Carbon Loss and Germinability, Viability, and Virulence of Chlamydospores of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli After Exposure to Soil at Different pH Levels, Temperatures, and Matric Potentials     

Mondal SN  Hyakumachi M 《Phytopathology》1998,88(2):148-155

ABSTRACT (14)C-labeled chlamydospores of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli were exposed to soil at 5, 15, 25, or 30 degrees C at pH 5 or 8 and water potential of -1 kPa or to soil at 0, -1, or -10 kPa at 25 degrees C at pH 6.9. Total carbon loss was greatest at 25 or 30 degrees C at pH 8 and -1 kPa. (14)CO(2) from respiration of chlamydospores and from soil microbes utilizing chlamydospore exudates accounted for the largest share of total carbon loss under all conditions. (14)(CO)(2) from soil microbial metabolism of (14)CO(2) exudates of chlamydospores was greatest in soil at 15, 25, and 30 degrees C, pH 8, and at either -1 or -10 kPa. Chlamydospore germinability in the absence of a C source (nutrient independence), viability in potato-dextrose broth, and virulence to kidney bean declined rapidly after exposure to soil at high temperatures (25 and 30 degrees C), pH 8, and the higher matric potentials (0 to-1 kPa). By contrast, germinability remained high (>50%), as did virulence, in soil at 5 degrees C and -10 kPa even after 70 days of incubation. Carbon loss was inversely correlated with germinability, viability, and virulence after exposure to soil at different pH levels, temperatures, and matric potentials.  相似文献   

Growth, haematology, blood constituents and immunological status of lambs fed graded levels of animal feed grade damaged wheat as substitute of maize     

Tripathi MK  Mondal D  Karim SA 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(1):75-85

The aim of this study was to explore possibilities of utilization of animal feed grade damaged wheat (ADW) in lamb feeding, and assess the effect of ADW and its aflatoxin on intake, growth, haematology, blood biochemical constituents and immunological status. The ADW is a slightly mouldy feed resource, which is not suitable for human consumption. The experimental ADW contained dry matter (DM) 964, organic matter 974, crude protein 153, cellulose 205 and lignin 24, and starch 732 g/kg DM. ADW also contained aflatoxin B1 50 microg/kg due to mould infestation. Thirty-five weaner lambs (90 +/- 15 days of age and 16.1 +/- 0.82 kg body weight) in a randomized design were fed for 91 days on one of four composite feed mixtures (roughage to concentrate ratio of 25:75) containing 0, 118, 235, 353 or 470 g/kg ADW, which replaced equal amounts of maize and at these inclusion levels ADW replaced 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% maize in lamb diets respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar in different level of ADW fed lambs but ADW inclusion linearly (p = 0.016) reduced DMI. Average daily gain (g/day) was higher (p = 0.038) in lambs fed 353 g ADW diet. Haematological attributes viz. WBC, haemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume did not affect by ADW feeding whereas it increased haematocrit, mean cell Hb and decreased neutrophil, RBC counts and mean cell Hb concentration. Blood glucose and urea-N increased whereas albumin and protein level reduced by ADW feeding. ADW feeding of lambs did not affect serum IgG level. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphates and acid phosphates were not affected, whereas alanine aminotransferase increased linearly (p = 0.001) with increasing levels of ADW. It is concluded that ADW containing aflatoxin B1 50 microg/kg DM can safely be incorporated in growing lamb feeding up to 353 g/kg diet without affecting growth and cellular immunity, however ADW may induce a transient alteration of hepatic enzymatic activities. Further aflatoxin content of the diet should be kept within permissible limits of respective country.  相似文献   

Effect of ammonia‐generating diet on ovine serum and follicular fluid ammonia and urea levels,serum oestrogen and progesterone concentrations and granulosa cell functions          下载免费PDF全文

S. Nandi  S. Mondal  D. T. Pal  P. S. P. Gupta 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):309-315

This study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of ammonia‐generating diet on serum and follicular fluid ammonia and urea levels, serum oestrogen and progesterone concentrations and granulosa cell growth and secretion parameters in ewes (Ovis aries). Ewes were fed with 14% CP diet (control) or ammonia‐generating diet or ammonia‐generating diet plus soluble sugar. The serum and follicular fluid ammonia and urea level, serum oestrogen and progesterone levels and granulosa cell (obtained from ovaries of slaughtered ewes) growth parameters and secretory activities were estimated. Ammonia‐generating diet (high‐protein diet) increased the serum ammonia and urea concentration. Supplementation of soluble sugar significantly reduced the ammonia concentration in serum with comparable levels as in control group; however, the urea level in the same group was higher than that observed in control group. Supplementation of soluble sugar significantly reduced the follicular fluid ammonia concentration; however, the level was significantly higher compared to control group. Supplementation of soluble sugar brought down the follicular fluid urea level comparable to that observed in control group. Oestrogen and progesterone levels remained unchanged in ewes fed with different types of diet. Oestrogen and progesterone secretion were significantly lowered from granulosa cells recovered from ewes fed with high ammonia‐generating diet. Low metabolic activity and high incidence of apoptosis were observed in granulosa cells obtained from ovaries of ewes fed with ammonia‐generating diet.  相似文献   

Developmental regulation and modulation of apoptotic genes expression in sheep oocytes and embryos cultured in vitro with L‐carnitine          下载免费PDF全文

A Mishra  IJ Reddy  PSP Gupta  S Mondal 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(6):1020-1029

The objective of this study was to find out the impact of L‐carnitine (10 mM) on developmental regulation of preimplantation sheep embryos cultured in vitro when supplemented in maturation medium and post‐fertilization medium separately. Subsequent objective was to observe the L‐carnitine‐mediated alteration in expression of apoptotic genes (Bcl2, Bax, Casp3 and PCNA) in sheep oocytes and developing embryos produced in vitro. Oocytes matured with L‐carnitine showed significantly (p < .05) higher cleavage (67.23% vs 43.12%), morula (47.65% vs 28.58%) and blastocysts (32.12% vs 13.24%) percentage as compared to presumptive zygotes cultured with L‐carnitine during post‐fertilization period. So it is suggested to use L‐carnitine during maturation than post‐fertilization period. Antiapoptotic and proliferative effects of L‐carnitine were confirmed by inducing culture medium with actinomycin D (apoptotic agent) and TNFα (antiproliferative agent), respectively, with and without L‐carnitine. Oocytes and embryos cultured with actinomycin D and TNFα showed developmental arrest with significant (p < .05) decrease in morula and blastocysts percentage but s upplementation of L‐carnitine to actinomycin D and TNFα induced culture medium showed similar result as that of control . L‐carnitine supplementation during IVM significantly (p < .05) upregulated the expression of Bcl2 and PCNA genes in majority of the developmental stages. Although L‐carnitine upregulated the expression of Bax in initial developmental stages but downregulated at latter part, whereas the expression of Casp3 was upregulated upto 16‐cell stage but after that there was no difference in expression. Expression of GAPDH gene was not affected by L‐carnitine supplementation. In conclusion, L‐carnitine acted as an antiapoptotic and proliferative compound during embryo development and supplementation of L‐carnitine during IVM altered the expression of apoptotic genes in the developmental stages of embryos.  相似文献   

Nano zinc supplementation in goat (Capra hircus) ration improves immunity,serum zinc profile and IGF-1 hormones without affecting thyroid hormones     

Partha Sarathi Swain  Somu Bala Nageswara Rao  Duraisamy Rajendran  Paramanandham Krishnamoorthy  Sukanta Mondal  Dintaran Pal  Sellapan Selvaraju 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(4):621-629

The trial was aimed at evaluating probable superiority, if any of nano zinc (NZn) over inorganic zinc (Zn) on immunity, serum minerals and T₃, T₄, and IGF-1 hormone profiles in goats. NZn was synthesized by using 0.45 M aqueous solution of Zn nitrate and 0.9 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (average particle size 74 nm). Twenty-four male goats were grouped into four groups as per their body weight and were supplemented with either a basal diet with concentrate and straw at 50:50 ratio (Negative control, NC) alone or supplemented with 50 mg/kg Zn (Control) from inorganic Zn source, that is ZnO (IZn-50), 50 mg/kg Zn from NZn (NZn-50) or 25 mg/kg Zn from NZn (NZn-25). No change was observed in thyroid hormone status on zero and 90th day of experimental feeding, but NZn supplementation improved (p < 0.05) IGF-1 level on 90th day serum samples. Zn supplementation improved the humoral immunity in all the groups irrespective of the source. Similarly, cell-mediated immunity (CMI) measured by skinfold thickness after injecting Con-A, was also improved in Zn supplemented groups than control at 6, 12 and 48 h of incubation. NZn-50 animals showed highest HI (haemagglutination inhibition) titre as well as skin thickness. The (cluster of differentiation in %) was more (p < 0.05) in Zn supplemented groups. NZn-50 showed higher (p < 0.05) count than NC and similar (p > 0.05) to IZn-50 and NZn-25 groups without affecting (p > 0.05) the ratio of , among the treatment groups. Thus, NZn supplementation at 25 mg/kg had similar immunity and serum T₃, T₄ and IGF-1 profiles compared with IZn at 50 mg/kg dose.  相似文献   

Determination of effective dosage of GH-releasing factor for blood GH responses in mithun (Bos frontalis)     

Mondal M  Rajkhowa C  Prakash BS 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2006,90(11-12):453-458

A study was undertaken to determine the effective dosage of GH-releasing hormone (GRF) required to produce blood GH response in mithun (Bos frontalis), a semi-wild ruminant species. For the purpose, 12 mithuns averaging 11.5 months of age and 146 kg body weight (BW) were randomly assigned to receive GRF (n = 12), administered at 0 (normal saline), 5, 10 and 20 mug per 100 kg BW. Blood samples were collected prior to and after GRF administration at -60, -45, -30, -15, -10, -5, 0 min and 5, 10, 15, 30 and thereafter, at 15-min interval up to 8 h post-GRF were assayed for plasma GH. For all the dosages, the pre-treatment GH concentrations and corresponding area under GH response curve (AUC) were similar (p > 0.05). The post-GRF plasma GH responses to different dosages of GRF viz. 5, 10 and 20 mug per 100 kg BW and corresponding AUCs were higher (p < 0.05) than those recorded in normal saline-treated controls. The GH responses to 10 and 20 mug GRF per 100 kg BW and corresponding AUCs were higher (p < 0.05) than those registered in mithuns administered with 5 mug GRF per 100 kg BW. Interestingly, post-GRF concentration of plasma GH and AUCs were not different for 10 and 20 mug GRF per 100 kg BW dosages. In all animals treated with GRF, a peak of GH was registered within 10 to 20 min post-GRF. Following 5 mug GRF per 100 kg BW, GH concentrations were maintained at higher level for 90 min post-GRF and thereafter became similar to that of controls and it was 435 min for 10 and 20 mug GRF per 100 kg BW dosages. In conclusion, our results suggest that 10 mug GRF per 100 kg BW is the dosage, which can be used for augmentation of mithun production.  相似文献   

An investigation into the distribution, host-preference and population density of Ixodid ticks affecting domestic animals in Bangladesh     

Islam MK  Alim MA  Tsuji N  Mondal MM 《Tropical animal health and production》2006,38(6):485-490

To study the distribution, host-preference and population density of ixodid ticks in Bangladesh, an attempt was made to collect adult ticks from various host animals in three distinct topographic zones, viz. flood plains, hills and steppe ‘Barind’. Five species of ixodid ticks were recorded, namely, Boophilus microplus (56.3%), Haemaphysalis bispinosa (11.3%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (14.7%), Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (15.0%) and Amblyomma testudinarium (2.8%). The data showed that B. microplus occurred predominantly on cattle (42.4%). The other hosts involved were buffaloes (12.5%), goats (25.5%) and pigs (8.2%). H. bispinosa mostly parasitized goats (31.5%) rather than cattle (12.0%) and buffaloes (10.8%). R. sanguineus was principally a dog tick (27.4%) but also parasitized cattle (10.8%) and goats (6.8%). H. a. anatolicum was restricted to cattle (19.2%) and A. testudinarium was found on both cattle (4.4%) and pigs (2.3%). These results indicate that ixodid ticks are not strictly host-specific except for H. a. anatolicum. The population density of these ticks was significantly (p < 0.01) influenced by the changing of seasons. B. microplus, H. bispinosa and R. sanguineus were by far the most widely distributed species; the distribution of H. a. anatolicum was restricted to the steppe ‘Barind tract’ and A. testudinarium was found in the hilly regions only.  相似文献   

Evidence of mixed infection of peste des petits ruminants virus and bluetongue virus in a flock of goats as confirmed by detection of antigen, antibody and nucleic acid of both the viruses     

B. Mondal  A. Sen  K. Chand  S. K. Biswas  A. De  K. K. Rajak  S. Chakravarti 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1661-1667

A mixed infection with peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) occurred in goats which exhibited symptoms characteristic of PPR. A number of samples were collected from ailing or dead goats for labrotory diagnosis. Antibody to BTV and PPRV was detected in sera samples by competitive ELISA. No PPRV antigen was detected in tissue samples like lung and spleen, however, presence of PPRV antigen in some sera samples was confirmed by sandwich ELISA. All the blood samples collected from the ailing animals were found positive for BTV antigen by a sandwich ELISA. BTV- and PPRV nucleic acids were amplified from the pooled blood and tissue samples respectively by RT-PCR assays. The identity of the amplicons was confirmed by cloning and sequencing. All these tests confirm that the goats were infected with PPRV and BTV simultaneously. Isolation of viruses from the clinical samples is underway.  相似文献   

Development of genic molecular markers linked to a rust resistance gene in cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)     

Suvendu Mondal  A. M. Badigannavar  S. F. D’Souza 《Euphytica》2012,188(2):163-173

Development of molecular markers for different economically important traits in cultivated groundnut has progressed at slow pace. Although many genomic SSR markers were developed in both the wild and cultivated groundnut, the genetic linkage map in the species is still not saturated. Availability of a large number of ESTs in GenBank opened up the possibility of integrating new markers and to identify markers closely linked to agronomic traits. EST-SSR markers are also considered as genic molecular markers. In this study, 259 EST-SSR markers were developed by mining 5,184 Arachis hypogaea ESTs from NCBI database. These EST-SSRs and 34 resistance gene candidate markers were used for association and genetic mapping of rust resistance in cultivated groundnut. From these, Cer2, SSR_GO340445, SSR_HO115759, SSR_GO341324 and RGC 2 had a significant association with rust resistance based on locus-by-locus AMOVA and/or Kruskal?CWallis ANOVA. Some of these associated markers also had protein activity related to biotic stress responses. Through genetic mapping, EST-SSR markers SSR_GO340445 and SSR_HO115759 were found closely linked to a rust resistance gene at 1.9 and 3.8?cM distances, respectively. These markers are thus suitable candidates for marker assisted selection in groundnut. The tight linkage of SSR_GO340445 would be helpful to screen BAC clones and to isolate rust resistance gene in groundnut.  相似文献   

Salvinia natans — as the scavenger of Hg(II)     

Asit K. Sen  Nitya G. Mondal 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,34(4):439-446

The plant, Salvinia natans L., was found effective in the removal of Hg(H) from wastewater. Maximum accumulation was noted within a day and maximum removal (about 90%) was recorded below 5 ppm of Hg(II). Accumulation of the metal occurred mainly in the roots. The senescence of the plant started at and above 5 ppm of Hg(H). The biochemical constituents like chlorophyll, Hill-activity, Protein, RNA, dry weight, and activities of catalase and protease decreased while free amino acid content, peroxidase activity and the ratio of acid to alkaline pyrophosphatase activity increased over control values at and above 5 ppm of Hg(H).  相似文献