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41.
Mostafa Khanzadeh Abolghasem Esmaeili Fereidouni Saleh Seifi Berenjestanaki 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(1):69-84
This study investigated the effects of fish meal replacement by Spirulina platensis meal on growth, survival, body biochemical composition, and reproductive performance of Trichopodus trichopterus until the first spawning for 16 weeks. The fish fed dietary algal meal at levels of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 % against those received fish meal only as control. The results showed that indicators such as belly diameter, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and viscerosomatic index were significantly different between treatments with 5 and 10 % algal replacements (P < 0.05). The growth factors including final weight, weight gain, total length, fork length, and body height of fish did not show significant differences (P > 0.05) between the treatments. Feed intake increased up to 10 % replacement level and then decreased, though the best FCR values (0.77–0.79) were obtained with 2.5 and 5 % substitutions. The body lipid content showed a statistically marked decrease (P < 0.05) as a result of the algal replacements, but the amounts of protein and moisture were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between treatments. All fish fed S. platensis meal had greater gonadosomatic indices (19.4–21.85 %) than that of the control in spite of insignificant differences (P > 0.05) in their ovary weights (2.07–2.21 g). Absolute fecundity ranged between 7300 and 12,700 eggs/female with the highest amount in fish fed with replaced S. platensis levels of 2.5–10 %. The second-order polynomial regression analysis between absolute fecundity and substitution levels of algal meal was y = ?0.5319x 2 + 106.87x + 7812.9 (R 2 = 0.9642), and the optimal substitution level was determined to be 8.13 % for maximum absolute fecundity. Hatching percentages in the control and 20 % replacement were much lower (P < 0.05) than those in the other treatments (78–86 %). Given the relative enhancement of growth parameters and significant improvement in reproductive performance of broodstock three-spot gourami, 8.1–9.6 % S. platensis meal instead of fish meal is recommended in the diets. 相似文献
42.
43.
Mona M Y Elghandour Abdelfattah Z M Salem Jose S Martínez Castaneda Luis M Camacho Ahmed E Kholif Juan C Vázquez Chagoyán 《农业科学学报》2015,14(3):526-533
For many years, ruminant nutritionists and microbiologists have been interested in manipulating the microbial ecosystem of the rumen to improve production efficiency of different ruminant species. Removal and restriction of antibiotics subtherapeutic uses from ruminant diets has amplified interest in improving nutrient utilization and animal performance and search for more safe alternatives. Some bacterial and fungal microorganisms as a direct-fed microbial(DFM) can be the most suitable solutions. Microorganisms that are commonly used in DFM for ruminants may be classified mainly as lactic acid producing bacteria(LAB), lactic acid utilizing bacteria(LUB), or other microorganism's species like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Propionibacterium, Megasphaera elsdenii and Prevotellabryantii, in addition to some fungal species of yeast such as Saccharomyces and Aspergillus. A definitive mode of action for bacterial or fungal DFM has not been established; although a variety of mechanisms have been suggested. Bacterial DFM potentially moderate rumen conditions, and improve weight gain and feed efficiency. Fungal DFM may reduce harmful oxygen from the rumen, prevent excess lactate production, increase feed digestibility, and alter rumen fermentation patterns. DFM may also compete with and inhibit the growth of pathogens, immune system modulation, and modulate microbial balance in the gastrointestinal tract. Improved dry matter intake, milk yield, fat corrected milk yield and milk fat content were obtained with DFM administration. However, the response to DFM is not constant; depending on dosages, feeding times and frequencies, and strains of DFM. Nonetheless, recent studies have supported the positive effects of DFM on ruminant performance. 相似文献
44.
Ledhyane Ika Harlyan Takashi Fritz Matsuishi Mohammad Faisal Md Saleh 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2021,28(2):126-137
Malaysian fisheries employ multiple measures to improve management; however, not all are well-suited to the multispecies fisheries. As part of a pilot project, an individual quota system was introduced for the purse-seine fishery off the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia (ECPM), but no assessment of this particular measure nor the feasibly of its implementation has been confirmed. Therefore, this study analysed spatial and temporal patterns of purse-seine fishing, by collecting catch composition data per landing and its fishing ground within three period fishery surveys between August 2017 and September 2018 at six different landing sites. Similarity and cluster analysis examined species composition and diversity to determine the feasibility of implementing a single-species quota system in this multispecies fishery. Some overlapped of indices results and minor difference in catch composition were found due to changes in spatial and temporal fishing activities. However, no specific spatial or temporal patterns were discernible as structuring the fishing grounds used by purse-seiners. The absence of patterns, using the available data, might be attributable to huge species aggregations and widely distributed and homogenously mixed fish stocks. Thus, it is likely impractical to manage species individually in such a multispecies fishery. 相似文献
45.
M B Betancor M J Caballero T Benítez‐Santana R Saleh J Roo E Atalah M Izquierdo 《Journal of fish diseases》2013,36(5):453-465
In previous studies, we observed dystrophic alterations in muscle of 48‐day‐old sea bass fed imbalanced docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and vitamin E diets. To understand the whole pathological process associated with oxidative stress, a histological study was performed by feeding 14‐day‐old sea bass larvae with microdiets containing different ratios of DHA/vitamin E (1/150, 5/150 and 5/300) for a period of 21 days. Larvae fed diet 1/150 showed no lesions in contrast to larvae fed diets 5/150 and 5/300 where the highest incidence of muscle lesions and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content was observed. Semithin sections revealed focal lesions consisting of degenerated fibres with hypercontracted myofilaments and extensive sarcoplasm vacuolization affecting both red and white muscle. Ultrathin sections of degenerating muscle fibres showed diffuse dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, disorganized myofilaments and autophagic vacuoles containing myelin figures and dense bodies. Additionally, some macrophages were observed among injured fibres as numerous satellite cells. Results from the study agree with those obtained from previous work, proving the pathological potential of free radicals in sea bass larvae musculature. Moreover, high vitamin E inclusion could not completely protect cell membranes from free radicals action. 相似文献
46.
Norhan E. Saleh Shymaa M. Shalaby Eman M. Sakr Asmaa I. Abd Elmonem Fady R. Michael 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3):197-207
Five different levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g kg?1) of algal (Ulva fasciata) meal were added to red tilapia feeds to examine its effect on growth and carcass biochemical content. Addition of ulva meal significantly improved growth performance, feed utilization, total crude protein content, and percentage of highly unsaturated fatty acids. Fish fed 75 g kg?1 or 100 g kg?1 of U. fasciata performed better than others. 相似文献
47.
R. Saleh M.B. Betancor J. Roo T. Benítez‐Santana C.M. Hernández‐Cruz F.‐J. Moyano M. Izquierdo 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2013,19(4):449-460
The aim of the present study was to determine the optimum dietary levels of krill phospholipids (KPL) for sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae, and its influence on larval development and digestive enzymes activity. Larvae were fed five formulated microdiets with five different levels of KPL. Complete replacement of live preys with the experimental microdiets for seabream larvae produced high survival and growth rates, particularly in fish fed the highest levels of KPL. In the present study, increase in dietary KPL up to 120 g kg?1 (100 g kg?1 total PL) significantly improved larval survival and growth, whereas further increase did not improve those parameters. An increase in alkaline phosphatase, trypsin and lipase activity with the elevation of KPL up to 120 g kg?1 was also found denoting a better functioning of digestive system. Besides, there was a linear substrate stimulatory effect of dietary KPL on phospholipase A2 activity. Finally, increasing dietary KPL lead to better assimilation of n‐3 HUFA especially eicosapentaenoic acid, reflected in the higher content of these fatty acids in both neutral and polar lipids of the larvae. In summary, KPL were found to be an excellent source of lipids for seabream larvae. Optimum inclusion levels of this ingredient in microdiets to completely substitute live preys at this larval age were found to be 120 g kg?1 KPL. 相似文献
48.
Effect of krill phospholipids versus soybean lecithin in microdiets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae on molecular markers of antioxidative metabolism and bone development
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R. Saleh M.B. Betancor J. Roo V. Benítez‐Dorta M.J. Zamorano J.G. Bell M. Izquierdo 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(4):474-488
The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of dietary marine phospholipids (MPL) obtained from krill and soybean lecithin (SBL) on the rearing performance and development of seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae. Larvae were fed from 16 to 44 day posthatching (dph) five formulated microdiets with three different levels (50, 70 and 90 g kg–1) of phospholipids (PL) obtained either from an MPL or from a SBL source. Larvae‐fed MPL show a higher survival, stress resistance and growth than those‐fed SBL, regardless the dietary PL level. Overall, the increase in MPL up to 70 g kg–1 total PL in diet was enough to improve larval gilthead seabream performance, whereas even the highest SBL inclusion level (90 g kg–1 PL) was not able to provide a similar success in larval growth or survival. Inclusion of SBL markedly increased the peroxidation risk as denoted by the higher TBARs in larvae, as well as a higher expression of CAT, GPX and SOD genes. Moreover, SBL tends to produce larvae with a lower number of mineralized vertebrae and a lower expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin and BMP4 genes. Finally, increasing dietary MPL or SBL lead to a better assimilation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the larvae, n‐3HUFA (especially 20:5n‐3) or n‐6 fatty acids (especially 18:2n‐6), respectively. In conclusion, MPL had a higher effectiveness in promoting survival, growth and skeletal mineralization of gilthead seabream larvae in comparison with SBL. 相似文献
49.
Jasim Mohammed Saleh Norsida Binti Man 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2017,18(2):110-122
This study is based on the opinions of selected Iraqi extension workers, regarding the type and amount of training they need, given their experience in the field. The Borich Needs Assessment Model was used for measuring training needs. The data were collected through questionnaires given to 300 respondents (agricultural workers) from January 15, 2016 to March 20, 2016. The results show that crop-planting courses have the greatest benefit. The greatest training need is skill and knowledge of teaching methods, while a moderately needed skill is the use of computer and information and communication technologies (ICT); management skills are the least needed training. 相似文献
50.
Erik G Granquist Mona Aleksandersen Karin Bergstr?m Stephen J Dumler Wenche O Torsteinb? Snorre Stuen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2010,52(1):43