Detection of Theileria ovis in naturally infected sheep by nested PCR     

Altay K  Dumanli N  Holman PJ  Aktas M 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,127(2):99-104

A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Theileria ovis in sheep using oligonucleotide primers designed from the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequence of T. ovis from sheep in eastern Turkey is described. A 398-bp DNA fragment was specifically amplified from blood samples from sheep, naturally infected with T. ovis. No PCR products resulted from T. lestoquardi, T. annulata, T. parva, T. buffeli and Babesia spp. DNA using these specific primers. The sensitivity of the nested PCR for T. ovis, which was assessed showed that one infected cell in 10(7) sheep erythrocytes, equivalent to a blood parasitemia of 0.00001%, could be detected. This is more sensitive than examining 200 fields under light microscopy. In addition, of the 124 field samples obtained from sheep in eastern Turkey tested, 19.35% (24/124) were positive for the presence of Theileria spp. by microscopic examination compared to 54.03% (67/124) positive for T. ovis by nested PCR. The primer pairs described in this study will be useful for epidemiological studies on ovine theileriosis and for discrimination between T. lestoquardi and T. ovis infections in sheep.  相似文献   

Iron-source preference of Staphylococcus aureus infections     

Skaar EP  Humayun M  Bae T  DeBord KL  Schneewind O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5690):1626-1628

Although bacteria use different iron compounds in vitGro, the possibility that microbes distinguish between these iron sources during infection has hitherto not been examined. We applied stable isotope labeling to detect source-specific iron by mass spectrometry and show that Staphylococcus aureus preferentially imports heme iron over transferrin iron. By combining this approach with computational genome analysis, we identified hts (heme transport system), a gene cluster that promotes preferred heme iron import by S. aureus. Heme iron scavenging by means of hts is required for staphylococcal pathogenesis in animal hosts, indicating that heme iron is the preferred iron source during the initiation of infection.  相似文献   

Agricultural water management and poverty linkages   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Regassa E. Namara  Munir A. Hanjra  Helle Munk Ravnborg  Barbara Van Koppen 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(4):520-527

Water is critically important to the livelihoods of more than 1 billion people living on less than $1 a day, particularly for the 850 million rural poor primarily engaged in agriculture. In many developing countries, water is a major factor constraining agricultural output, and income of the world's rural poor. Improved agricultural water management can contribute to poverty reduction through several pathways. First, access to reliable water improves production and productivity, enhances employment opportunities and stabilizes income and consumption. Secondly, it encourages the utilization of other yield-enhancing inputs and allows diversification into high-value products, enhances nonfarm outputs and employment, and fulfils multiple needs of households. Third, it may contribute either negatively or positively to nutritional status, health, societal equity and environment. The net impact of agricultural water management interventions on poverty may depend individually and/or synergistically on the working of these pathways. Improved access to water is essential, but not sufficient for sustained poverty reduction. Investments are needed in agricultural science and technology, policies and institutions, economic reform, addressing global agricultural trade inequities, etc. But how best to match the agricultural water management technologies, institutions and policies to the needs of the heterogeneous poor living in diverse agro-ecological settings remains unclear. This article provides a menu of promising pathways through which agricultural water management can contribute to sustained poverty reduction.  相似文献   

Properties and Composition of Concentrates and Syrup Obtained by Microfiltration of Saccharified Corn Starch Hydrolysate     

N. Singh  M. Cheryan 《Journal of Cereal Science》1998,27(3):315-320

Flow properties, clarity and composition of concentrates (retentates) and clarified syrup (permeates) obtained by membrane microfiltration of saccharified corn starch hydrolysate were determined. Clarified syrup (permeate) had low color and no suspended solids at all volume concentration ratios (VCRs) up to 100 X. The color and suspended solids in the concentrate increased linearly with increase in volume concentration ratio. Viscosity of the concentrates increased at higher VCR, but the viscosity of permeates remained essentially unchanged. The densities of all retentates and permeates were not significantly different from each other. Dextrose content of retentates and permeates at all VCRs did not change significantly during the microfiltration, averaging 28·90±1·01% w/w. Total solids, nitrogen, fat and ash content of the retentates increased with increase in VCR. In contrast, total solids, nitrogen, fat and ash of the permeates remained the same for all VCRs, averaging 29·44, 0·011, 0·07 and 0·042% respectively.  相似文献   

Phenotypic diversity of durum wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum durum</Emphasis> Desf.) from Jordan     

Nasab K. Rawashdeh  Nasri I. Haddad  Mohamad M. Al-Ajlouni  Munir A. Turk 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):129-138

Durum wheat landrace genotypes are disappearing from the main wheat areas in Jordan, because of spreading of new uniform cultivars and the serious reduction in wheat cultivation. This study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity in durum wheat landraces from Jordan and to identify desirable agronomic traits. Landraces were collected from two target areas: Ajloun and Karak. The collected material was grown under rainfed conditions using an augmented design with five blocks and four repeated check cultivars. Data were collected for 14 morphological and agronomic traits. Phenotypic diversity index (H′) was estimated, and the relationships among accessions were measured using cluster analysis and dendrogram similarity matrix. The results revealed the presence of a wide range of variability among landraces., which possess high levels of variability for biological yield, fertile tillers, number of seeds per spike, seed weight per spike and weight of 1000 seeds. These landraces must be considered as a reservoir of genes that plant breeders need in their wheat improvement programs and should be conserved both ex situ and in situ.  相似文献   

香蕉内生贝莱斯芽孢杆菌YX-11的分离鉴定与功能研究     

李万芹  何鹏飞  吴毅歆  何鹏搏  Shahzad Munir  孔宝华  李兴玉  何月秋 《江西农业学报》2021,33(12):8-13

为了找到安全有效的防控香蕉枯萎病的生防菌株,采用组织分离法从香蕉叶片中分离出内生细菌菌株YX-11.采用形态学、生物化学和16 S rDNA基因序列分析,该菌株被鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis.YX-11具有溶磷、解钾和固氮的能力,还可以促进香蕉的生长,能抑制10种植物病原菌,其中对香蕉枯萎病菌、烟草疫霉病菌和烟草赤星病菌的抑制率分别达71.30％、72.77％和72.19％.它的带菌苗结合生物有机肥施用,以及多次喷施对田间香蕉枯萎病的防治效果达75.56％.  相似文献   

Macronutrient deficiency and anatomic modifications in crambe leaves     

Munir Mauad  Rafaela Silva Santana  Hugo Henrique Mussury Silva  Pedro Henrique Altomar  Rosilda Mara Mussury Franco Silva  Antonio Carlos Tadeu Vitorino 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(18):2363-2372

Abstract

This study had the objective of assessing growth, deficiency symptoms and leaf anatomy of crambe plants submitted to macronutrient availability. The experimental design was the complete randomized with four replications. The first treatment consisted of cultivating crambe plants in a nutrient solution completed with N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S. Using the diagnosis by subtraction, the other treatments consisted of the same solution with individual omission of each nutrient, totaling seven treatments. Supplement of different solutions took place two weeks after emergence. One week forward, visual symptoms of deficiency started to be evaluated. By the end of the experiment, the number of leaves, number of branches, shoot dry matter and leaf anatomic parameters were evaluated. Nutrient deficiency limited shoot dry matter in the following order: N?>?Ca?>?P>Mg?>?S?>?K. Subtracting Ca from the solution was most limiting to crambe growth once plants did not even reach reproductive stages. Individual subtractions of each macronutrient anatomically altered crambe leaves, especially omitting Ca, K, and S, which reduced tissue thickness.  相似文献   

Growth and micronutrient acquisition of some apple varieties in response to gradual in vitro induced salinity     

Rida Shibli  Munir Mohammad  Abdullah Abu‐Ein  Mohammad Shatnawi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1209-1215

Growth and micronutrient acquisition of some apple (Malus dometsica Borkh) varieties (Galla, MM 111, MM I06, M 26, and M6 York) were studied under gradually in vitro induced NaCl (from 0, 50 to 100 mM) salinity. Microshoot dry weight tended to increase with increasing salinity level in all varieties except in M 26 and M6 York as some decline was obtained at 100 mM NaCl. Shoot proliferation was decreased significantly in Galla at 100 mM NaCl and at both salinity levels in M 26 compared to the control (0 mM). A significant decrease in shoot zinc (Zn) acquisition with increasing salinity level was obtained in all varieties except MM 111. M6 York and MM 111 decreased their copper (Cu) acquisition significantly at 50 mM NaCl and then increased at 100 mM salinity level. Meanwhile, a significant decrease in Cu acquisition with increasing NaCl concentration was obtained in Galla and M 26. Galla, MM 106, and M 26 showed a significant increase in manganese (Mn) acquisition at 50 mM NaCl followed by a decrease at 100 mM salinity level. On the other hand, Mn acquisition continued to decrease significantly in MM 111 while M6 York increased its Mn acquisition with increasing salinity. M 111 and M6 York showed a significant decrease in iron (Fe) acquisition at 50 mMNaCl followed by an increase at 100mM NaCl. Galla and M 26 continued to decrease Fe acquisition with elevated salinity level, whereas Fe in MM 106 increased with salinity.  相似文献   

Wastewater Re-Use for Croton in Substrates Amended with Zeolitic Tuff     

Nabila S. Karam  Mohammad Z. Jabr  Munir J. Mohammad 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):765-782

ABSTRACT

Treated wastewater was compared with tap water for irrigation of croton (Codiaeum variegatum Blume cv. ‘Petra’) in substrates consisting of 1 peat moss: 1 perlite (PP) or 1 soil: 1 sand (SS), alone or supplemented with zeolitic tuff at a ratio of 3:1 (PPZ and SSZ). Substrates were allowed to reach 80% of available water before the plants were irrigated with wastewater or tap water. Results indicated that neither water quality nor substrate affected plant width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, or root length or weight. Wastewater increased stem diameter; node and leaf number; tissue nitrogen (N); sodium (Na); and chloride (Cl); substrate electrical conductivity (EC); phosphorus (P); Na, Cl, and leachate EC; and concentrations of Na, Cl, NO₃ ^?, and NH₄ ⁺. Root count, tissue Na, substrate potassium (K) and Na, and leachate pH were higher for zeolite-containing substrates. Shoot dry weight and tissue contents of N and P were the highest for wastewater-irrigated PP and PPZ. Wastewater-irrigated plants in PP and tap water-irrigated plants in PPZ exhibited the highest K content. The highest level of tissue Cl was recorded for SS. Tap water-irrigated PPZ had the highest pH and K concentration. Wastewater-irrigated PP, PPZ, and SS exhibited the highest contents of N, Na, and Cl, respectively. Based on the results, amendment of the substrate with zeolitic tuff is recommended to offset the adverse effect of salinity associated with wastewater.  相似文献   

表面活性素促进枯草芽胞杆菌XF-1在大白菜叶际定殖能力研究     

何朋杰  #  崔文艳  #  何鹏飞  李兴玉  吴毅歆  SHAHZAD Munir  何月秋 《植物保护》2021,47(5):28-34

枯草芽胞杆菌XF-1是一株大白菜内生生防菌,通过叶面喷施的方式可有效防控大白菜根肿病,但其叶际定殖的分子机制尚不明确。为了明确表面活性素对XF-1在大白菜叶际定殖的影响,进一步提高其在田间应用效果,本研究通过测定生长曲线、泳动运动、群集运动和24孔细胞培养板静置培养试验,分析表面活性素对XF-1菌株生长速率、运动能力和生物膜形成水平的影响;利用叶片-微生物互作分析和定殖试验,测定XF-1及突变体XF-1-ΔsrfA在大白菜叶表黏附和植株内的定殖能力。结果表明,XF-1-ΔsrfA与XF-1相比生长曲线没有明显差异,泳动能力和群集运动能力分别显著下降了36.8%和43.9%,静置培养24 h后生物膜形成能力显著下降53.9%,48 h后无显著差异。叶片-微生物互作试验中,突变体标记菌XF-1-ΔsrfA-gfp黏附效率较XF-1-gfp约下降80%。喷施接种3~7 d后, XF-1-ΔsrfA-gfp相较于XF-1-gfp在大白菜叶片内和根系中的定殖数量均显著下降。试验结果表明表面活性素对枯草芽胞杆菌XF-1在大白菜叶际定殖具有较为明显的促进作用,srfA基因的缺失显著抑制XF-1的叶际定殖能力。  相似文献