Plasma growth hormone concentrations in female mithun (Bos frontalis) of different ages: relations with age and body weight     

Mondal M  Rajkhowa C  Prakash BS 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2007,91(1-2):68-73

The role of growth hormone (GH) in postnatal somatic growth is well established. Its basal level and relation to growth performance in different age group mithun (Bos frontalis), a semiwild ruminant has not been characterized until now. To estimate the normal blood GH level and also to assess the influence of age and body weight (BW) on blood GH level in captive mithuns, a total of 65 female mithuns was divided into six age groups (group I, 0-6 months; group II, >6-12 months; group III, >1-2 years; group IV, >2-2.5 years; group V, >2.5-3.0 years and group VI, >3.0 years). Blood samples collected weekly for six consecutive weeks were assayed for GH. GH was also estimated in the samples collected from six growing mithuns at -60, -45, -30, -15, -10, -5 and 0 min prior to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) administration for calculation of basal GH level and at 5, 10, 15, 30 min and thereafter at 15-min interval up to 8 h post-GHRH to assess blood GH response following GHRH administration in growing mithuns. For calculation of basal plasma GH in adult mithuns, GH was measured in blood samples collected at 30-min interval for 24 h from four animals. BW of all animals was recorded on two consecutive days per week and average of weekly BW was considered for growth rate calculation. It was found that both mean GH and GH per 100 kg BW between the age groups differ (p < 0.01). With increasing age and BW, GH and GH per 100 kg BW both decreased (p < 0.01). The age group with higher plasma GH and GH per 100 kg BW showed higher growth rates (r = 0.83 and 0.97 respectively). Interestingly, mean plasma GH for six consecutive weeks in all the groups showed much greater GH concentration (group I, 86.6 +/- 9.7 ng/ml to group VI 33.2 +/- 5 ng/ml) than reported in other species. Mean basal plasma GH calculated in growing and adult mithuns was 29.6 +/- 4.01 ng/ml and around 25 +/- 3.6 ng/ml respectively. The GH peak (444 +/- 21.3 ng/ml) was registered at 15 min post-GHRH administration in growing mithuns. In conclusion, age and BW influence plasma GH and GH per 100 kg BW but the latter is a better indicator of growth. The basal plasma GH and GH response to GHRH administration is six to eight and four to five times higher in mithun than in other species reported so far. An accurate assessment of the relationship between GH profiles and protein metabolism, proper receptor level study for GH action at the cellular level and the interaction of GH with other growth factors awaits better understanding of higher GH in this unique species.  相似文献   

NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN SPINACH AS INFLUENCED BY SULFUR AND PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION UNDER INCREASING NITROGEN LEVELS     

Suchhanda Mondal  B. K. Nad 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(14):2081-2088

Nitrate (NO₃) accumulation by spinach was studied under increasing nitrogen (N) levels (60, 120 and 240 kg N ha^?1) along with sulfur (45 kg S ha^?1) and phosphorus (P; 90 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1) application. Plants were harvested at 50 and 65 days after sowing. Plant samples were analyzed for NO₃-N and total N, P, S, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). Radio assay of 35S was done to estimate percent sulfur derived from fertilizer and percent fertilizer sulfur utilization. Spinach maintained a very high level of NO₃-N in its tissue throughout the growing period. NO₃-N was increased with increasing nitrogen level and was reduced with phosphorus and sulfur application and also with advancement in growth. Total N, P, S, K, Ca and Mg uptake were increased with increasing nitrogen levels as well as with application of sulfur and phosphorus. Sulfur application caused increase in percent sulfur derived from fertilizer and percent utilization of fertilizer sulfur.  相似文献   

Comparative evaluation of mahua (Bassia latifolia) oil cake and castor bean (Ricinus communis) seed as fish toxicants for tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and panchax (Aplocheilus panchax) with residual toxicity assessment on Labeo bata     

Bithilekha Mondal  Shib K. Das 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(9):2341-2349

Comparative evaluation of mahua (Bassia latifolia) oil cake (MOC) and castor bean (Ricinus communis) seed (CBS) was tested as piscicides for tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and panchax (Aplocheilus panchax), and residual toxicity test was done on Labeo bata. Delayed response of CBS compared with MOC was evident as first and total mortality of tilapia was encountered at 4th and 10th hour of application, against 26 hr and 42 hr in panchax respectively. Susceptibility of the test fish to the piscicides was highly variable as tilapia was more susceptible than panchax under both the piscicides tested especially in CBS. Residual toxicity decreased polynomialy over time (R² ≥ 0.99) and reduced to below 10% on day 13–14 in both MOC and CBS treatments. Both MOC and CBS contributed positively to the nutrient pool of water in which CBS provided more nitrogen compared with MOC. N: P ratio of water in CBS treatment increased exponentially to more than 18 indicating phosphorus limitation.  相似文献   

Fetal haemoglobin in pregnant yaks (Poephagus grunniens L.).     

M Sarkar  D N Das  D B Mondal 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1999,158(1):68-70

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Evaluation of fermented fish‐offal in the formulated diet of the freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis     

Kausik Mondal  Anilava Kaviraj  Pratap Kumar Mukhopadhyay 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(13):1443-1449

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to test the effect of partial replacement of fishmeal by fish‐offal (FO) in the diet for the freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Three isonitrogenous (31.4% CP) diets were formulated to include a reference diet (T1) with 40% fishmeal (FM) and 0% FO and two supplementary diets: one (T2) containing 25% FM and 25% FO and another (T3) containing 20% FM and 30% FO. The FO was fermented along with mustard oil cake and rice bran before using it as an ingredient in the preparation of feed. Two separate trials were conducted with these three diets: a growth trial and a digestibility trial. H. fossilis fed the diets containing FO showed better growth and proximate composition of carcass than those fed the reference diet. Fish fed T3 diet showed maximum feed conversion, protein utilization and growth. Apparent protein digestibility (APD) was also significantly higher in the T3 diet as compared with the T1 diet. The results of the trial indicated that using microbial fermentation, FO could be included up to a 30% level as a partial (50%) replacement of fishmeal in the formulation of diet for H. fossilis.  相似文献   

Phytase-producing bacteria in the digestive tracts of some freshwater fish     

Tanami Roy  Sabyasachi Mondal  & Arun Kumar Ray 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(3):344-353

Isolation and enumeration of phytase‐producing bacterial flora in the foregut and hindgut regions of the gastrointestinal tracts of 10 culturable freshwater teleosts of different feeding habits, namely rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), bata (Labeo bata), kalbasu (Labeo calbasu), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), have been carried out. Microbial culture of the gut mucosa on selected nutrient media following the enrichment culture technique was performed for bacterial isolation. The bacterial isolates were screened on the basis of their enzyme‐producing ability. The bacterial population on the tryptone soya agar (TSA) plate was maximum in the hindgut region of bata, followed by mrigal and minimum in the foregut region of Nile tilapia. In modified phytase screening medium (MPSM), phytase‐producing strains were recorded at higher densities in the foregut region of mrigal and grass carp and minimum in the foregut region of bata. In case of the hindgut, maximum phytase‐producing strains were present in grass carp and mrigal and minimum in rohu. In general, in MPSM, the bacterial population was lower in the hindgut region of all the 10 species of fish examined. The phytase‐producing ability of the selected 31 strains (16 from the foregut and 15 from the hindgut region) was determined by clearing zones on phytate‐containing plates. Among these isolates, 22 strains (12 from the foregut and 10 from the hindgut region) were selected as potent phytase producers according to a quantitative enzyme assay. The highest phytase activity was observed in the bacterial strains LF1 and LH1 isolated from the fore and the hindgut regions of rohu respectively. Both the strains were identified as Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of phenotypic characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence analysis.  相似文献   

Patterns of fish community composition and biodiversity in riverine fish sanctuaries in Bangladesh: Implications for hilsa shad conservation     

Goutam Kumar Kundu  Md. Monirul Islam  Md. Foijul Hasan  Samapti Saha  Gouri Mondal  Bijoya Paul  Md. Ghulam Mustafa 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(2):364-376

Understanding biodiversity and community composition is a prerequisite to sustainable exploitation and conservation of fisheries. We assessed the spatial and seasonal patterns of fish community composition and biodiversity in seasonal no-take riverine sanctuaries in Bangladesh, which aim to conserve the anadromous hilsa shad (Tenualosa spp. and Hilsa keele). Fish samples were collected during monsoon, as well as pre- and postmonsoon, from five sites within two sanctuaries and one site in an open fishing area. Although total abundance was similar along the rivers, species richness was significantly higher at the open fishing site due to its connectivity to nearby habitats. The diversity apparently decreased in a downstream direction. Fish communities at two upstream sites were separated from other sites in multivariate space largely due to higher abundance of hilsa at downstream sites and presence of floodplain-oriented species at the two upstream sites. Short body length and high trophic level at all sites indicated that fish communities were overexploited. Our results also indicated that riverine hilsa sanctuaries in Bangladesh are rich in fish species diversity and support several threatened species designated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Our study also suggested that since hilsa abundance shapes community patterns, it can therefore impact riverine ecosystem functioning in the sanctuary areas. The findings of this study can serve as an important baseline for future biodiversity assessment, conservation and impact assessment of conservation in rivers, and therefore help to establish multispecies ecosystem-based management of riverine fisheries around the world.  相似文献   

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method extension to quantify simultaneously melamine and cyanuric acid in egg powder and soy protein in addition to milk products     

Rodriguez Mondal AM  Desmarchelier A  Konings E  Acheson-Shalom R  Delatour T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(22):11574-11579

As a consequence of the adulteration of infant formulas and milk powders with melamine (MEL) in China in 2008, much attention has been devoted to the analysis of MEL [and cyanuric acid (CA)] in dairy products. Several methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), or Raman spectroscopy have been described in the literature. However, no method is available for the simultaneous determination of MEL and CA in other raw materials, which are considered as high-risk materials for economically motivated adulteration. The present paper reports the results of an interlaboratory-based performance evaluation conducted with seven laboratories worldwide. The purpose was to demonstrate the ability of a cleanup-free LC-MS/MS method, originally developed for cow's milk and milk-powdered infant formula, to quantify MEL and CA in egg powder and soy protein. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg for MEL in egg powder and soy protein, respectively. For CA, LOD and LOQ were 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg in egg powder and 1.0 and 1.50 mg/kg in soy protein, respectively. Recoveries ranged within a 97-113% range for both MEL and CA in egg powder and soy protein. Reproducibility values (RSD(R)) from seven laboratories were within a 5.4-11.7% range for both analytes in the considered matrices. Horwitz ratio (HorRat) values between 0.4 and 0.7 indicate acceptable among-laboratory precision for the method described.  相似文献   

Antidiarrhoeal activity of Cyperus rotundus     

Uddin SJ  Mondal K  Shilpi JA  Rahman MT 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(2):134-136

The methanol extract of Cyperus rotundus rhizome, given orally at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w., showed significant antidiarrhoeal activity in castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice. Among the fractions, tested at 250 mg/kg, the petroleum ether fraction (PEF) and residual methanol fraction (RMF) were found to retain the activity, the latter being more active as compared to the control. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) did not show any antidiarrhoeal activity.  相似文献   

Transgenic citrus expressing the antimicrobial gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">Attacin E</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">attE</Emphasis>) reduces the susceptibility of ‘Duncan’ grapefruit to the citrus scab caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Elsinoë fawcettii</Emphasis>     

S.?N.?Mondal  M.?Dutt  J.?W.?Grosser  M.?M.?DewdneyEmail author 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,133(2):391-404

Citrus scab, caused by Elsinoë fawcettii (anamorph Sphaceloma fawcettii), is a common foliar fungal disease affecting many citrus cultivars, including grapefruit. No commercial grapefruit cultivar is resistant to scab, and the disease results in severely blemished fruit which reduces its marketability. Transgenic ‘Duncan’ grapefruit trees expressing the antimicrobial attE gene were produced via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In in vitro leaf and greenhouse assays, several transgenic-lines had significantly lower susceptibility to E. fawcettii compared to the non-transformed control (P?P?P?attE mRNA was inversely related to the number of copies detected by Southern blot. The least susceptible line had a single inserted copy of the attE transgene whereas more susceptible lines had multiple copies. Since the attacin mode of action was thought to be specific to Gram-negative bacteria, it was unexpected to find that there was a significant activity against E. fawcettii.  相似文献