a function of pH is similar to that of potassium or sodium humates and metal‐humic complexes. Humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes are able to decrease phosphate fixation in soils and increase plant growth and phosphate uptake. Phosphorus fertilizers containing humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes proved to be efficient to improve plant growth and P uptake with respect to conventional fertilizers such as single superphosphate. The values of parameters related to plant phosphorus‐utilization efficiency (PUt E) suggest that the regulation of root acquisition of phosphate from these complexes could involve the interregulation of a system for the optimization of metabolic P utilization in the shoot and another system involving stress responses of roots under phosphorus deficiency.  相似文献   

Growth and development of pepper are affected by humic substances derived from composted sludge   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Iñaki Azcona  Inmaculada Pascual  Jone Aguirreolea  Marta Fuentes  José María García‐Mina  Manuel Sánchez‐Díaz 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(6):916-924

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of humic substances extracted from composted sewage sludge on growth, phenological development, and photosynthetic activity of pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Piquillo) plants. Humic substances derived from composted sludge (HSS) were compared with those derived from leonardite (HSL). Two doses of both humic substances were assayed (200 and 500 mg C [L substrate]^–1) and compared with a control (C). HSS showed higher nitrogen content and a higher percentage of aliphatic carbon, as well as a lower content of aromatic and phenolic carbon than HSL. HSS significantly increased plant dry‐matter production (up to 560%), plant height (86%–151%), and leaf area (436%–1397%) during the early stages of pepper development. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance increased in the treatments with HSS (up to 48% and 63%, respectively) at the vegetative stage. In addition, HSS accelerated the phenological development of pepper plants, reducing significantly the number of days to flowering and ripening, which occurred 12 and 14 d earlier than in control plants, respectively. In general, the treatments with HSS and HSL did not markedly affect chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations in the leaves. At maturity, only small differences in total fruit yield, number of fruits per plant, and fruit size were observed between amended and control plants. The results suggest that the mechanisms through which HSS affected plant growth and development were not associated with an improved nutrient uptake. Although the identity of the growth‐promoting factors remains to be found, the results suggest that they may be linked to the chemical structure of the humic substances.  相似文献   

Salt tolerance of grain crops in relation to ionic balance ability to absorb microelements     

Achmadi Jumberi  Mina Yamada  Satoshi Yamada  Hideyasu Fujiyama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):657-664

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of exchangeable Na on the growth and absorption of metal elements in barley, rye, and maize. The plants were cultivated in soils whose exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP) were 6.6 (saline soil: Saline), 17.4 (saline-sodic soil: Sodic 1), and 39.6 (sodic soil: Sodic 2), which were prepared from Tottori sand dune soil (Control). The dry weight (DW) and concentrations of metal elements Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu) in shoots were analyzed. The shoot DW was smaller with higher ESP, but in barley the difference between all the treatments was no longer observed with time. In Sodic soils, the growth of barley was vigorous, whereas rye growth was poor, and maize plants died by 5 weeks after planting. The Na concentration in shoots of all the species was higher with higher ESP. The K concentration in shoots was low at the early growth stage, but in barley it was higher in the Saline and both Sodic soils than in the Control at the subsequent stages. The concentrations of Ca and Mg in shoots of barley and maize in the Saline and both Sodic soils were higher than those in the Control, but in rye the concentrations were lowest in Sodic 2. The concentrations of Mn, Zn, and Cu in barley shoots in the Saline and bothSodic soils tended to be higher than those in the Control, whereas in rye they were lower than in the Control in both Sodic soils. Barley showed a higher ability to absorb low available microelements than rye and maize. These results indicate that barley is tolerant to sodicity as well as salinity, maize is tolerant to salinity, but is very sensitive to sodicity, and rye is moderately sensitive to both stresses. We suggest that the tolerance of grain crops to ESP involves a tolerance to a high Na concentration in shoots, the ability to keep suitable concentrations of essential cations in the presence of a high concentration of Na in shoots and the ability to absorb low available microelements.  相似文献   

Characterisation of a novel ilarvirus causing grapevine angular mosaic disease     

Sobhi M. Girgis  Frederic P. Bem  Chrysostomos I. Dovas  Athanassios Sclavounos  Apostolos D. Avgelis  Mina Tsagris  Nikos Katis  Panayota E. Kyriakopoulou 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,125(2):203-211

Unusual symptoms were observed on ‘Baresana’ x ‘Baresana’ Vitis vinifera hybrid vines in the Grapevine Variety Collection of the Grapevine Institute, Athens. The affected vines showed sharp angular mosaic on leaves, along the veins and in vein angles, malformations, abortive flowers or very few berries with smaller, wrinkled and non-germinating seeds, as well as gradual decline, severe stunting and death of the vine. Serological tests on diseased vines for the presence of 13 known grapevine viruses gave negative results. An infectious agent was transmitted mechanically to several herbaceous indicator plants. Koch’s Postulates were fulfilled, and the agent, proven to be a virus, was named Grapevine angular mosaic virus (GAMV). Serological tests have been developed for the virus. The most conserved polymerase region showed significant similarity of GAMV with members of subgroup 1 of the Ilarvirus genus; however ML phylogenetic analysis could not support its clustering within this subgroup. GAMV differs serologically and in particle morphology from Grapevine line pattern virus (GLPV) a putative member of the Ilarvirus genus that infects grapevine. It is proposed that GAMV is a novel member of the Ilarvirus genus.  相似文献   

Unusual levels of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide in plasma, red blood cell, and livers of aromatic fish   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Janthira Kaewsrithong  Di-Fei Qiau  Toshiaki Ohshima  Hideki Ushio  Hideaki Yamanaka and  Chiaki Koizumi 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(4):768-775

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Yakir Gutter     

Mina Schiffmann-Nadel 《Phytoparasitica》1984,12(3-4):221-222

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THE SCIENTIST AND AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE     

Ohshima H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1924,60(1552):293-294

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Brain lesions of lead poisoning in a calf.     

Y Seimiya  H Itoh  K Ohshima 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1991,53(1):117-119

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Epidemiological and pathological studies on congenital diffuse hyperplastic goiter in calves.     

Y Seimiya  K Ohshima  H Itoh  N Ogasawara  Y Matsukida  K Yuita 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1991,53(6):989-994

Perinatal diseases such as weak calf, stillbirth, or abortion were found in 86 calves from about 600 cows in a farm (A Farm) in 1987 and 1988. Such perinatal diseases were decreased to 36 calves in 1989 and 1990 after an additional supply of seaweed was made to the maternal feeds. From these cases, 23 stillborn and weak calves were pathologically examined. The mean weight with standard deviation of the 18 thyroid glands was 36.3 +/- 28.6 g before feeding of the seaweed supplement, and 12 (67%) of the glands showed moderate to marked degree of diffuse hyperplastic goiter in histological criteria. On the other hand, 5 glands weighed 12.0 +/- 3.4 g and revealed no such histological lesions after the additional supply. These results suggest that the goiter had been associated with birth of weak calves. Further study was performed on 37 newborn calves affected with Akabane disease in 1986 in A Farm and the neighbouring B Farm located. Seven (54%) of 13 thyroid glands from A Farm and 1 (4%) of 24 glands from B Farm showed histologically moderate to marked goitrous lesions. There were dotted "Inugarashi", Rorippa indica, family Cruciferae in both pastures. The mean iodine contents of the orchard grasses were 87 and 121 micrograms/kg on dry basis in A and B Farms. Marginal deficiency or lower limit of iodine and possible thiocyanate content of "Inugarashi" may have been responsible for the goiter in the farms.  相似文献   

Expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta in the uterus and vagina of immature rats treated with 17-ethinyl estradiol   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Kang JS  Lee BJ  Ahn B  Kim DJ  Nam SY  Yun YW  Nam KT  Choi M  Kim HS  Jang DD  Lee YS  Yang KH 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(12):1293-1297

The action of estrogen on target organs has been actively studied with the discovery of estrogen receptor (ER) beta. This study was carried out to examine the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the uterus and the vagina of immature Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 17-ethinyl estradiol (EE). Twenty days old rats were subcutaneously treated with EE at the doses of 0 (vehicle control), 0.03, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 microg/kg/day for three consecutive days. The treatment of EE at the doses of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 microg/kg/day significantly increased the weights of the uterus and vagina of rats (p<0.01) and retained fluid in the uterus of rats. At the high doses of 3.0 and 10.0 microg/kg/day, the treatment of EE caused an increase in the uterine height, hypertrophy, and a decrease in the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelium. The treatment of EE at the doses of 3.0 and 10.0 microg/kg/day also caused cornification and a decrease in the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the vaginal epithelium. These results suggest that the EE treatment decrease the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the uterus and vagina of immature rats and that may be associated with the morphological changes such as increase in the uterine height, hypertrophy of the uterine epithelium, and cornification of the vagina.  相似文献