Liver cytology.     

Douglas J Weiss  Andreas Moritz 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2002,32(6):1267-91, vi

Physical examination, clinical laboratory testing, and medical imaging are effective in establishing the presence of liver disease; however, they infrequently establish a definitive diagnosis. Morphologic evaluation of liver tissue is generally accepted as a valuable diagnostic tool in establishing a diagnosis in liver disease. Clinicians have several options for obtaining specimens for morphologic evaluation, including surgically obtained wedge biopsies, percutaneous core biopsies, and fine-needle aspiration specimens. Surgical and core biopsy procedures require anesthesia or sedation and have a substantial risk of bleeding complications. Fine-needle aspiration usually does not require sedation and is rarely associated with hemorrhage; thus, it is frequently chosen for animals that are poor anesthetic risks or have coagulopathies. Diseases like malignant lymphoma, hepatic lipidosis, and suppurative hepatitis are readily diagnosed cytologically, whereas hepatocellular adenomas, hyperplastic nodules, fibrosis, and chronic inflammation are more difficult to identify cytologically.  相似文献   

Teaching veterinary clinical pathology to undergraduate students: an integrated European project     

Cerón JJ  Braun JP  Gaál T  Godeau JM  Knottenbelt CM  Larkin HA  Lubas G  Moritz A  Papasouliotis K  Sankari SM 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2007,36(4):336-340

BACKGROUND: Veterinary clinical pathology is a relatively new and emerging discipline in Europe that has gained momentum with the recent establishment of a specialty college. In this situation, veterinary faculties may face challenges in understanding and defining what clinical pathology is and how it can best be integrated into existing curricula. In addition, many schools in Europe may not yet have available a critical mass of suitably qualified faculty capable of teaching in all areas of clinical pathology. OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this report is to describe the goals, procedures adopted, teaching material produced, and proposed future activities of a major European initiative designed to develop a veterinary clinical pathology curriculum. METHODS: Four working subgroups were formed to establish a list of course objectives and topics and prepare a series of lectures. These contents were reviewed and discussed several times at a series of general meetings. RESULTS: An undergraduate course on veterinary clinical pathology was designed with course objectives, a list of topics and a CD-ROM consisting of 24 lectures. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this project could be useful in the establishment or improvement of training programs in veterinary clinical pathology at the undergraduate level in Europe and in other places around the world. The provision of teaching resources for faculty could help to instill in veterinary students a strong understanding of the discipline and promote development of advanced training programs and career opportunities in clinical pathology in Europe.  相似文献   

Effect of acetazolamide and subsequent ventriculo-peritoneal shunting on clinical signs and ventricular volumes in dogs with internal hydrocephalus     

Malgorzata Kolecka  Nele Ondreka  Andreas Moritz  Martin Kramer  Martin J. Schmidt 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

Acetazolamide is recommended for the reduction of cerebrospinal fluid production in canine internal hydrocephalus. The efficacy of the drug in terms of alleviation of the clinical symptoms and the restoration of normal ventricular volume has not been documented. We hypothesize that acetazolamide inadequately improve clinical signs and has no effect on the ventricular volume. Six dogs with internal hydrocephalus underwent neurological examination and were examined by magnetic resonance imaging, on the day of the diagnosis, after treatment with acetazolamide directly before surgery, and 6 weeks after implantation of a vetriculo-peritoneal shunt due to lack of improvement after medical therapy with 10 mg/kg acetazolamide three times daily (TID). The ventricular volume in relation to the total brain volume was determined on each occasion. The changes in relative ventricular volume and of the neurological status were assessed and compared.

Results

McNemar’s test revealed no significant differences in clinical symptoms before and after medical treatment (P > 0.05). However, clinical symptoms changed significantly after surgical treatment (P = 0.001). The ventricle-brain ratio was not significantly changed after therapy with acetazolamide (P > 0.05); however, after subsequent shunt implantation, it was significantly reduced (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Acetazolamide (10 mg/kg TID) showed no effects on clinical signs or ventricular volume in dogs with internal hydrocephalus. After subsequent ventriculo-peritoneal shunting, the dogs had a significantly reduced cerebral ventricular volume and five out of six dogs had no abnormal findings in neurological examination.  相似文献   

Characterisation of changes in the haemostasis system in dogs with thrombosis     

N. Bauer  A. Moritz 《The Journal of small animal practice》2013,54(3):129-136

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Phytate and phosphorus utilization by broiler chickens and laying hens fed maize-based diets     

Qiugang MA  Markus RODEHUTSCORD  Moritz NOVOTNY  Lan LI  Luqing YANG 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2019,6(4):380

Maize grain is primarily used as an energy source for poultry and other animals. Maize has relatively high phytate-P content and very low intrinsic phytase activity. Given that feed phosphates are produced from finite rock phosphate resources, a reduction in the use of feed phosphates in maize-based diets by increasing the utilization of plant P sources by animals is necessary to make poultry meat and egg production more sustainable. The utilization of P by poultry is affected by two intrinsic characteristics of maize: the concentration of inositol phosphates and the activity of the intrinsic phytase of the grain in the digestive tract. The objective of this review is to present data on the variation that exists in composition of maize relevant for P use and to address factors that influence P utilization in maize-based diets of poultry. Broiler chickens and laying hens have the potential to degrade phytate in the gastrointestinal tract, but this is depressed by high dietary Ca and P concentrations. Published values of phytate degradation in broilers are overall higher than those in laying hens. Differences also exist between broiler chickens and growing turkeys and Pekin ducks. The exogenous supplementation of microbial phytases and the introduction of transgenic high phytase maize in poultry diets are efficient not only for the improvement of phytate-P digestibility, production performance, egg quality and bone mineralization, but also for the reduction of P excreta to control environmental impact.  相似文献   

Technology generation to dissemination: lessons learned from the tef improvement project     

Gina Cannarozzi  Solomon Chanyalew  Kebebew Assefa  Abate Bekele  Regula Blösch  Annett Weichert  Dominik Klauser  Sonia Plaza-Wüthrich  Korinna Esfeld  Moritz Jöst  Abiel Rindisbacher  Habte Jifar  Victoria Johnson-Chadwick  Ermias Abate  Wuyan Wang  Rizqah Kamies  Negussu Husein  Worku Kebede  Kidist Tolosa  Yazachew Genet  Kidu Gebremeskel  Brikti Ferede  Firew Mekbib  Federico Martinelli  Hans Christian Pedersen  Suhail Rafudeen  Shimelis Hussein  Muluneh Tamiru  Naomi Nakayama  Mike Robinson  Ian Barker  Samuel Zeeman  Zerihun Tadele 《Euphytica》2018,214(2):31

Indigenous crops also known as orphan crops are key contributors to food security, which is becoming increasingly vulnerable with the current trend of population growth and climate change. They have the major advantage that they fit well into the general socio-economic and ecological context of developing world agriculture. However, most indigenous crops did not benefit from the Green Revolution, which dramatically increased the yield of major crops such as wheat and rice. Here, we describe the Tef Improvement Project, which employs both conventional- and molecular-breeding techniques to improve tef—an orphan crop important to the food security in the Horn of Africa, a region of the world with recurring devastating famines. We have established an efficient pipeline to bring improved tef lines from the laboratory to the farmers of Ethiopia. Of critical importance to the long-term success of this project is the cooperation among participants in Ethiopia and Switzerland, including donors, policy makers, research institutions, and farmers. Together, European and African scientists have developed a pipeline using breeding and genomic tools to improve the orphan crop tef and bring new cultivars to the farmers in Ethiopia. We highlight a new variety, Tesfa, developed in this pipeline and possessing a novel and desirable combination of traits. Tesfa’s recent approval for release illustrates the success of the project and marks a milestone as it is the first variety (of many in the pipeline) to be released.  相似文献   

Study of Structure–Activity Relationships of the Marine Alkaloid Fascaplysin and Its Derivatives as Potent Anticancer Agents     

Maxim E. Zhidkov  Moritz Kaune  Alexey V. Kantemirov  Polina A. Smirnova  Pavel V. Spirin  Maria A. Sidorova  Sergey A. Stadnik  Elena Y. Shyrokova  Dmitry N. Kaluzhny  Oleg A. Tryapkin  Tobias Busenbender  Jessica Hauschild  Tina Rohlfing  Vladimir S. Prassolov  Carsten Bokemeyer  Markus Graefen  Gunhild von Amsberg  Sergey A. Dyshlovoy 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)

Marine alkaloid fascaplysin and its derivatives are known to exhibit promising anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. However, toxicity of these molecules to non-cancer cells was identified as a main limitation for their clinical use. Here, for the very first time, we synthesized a library of fascaplysin derivatives covering all possible substituent introduction sites, i.e., cycles A, C and E of the 12H-pyrido[1-2-a:3,4-b’]diindole system. Their selectivity towards human prostate cancer versus non-cancer cells, as well as the effects on cellular metabolism, membrane integrity, cell cycle progression, apoptosis induction and their ability to intercalate into DNA were investigated. A pronounced selectivity for cancer cells was observed for the family of di- and trisubstituted halogen derivatives (modification of cycles A and E), while a modification of cycle C resulted in a stronger activity in therapy-resistant PC-3 cells. Among others, 3,10-dibromofascaplysin exhibited the highest selectivity, presumably due to the cytostatic effects executed via the targeting of cellular metabolism. Moreover, an introduction of radical substituents at C-9, C-10 or C-10 plus C-3 resulted in a notable reduction in DNA intercalating activity and improved selectivity. Taken together, our research contributes to understanding the structure–activity relationships of fascaplysin alkaloids and defines further directions of the structural optimization.  相似文献   

Comparison of three different procedures for anaesthesia of calves with respect to possible pain-associated reactions     

Hefti A  Schlemmer I  Sauter-Louis C  Metzner M 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2012,125(7-8):315-325

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of three anaesthetic protocols with respect to possible pain-associated reactions: injection (INJE) with xylazine (0.2 mg/kg), ketamine (5 mg/kg) and local anaesthesia (procain 2%); a combination of injection and inhalation (KOMB) with xylazine (0.2 mg/kg), ketamine (2 mg/kg), and isoflurane (1.5-3.0 vol%); and inhalation with isoflurane (control group [o]) surgery. During the trial, the anaesthetic level was controlled, and signs of response to surgical stimulation or spontaneous movements, changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, plasma L-lactate and cortisol levels were recorded. The dosage of 5 mg ketamine/kg body mass was rarely sufficient to obtain surgical tolerance in group INJE. In order to attain surgical tolerance, it was necessary to administer an average of 8.4 mg ketamine/kg body mass. All animals of the INJEc/o groups started to show signs of spontaneous movements or response to surgical stimulation between five and twelve minutes after the last administration of ketamine. Signs of response to surgical stimulation at the time of skin incision were significantly most frequent (37%) in the INHAc group, while agitation or response to surgical stimulation at least once during the entire time of anaesthesia was significantly (p <0.01) most frequent in the INJEc group (100%). Changes in heart rate and mean blood pressure were not found to be related to surgical stress situations.Ten minutes after the incision, the highest increases in plasma cortisol levels above basal levels of the previous day were determined in the groups INJEc and INJEo (53.5 and 57.7 nmol/l, respectively). However, a significant increase of plasma cortisol levels between the previous day and ten minutes after incision was only found between INHAc and INHAo (30.1 versus 7.5 nmol/l, p < 0.01) but not in the other pairs of groups (INJEc/o and KOMBdc/o). Within the three experimental groups the increase of plasma cortisol levels between the previous day and ten minutes after incision was only significant between INJEc and KOMBc (53.5 versus 28.3 nmol/l, p < 0.01). Among the protocols tested in this study, the combination anaesthesia (KOMB) was associated with the least amount of pain-associated reactions by the calves. Therefore, this protocol should be used preferred to the other two protocols in order to minimise stress and pain for the animals as much as posssible.  相似文献   

Patterns of ionizing radiation exposure among women veterinarians   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S A Moritz  W D Hueston  J R Wilkins 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,195(6):737-739

Radiation detection devices (film badges) were distributed to a random sample of 118 women in Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, who had graduated from a US veterinary school between 1970 and 1980, inclusive. Ionizing radiation exposure exceeded 15 mrem/mo in 17% of the women monitored. The maximal recorded whole-body dose was 44.2 mrem/quarter-year, which was well below the maximal permissible doses of 1,250 mrem/quarter-year for nonpregnant women and 500 mrem/quarter-year for pregnant women. Associations between the women's safety beliefs or behaviors and recorded exposure were not observed; however, the school from which the women graduated was an important determinant of safety behavior.  相似文献   

Frequency of the nt230 (del4) MDR1 mutation in Collies and related dog breeds in Germany     

Geyer J  Döring B  Godoy JR  Leidolf R  Moritz A  Petzinger E 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2005,28(6):545-551

MDR1 (ABCB1) P-glycoprotein exerts a protective function in the blood–brain barrier thereby limiting the entry of many drugs and other xenobiotics to the central nervous system. A nonsense mutation has been described for Collies and related dog breeds which abolishes this function and is associated with increased susceptibility to neurotoxic side effects of several drugs including ivermectin, moxidectin and loperamide. In order to evaluate the occurrence and frequency of this nt230 (del4) MDR1 mutation in Germany, we screened 1500 dogs. Frequency of the homozygous mutated genotype was highest for Collies (33.0%), followed by Australian Shepherd (6.9%) and Shetland Sheepdog (5.7%). Thirty-seven percent of the Wäller dogs and 12.5% of the Old English Sheepdogs were heterozygous for the mutant MDR1 (−) allele. Considering the predominant role of MDR1 P-glycoprotein in drug disposition and in particular for blood–brain barrier protection, MDR1 genotype-based breeding programs are recommended for improving the safety of drug therapy in these canine breeds.  相似文献