An alternative eco-friendly approach for sustainable crop production with the use of indigenous inputs under old alluvial soil zone of Burdwan,West Bengal,India     

Tanushree Mondal  Jayanta Kumar Datta  Naba Kumar Mondal 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1):55-72

Experiments were conducted on mustard (Brassica campestris cv.B₉) in an old alluvial soil zone of Crop Research and Seed Multiplication Farm, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, India, during the winter seasons of 2011–2012 and 2012–2013. The aim was to evaluate the use of vermicompost prepared from municipality waste and Eichhornia mixture and its efficacy on crop growth and yield. Different combined doses of vermicompost, dried cow dung and chemical fertilizer along with Azotobacter and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria compared to full recommended dose of chemical NPK fertilizer (100:50:50) were used to develop an alternative farming technology for sustainable crop production and conservation of natural resources. The variety B₉ gave a significantly higher seed yield and oil content along with other growth and yield-contributing factors as well as being the most economically viable option against treatment T4 (i.e. 75% NPK + vermicompost at 2.5 tons per hectare) among all the treatments applied for the experiment and was found to be superior to other treatments in old alluvial soil of Burdwan, India. In both the experimental years, seed yield and oil content were found to be the best for the treatment T4 and was better than using chemical fertilizer.  相似文献   

Potassium fractions with other nutrients in crops: A review focusing on the tropics     

Jayaram Daliparthy  Allen V. Barker  Shyam S. Mondal 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1859-1886

Potassium (K), a plant nutrient with diverse roles to play in plant metabolism, is required in large amounts by most crops. It interacts with many other plant constituents to affect crop yield and quality. The magnitude of this interaction is high in areas of high cropping intensity, as in the tropics. The interaction of nutrients with K may be in the soil or in plant. Potassium modifies ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) ion fixation in soils to restrict nitrogen (N) availability. On the other hand, an antagonistic effect between K and NH₄ absorption has been suggested in which K absorption is restricted. Similarly, magnesium (Mg) or calcium (Ca) deficiency occurs from ion antagonism in acid soils following K fertilization and in soils with high exchangeable K. Sulfur (S) has been reported to increase K absorption and productivity of oilseed crops. With increasing levels of applied or soil K, the severity of phosphorus (P)‐induced zinc (Zn) deficiency in corn has been observed to decrease. Application of K decreases manganese (Mn) content and iron (Fe) toxicity in rice. Application of K has been reported to decrease B levels in plants and to increase incidence of boron (B) deficiency. Top‐dressing with K fertilizer was reported to lower the copper (Cu) content of alfalfa forage. In root, sugar‐producing, or fiber‐producing crops, the sodium (Na) and K relationship is important with the specific response to either element depending on which element is in low or high supply. Molybdenum (Mo) stimulated K uptake in alfalfa and com. In intensive agriculture with high‐yielding single crops or with multiple crops per year, farm management must include strategies to maintain substantial K reserves in the soil and to balance K nutrition with other fertilization practices.  相似文献   

QTL for yield, yield components and canopy temperature depression in wheat under late sown field conditions   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

R. Esten Mason  Dirk B. Hays  Suchismita Mondal  Amir M. H. Ibrahim  Bhoja R. Basnet 《Euphytica》2013,194(2):243-259

A wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with yield, yield components, and canopy temperature depression (CTD) under field conditions. The RIL population, consisting of 118 lines derived from a cross between the stress tolerant cultivar ‘Halberd’ and heat stress sensitive cultivar ‘Karl92’, was grown under optimal and late sown conditions to impose heat stress. Yield and yield components including biomass, spikes m^?2, thousand kernel weight, kernel weight and kernel number per spike, as well as single kernel characteristics were determined. In addition, CTD was measured during both moderate (32–33 °C) and extreme heat stress (36–37 °C) during grain-filling. Yield traits showed moderate to high heritability across environments with a large percentage of the variance explained by genetic effects. Composite interval mapping detected 25 stable QTL for the 15 traits measured, with the amount of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranging from 3.5 to 27.1 %. Two QTL for both yield and CTD were co-localized on chromosomes 3BL and 5DL and were independent of phenological QTL. At both loci, the allele from Halberd was associated with both higher yield and a cooler crop canopy. The QTL on 3BL was also pleiotropic for biomass, spikes m^?2, and heat susceptibility index. This region as well as other QTL identified in this study may serve as potential targets for fine mapping and marker assisted selection for improving yield potential and stress adaptation of wheat.  相似文献   

Rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae employs inducible hrp-dependent XopF type III effector protein for its growth,pathogenicity and for suppression of PTI response to induce blight disease     

Kalyan K. Mondal  Geeta Verma  Manju  Alim Junaid  Chandra Mani 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,144(2):311-323

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Genetic diversity in groundnut (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Arachis hypogaea</Emphasis> L.) genotypes and detection of marker trait associations for plant habit and seed size using genomic and genic SSRs     

Poonam G. Bhad  Suvendu Mondal  Anand M. Badigannavar 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2016,19(3):203-221

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) an important oilseed crop in India is known to have narrow genetic base. Therefore, the assessment of genetic diversity and detection of marker-trait association are important objectives for the genetic improvement of groundnut. The present study involved the development of 192 SSR markers from Arachis genomic survey sequences. From these, seven polymorphic SSRs along with 15 other genomic SSRs, 19 genic SSRs, and three STS markers were used to detect genetic diversity among 44 groundnut genotypes. These polymorphic SSR markers amplified 155 bands (76 genomic and 79 genic), of these 128 bands (67 genomic and 61 genic) were polymorphic. The genomic SSR exhibited 88.1% and genic SSRs displayed 77.2% allelic polymorphism. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of the markers ranged from 0.04 to 0.95. The pair-wise genetic similarity ranged from 24.2 to 90.7% for genomic SSR and 32.9 to 97.9% for genic SSR markers. Cluster analysis based on the pooled data from both genomic and genic SSRs revealed a dendrogram which could distinguish all the genotypes. Further, the AMOVA analysis detected 16.7% genetic variation due to differences in seed size and 13.0% due to plant habit. Based on locus-by-locus AMOVA and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and further confirmation by discriminant analysis and general linear model, six markers were found to be associated with plant habit and four markers with seed size.  相似文献   

Effect of sulphur on biochemical parameters of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) in grey terrace soil     

Ferdousi Begum  Feroza Hossain  Md. Rafiqul Islam Mondal 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(2):261-276

An experiment was conducted to study the biochemical response of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) to sulphur (S) fertilization at grey terrace soil. There were five treatments: S₀ (control), S₁ (20 kg S ha^?1), S₂ (40 kg S ha^?1), S₃ (60 kg S ha^?1) and S₄ (80 kg S ha^?1). Chlorophyll content in the leaf was determined at 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after emergence (DAE). The biochemical properties were found responsive to S. The highest chlorophyll content of mustard leaves was found in 60 kg S ha^?1 at 50 DAE. The same treatment also showed the maximum N content in the leaves at 45 DAE. The highest oil content was recorded in 60 kg S ha^?1. Other chemical characters such as acid value, peroxide and saponification values were lowest in 60 kg S ha^?1 while iodine value was found highest in the same S level. Non-essential fatty acids such as palmitic, stearic and erucic acid were increased in the rapeseed with decrease in S level, whereas essential fatty acids were maximum in 60 kg S ha^?1. Therefore, 60 kg S ha^?1 can be recommended to produce quality rapeseed in grey terrace soil of Bangladesh.  相似文献   

Effect of foliar application of urea on the growth and yield of tomato     

Asit Baran Mondal  Abdullah Al Mamun 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2011,5(3):372-374

To study the effect of foliar application of urea fertilizer on the growth and yield of tomato and to find out the optimum concentration of foliar application of urea for maximum growth and yield of tomato, an experiment was conducted with different concentrations of foliar application of urea fertilizer, namely, 2500, 5000, 7500, and 10000 ppm. The experiment was laid out by a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Results showed that different yield components and yield of tomato were influenced by the foliar application of different concentrations of urea. The maximum plant height (132.6 cm), number of leaves (30.73), number of green leaves per plant at harvest (21.08), days to first flowering (28.94), number of flower clusters (11.89), number of flowers (75.18), fruit clusters (5.81), fruits per cluster (4.14), and fruits per plant (21.49); length (4.72 cm), diameter (6.58 cm), and weight of individual fruit (151.0 g) were significantly influenced by the 10000 ppm concentration of foliar application of urea fertilizer. The 10000 ppm application gave the highest yield (63.69 t/hm²) with the lowest (28.48 t/hm²) in the control treatment. The yield per plant as well as per hectare increased with increasing concentrations of foliar application of urea fertilizer.  相似文献   

QTL associated with heat susceptibility index in wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.) under short-term reproductive stage heat stress     

R. Esten Mason  Suchismita Mondal  Francis W. Beecher  Arlene Pacheco  Babitha Jampala  Amir M. H. Ibrahim  Dirk B. Hays 《Euphytica》2010,174(3):423-436

Heat stress adversely affects wheat production in many regions of the world and is particularly detrimental during reproductive development and grain-filling. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with heat susceptibility index (HSI) of yield components in response to a short-term heat shock during early grain-filling in wheat. The HSI was used as an indicator of yield stability and a proxy for heat tolerance. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the heat tolerant cultivar ‘Halberd’ and heat sensitive cultivar ‘Cutter’ was evaluated for heat tolerance over 2 years in a controlled environment. The RILs and parental lines were grown in the greenhouse and at 10 days after pollination (DAP) half the plants for each RIL received a three-day heat stress treatment at 38°C/18°C day/night, while half were kept at control conditions of 20°C/18°C day/night. At maturity, the main spike was harvested and used to determine yield components. A significant treatment effect was observed for most yield components and a HSI was calculated for individual components and used for QTL mapping. QTL analysis identified 15 and 12 QTL associated with HSI in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Five QTL regions were detected in both years, including QTL on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, and 3B. These same regions were commonly associated with QTL for flag leaf length, width, and visual wax content, but not with days to flowering. Pleiotropic trade-offs between the maintenance of kernel number versus increasing single kernel weight under heat stress were present at some QTL regions. The results of this study validate the use of the main spike for detection of QTL for heat tolerance and identify genomic regions associated with improved heat tolerance that can be targeted for future studies.  相似文献   

Polyphasic phenotypic and genetic analysis reveals clonal nature of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae causing pomegranate bacterial blight     

A. Kumar  J. Sharma  V. Munjal  K. Sakthivel  S. K. Thalor  K. K. Mondal  S. Chinchure  R. Gharate 《Plant pathology》2020,69(2):347-359

Yellow-pigmented bacteria isolated from blight-affected pomegranate leaves and fruit across seven Indian states in epidemics during the years 2008–2016 were characterized and identified using phenotypic and genotypic tools. All bacterial isolates shared phenotypic traits such as colony morphology, NaCl and pH sensitivity and fuscan production, and caused typical lesions on pomegranate plants upon artificial inoculation. Analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA and 16S–23S rDNA intergenic spacer sequences confirmed their identity as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae. The new isolates collected after 2000 were compared with an old isolate from the 1950s using polyphasic taxonomic approaches including multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). Nucleotide polymorphism in 24 isolates for nine genomic loci (dnaK, fyuA, gyrB (Young), gyrB (Almeida), rpoD, fusA, gapA, gltA and lepA) showed minor variations in loci fyuA and gyrB. Isolates were grouped into four nearly identical sequence types, ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST4, based on their allelic profiles, ST3 being widespread in Indian states. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of concatenated 5690 bp with other Xanthomonas pathovars revealed its close genetic similarity with the X. citri group. The blight outbreak in diverse geographical locations is attributed to a re-emerged clonal population of X. axonopodis pv. punicae on a genetically homogenous pomegranate cultivar. The latently infected vegetative planting material of elite pomegranate cultivars contributed to the dissemination of the bacterial inoculum. This study highlights and forewarns of the role played by the clonally propagated elite pomegranate cultivars in disseminating and sustaining clonal populations of this bacterial plant pathogen in many Indian states.  相似文献   

Effects of stocking density of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and addition of different levels of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus on production in C/N controlled periphyton based system     

M. Asaduzzaman  M.A. Wahab  M.C.J. Verdegem  M.N. Mondal  M.E. Azim 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,286(1-2):72-79

An on-station trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of stocking density of freshwater prawn and addition of different levels of tilapia on production in carbon/nitrogen (C/N) controlled periphyton based system. The experiment had a 2 × 3 factorial design, in which two levels of prawn stocking density (2 and 3 juveniles m^? 2) were investigated in 40 m² earthen ponds with three levels of tilapia density (0, 0.5 and 1 juveniles m^? 2). A locally formulated and prepared feed containing 30% crude protein with C/N ratio close to 10 was applied considering the body weight of prawn only. Additionally, tapioca starch was applied to the water column in all ponds to increase C/N ratio from 10 (as in feed) to 20. Increasing stocking density of tilapia decreased the chlorophyll a concentration in water and total nitrogen in sediment, and increased the bottom dissolved oxygen. The concentrations of inorganic nitrogenous species (NH₃–N, NO₂–N and NO₃–N) were low due to maintaining a high C/N ratio (20) in all treatment ponds. Increasing prawn density decreased periphyton biomass (dry matter, ash free dry matter, chlorophyll a) by 3–6% whereas tilapia produced a much stronger effect. Increasing stocking density of freshwater prawn increased the total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) load of water and sediment whereas tilapia addition decreased the THB load of periphyton. Both increasing densities of prawn and tilapia increased the value of FCR. Increasing prawn density increased gross and net prawn production (independent of tilapia density). Adding 0.5 tilapia m^? 2 on average reduced prawn production by 12–13%, and tilapia addition at 1 individual m^? 2 produced a further 5% reduction (independent of prawn density). The net yield of tilapia was similar between 0.5 and 1 tilapia m^? 2 treatments and increased by 8.5% with increasing stocking density of prawn. The combined net yield increased significantly with increasing stocking density of prawn and tilapia addition. The significantly highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) was observed in 0.5 tilapia m^? 2 treatment but freshwater prawn density had no effect on it. Therefore, both stocking densities (2 and 3 juveniles m^? 2) of prawn with the addition of 0.5 tilapia m^? 2 resulted in higher fish production, good environmental condition and economic return and hence, polyculture of prawn and tilapia in C/N controlled periphyton based system is a promising options for ecological and sustainable aquaculture.  相似文献