排序方式： 共有34条查询结果，搜索用时 78 毫秒
11.
12.
Kazuyoshi Hosaka Yuko Hosaka Motoyuki Mori Tsutomu Maida Hiroshi Matsunaga 《American Journal of Potato Research》2001,78(3):191-196
Extreme resistance to potato virus Y, derived from a wild diploid speciesSolanum chacoense, was found in Japanese cultivar Konafubuki. The segregation ratio of resistant vs susceptible in the tetraploid population from Kita-akari (susceptible) x Konafubuki (resistant) indicated that the resistance gene followed a monogenic dominant fashion. Bulked DNA samples of resistant and of susceptible clones were screened with 306 decamer primers by PCR to find RAPD markers linked to the resistance. The RAPD marker 38-530 was reproducibly detected in the resistant clones with a recombination frequency of 16.3%. Except for Konafubuki the marker band was found only in a few limited parental lines and cultivars where the resistance is not involved. Thus, using Konafubuki as a resistance gene source, the RAPD marker 38-530 would be practically and widely useful in tetraploid breeding programs. 相似文献
13.
Tomoyuki Furuta Kanako Uehara Rosalyn B. Angeles-Shim Junghyun Shim Motoyuki Ashikari Tomonori Takashi 《Breeding Science》2014,63(5):468-475
The wild relatives of rice (Oryza sativa L.) are useful sources of alleles that have evolved to adapt in diverse environments around the world. Oryza rufipogon, the known progenitor of the cultivated rice, harbors genes that have been lost in cultivated varieties through domestication or evolution. This makes O. rufipogon an ideal source of value-added traits that can be utilized to improve the existing rice cultivars. To explore the potential of the rice progenitor as a genetic resource for improving O. sativa, 33 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) of O. rufipogon (W0106) in the background of the elite japonica cultivar Koshihikari were developed and evaluated for several agronomic traits. Over 90% of the entire genome was introgressed from the donor parent into the CSSLs. A total of 99 putative QTLs were detected, of which 15 were identified as major effective QTLs that have significantly large effects on the traits examined. Among the 15 major effective QTLs, a QTL on chromosome 10 showed a remarkable positive effect on the number of grains per panicle. Comparison of the putative QTLs identified in this study and previous studies indicated a wide genetic diversity between O. rufipogon accessions. 相似文献
14.
Toward An Optimum Return From Crop Plants 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The increasing world population and global climate change have made optimizing crop plant return both crucial and urgent. Furthermore, improved understanding of crop yield potential as well as the implementation of related crop management strategies might be important components of a new green revolution. Notably, grain size (weight) and grain number are both essential components of crop yield potential; great progress has recently been made in understanding the genetic and molecular regulation of these traits. This knowledge would be helpful for improving crop yields using traditional and marker-assisted selective breeding strategies combined with genetic modification of local elite varieties. 相似文献
15.
Tetsuya Takahashi Katsumi Shozugawa Motoyuki Matsuo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,208(1-4):165-172
Antimony, a known toxic element, is emitted into the environment by industrial processes. The objective of this research was to identify the components adsorbing antimony(V) in soils. Antimony(V) uptake by soil samples and synthesized allophane was measured by the spiking method. The phosphorous sorption coefficient of soil samples was measured and the amorphous index calculated. The antimony(V) adsorptive capacity of various soils, calculated from the uptake, indicated that Andosol soils rich in amorphous components have a high capacity of adsorption. A strong relationship was observed between the amorphous index and antimony(V) adsorptive capacity and also between the Fe/(Al + Fe) ratio and antimony(V) adsorptive capacity of synthesized allophane, thus indicating that the contribution of iron-related surface base groups is higher than the aluminol and silanol groups. Evidence supporting this result was obtained from an extraction experiment in which 34–92% of antimony(V) adsorbed by soil samples was bound to amorphous iron compounds. This research indicates that the adsorption of antimony(V) is closer to that of arsenic(III) than arsenic(V), which is of interest in considering the mobility of antimony in the environment. 相似文献
16.
根据纤维素、半纤维素、木质素在高温高压水中分解速度相差很大的特点，提出了一条稻壳资源化的新工艺，以便减少废弃物、最大限度地得到糖类化合物。新工艺主要包括连续水蒸汽蒸煮爆碎处理、连续近临界水处理和燃烧三步。研究了连续近临界水处理过程中温度和停留时间对液相分解产物的收率和残渣组成的影响，并得到了较优的操作条件。通过对新工艺中固形物组成变化的研究得知：水蒸汽蒸煮爆碎处理过程主要分解半纤维素，而连续近临界水处理同时水解纤维素和含硅化合物。新工艺可将约80%的碳源转化为水溶性物质，其中多聚糖和单糖的收率可达40%（wt）以上。新工艺为稻壳的全面综合利用提供了一条新途径。 相似文献
17.
Yoshida M Ono H Mori Y Chuda Y Mori M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(15):4377-4381
To understand conversion of bisphenol A and its related compounds under some chemical and biological environments, oxidation of these compounds was performed. Bisphenol A was oxidized to monoquinone and bisquinone derivatives by Fremy's salt, a radical oxidant; but salcomine and alkali did not catalyze the oxidation by molecular oxygen. Bisphenol A, bisphenol B, and 3,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bisphenol were converted to their monoquinone derivatives in the presence of oxygen and polyphenol oxidase from mushroom at 25 degrees C at pH 6.5. Among crude enzyme solutions of fruits and vegetables, potato, mushroom, eggplant, edible burdock, and yacon showed remarkable oxidative activity on bisphenol A. The highest activity was observed in potato, and the main product obtained by the enzymatic oxygenation was the monoquinone derivative of bisphenol A, accompanied by a small amount of the bisquinone derivative. The oxidation reactions found here will be useful for developing techniques for elimination of phenolic endocrine disrupters from the environment. 相似文献
18.
19.
Yusuke SATO&#x;O Katsuhiko OMOE Yasuko AIKAWA Mayuko KANO Hisaya K. ONO Dong-Liang HU Akio NAKANE Motoyuki SUGAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(7):1120
Staphylococcus aureus produces staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and causes food poisoning. It is known that almost all SE-encoding genes are present on various types of mobile genetic elements and can mobilize among S. aureus populations. Further, plasmids comprise one of SE gene carriers. Previously, we reported novel SEs, SES and SET, harbored by the plasmid pF5 from Fukuoka5. In the present study, we analyzed the distribution of these SEs in various S. aureus isolates in Japan. We used 526 S. aureus strains and found 311 strains positive for at least one SE/SE-like toxin gene, but only two strains (Fukuoka5 and Hiroshima3) were positive for ses and set among the specimens. We analyzed two plasmids (pF5 and pH3) from these strains and found that they were different. Whereas these plasmids partially shared similar sequences involved in the ser/selj/set/ses gene cluster, other sequences were different. A comparison of these plasmids with those deposited in the NCBI database revealed that only one plasmid had the ser/selj/set/ses cluster with a stop mutation in set similar to that in pH3. In addition, the chromosomes of Fukuoka5 and Hiroshima3, positive for ses and set, were classified into different genotypes. Despite the low rate of gene positivity for these SEs, it is suggested that there is diversity in plasmids and strains carrying these two SEs. Consequently, regarding the entire feature of SE prevalence, we improved the multiplex PCR detection method for the SE superfamily to obtain further insight. 相似文献
20.
Motoyuki Ishimori Hideki Takanashi Masaru Fujimoto Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae Junichi Yoneda Tsuyoshi Tokunaga Nobuhiro Tsutsumi Hiroyoshi Iwata 《Breeding Science》2021,71(4):444
According to Fisher’s principles, an experimental field is typically divided into multiple blocks for local control. Although homogeneity is supposed within a block, this assumption may not be practical for large blocks, such as those including hundreds of plots. In line evaluation trials, which are essential in plant breeding, field heterogeneity must be carefully treated, because it can cause bias in the estimation of genetic potential. To more accurately estimate genotypic values in a large field trial, we developed spatial kernel models incorporating genome-wide markers, which consider continuous heterogeneity within a block and over the field. In the simulation study, the spatial kernel models were robust under various conditions. Although heritability, spatial autocorrelation range, replication number, and missing plots directly affected the estimation accuracy of genotypic values, the spatial kernel models always showed superior performance over the classical block model. We also employed these spatial kernel models for quantitative trait locus mapping. Finally, using field experimental data of bioenergy sorghum lines, we validated the performance of the spatial kernel models. The results suggested that a spatial kernel model is effective for evaluating the genetic potential of lines in a heterogeneous field. 相似文献