Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for protein, tryptophan, and lysine evaluation in quality protein maize (QPM) breeding programs     

Rosales A  Galicia L  Oviedo E  Islas C  Palacios-Rojas N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(20):10781-10786

Quality protein maize (QPM) has approximately twice the tryptophan (Trp) and lysine (Lys) concentrations in protein compared to normal maize. Because several genetic systems control the protein quality of QPM, it is essential to regularly monitor Trp and/or Lys in breeding programs. Our objective was to examine the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to enhance the efficiency of QPM research efforts by partially replacing more expensive and time-consuming wet chemistry analysis. More than 276 maize samples were used to develop NIRS models for protein content (PC), Trp, and Lys. The standard error of prediction (SEP) for the calibration and the coefficient of determination for validation (R(2)(v)) were 0.26 and 0.96 for PC, 0.005 and 0.85 for Trp, and 0.02 and 0.75 for Lys. When the NIRS models were used to evaluate 266 S2 lines from five QPM breeding populations, the coefficients of determination between NIRS and the chemical data were 0.94, 0.76, and 0.80 for PC, Trp, and Lys, respectively. Therefore, the NIRS models can be used to support the QPM breeding efforts.  相似文献   

Enterotoxaemia in water buffaloes caused by Clostridium perfringens type A     

E E Worrall  L Natalia  P Ronohardjo  S Partoutomo 《The Veterinary record》1987,121(12):278-279

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First report of grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 on peony plants in Ukraine     

Mishchenko  Lidiya T.  Konup  Liudmila O.  Dunich  Alina A.  Gorobets  Vasyl F.  Konup  Anastasia I.  Zaimenko  Natalia V.  Kozub  Natalia O.  Dashchenko  Anna V.  Chistyakova  Violeta. L.  Shcherbakova  Tetiana O.  Sovinska  Roksolana S. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2023,130(1):189-198

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In summer 2021, six varieties of peony plants exhibiting severe leaf rolling and deformation, as well as severe plant dwarfism and mosaics were observed...  相似文献   

Identification of a third feline Demodex species through partial sequencing of the 16S rDNA and frequency of Demodex species in 74 cats using a PCR assay          下载免费PDF全文

Diana Ferreira  Natalia Sastre  Iván Ravera  Laura Altet  Olga Francino  Mar Bardagí  Lluís Ferrer 《Veterinary dermatology》2015,26(4):239-e53

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Haematological effects of 2‐phenoxyethanol and etomidate in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)          下载免费PDF全文

Malgorzata Witeska  Joanna Dudyk  Natalia Jarkiewicz 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(5):537-546

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of handling alone versus handling under anaesthesia with 2-phenoxyethanol or etomidate on haematological parameters in carp.Study designProspective, randomized, laboratory experiment.AnimalsSeventy-two juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) weighing 35.9 ± 10.4 g were divided into six groups of 12 fish.MethodsEither 2-phenoxyethanol or 2% etomidate were administered to induce deep anaesthesia (0.3 mL L⁻¹ and 0.6 mL L⁻¹, respectively) or deep sedation (0.15 mL L⁻¹ and 0.3 mL L⁻¹, respectively). Fish were handled with and without sedation. Blood was sampled at 1 hour and 1 week post-treatment. Phagocyte oxidative activity [nitrotetrazolium blue reduction test (NBT)] and differential erythrocyte [red blood cell (RBC)] and leukocyte (white blood cell) counts were evaluated.ResultsAt 1 hour after the induction of anaesthesia, haematocrit (Ht) and haemoglobin (Hb) were increased in fish anaesthetized with 2-phenoxyethanol, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) was increased in fish anaesthetized with etomidate. At 1 week, an increase in RBC, erythroblastosis, erythrocyte damage, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, monocytosis and thrombocytosis occurred in both groups. Red blood parameters did not change 1 hour after handling alone, but after 1 week Ht, Hb and mean cell volume decreased, whereas MCH concentration (MCHC) and abnormal erythrocytes increased. Lymphopenia, neutrophilia, monocytosis, thrombocytosis and a decrease in NBT occurred. Fish handled under sedation showed an increase in Hb and MCHC followed by a decrease at 1 week in Ht, Hb and MCH, erythroblastosis and increased abnormal erythrocytes. Lymphopenia and neutrophilia were less pronounced than in fish handled without sedation, but a decrease in NBT was noted at 1 week post-treatment.Conclusions and clinical relevanceDeep anaesthesia with 2-phenoxyethanol or etomidate induced significant haematological alterations in juvenile carp. Deep sedation reduced the immediate immunosuppressive effects of handling but did not eliminate longterm effects. These anaesthetics should be avoided during experimental procedures involving haematological measurements. In contexts that require the short-term handling of carp, these drugs should be used with caution in view of their possible side effects.  相似文献   

Lipids and Fatty Acids of Nudibranch Mollusks: Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds     

Natalia V. Zhukova 《Marine drugs》2014,12(8):4578-4592

The molecular diversity of chemical compounds found in marine animals offers a good chance for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds of unique structures and diverse biological activities. Nudibranch mollusks, which are not protected by a shell and produce chemicals for various ecological uses, including defense against predators, have attracted great interest for their lipid composition. Lipid analysis of eight nudibranch species revealed dominant phospholipids, sterols and monoalkyldiacylglycerols. Among polar lipids, 1-alkenyl-2-acyl glycerophospholipids (plasmalogens) and ceramide-aminoethyl phosphonates were found in the mollusks. The fatty acid compositions of the nudibranchs differed greatly from those of other marine gastropods and exhibited a wide diversity: very long chain fatty acids known as demospongic acids, a series of non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids, including unusual 21:2∆7,13, and an abundance of various odd and branched fatty acids typical of bacteria. Symbiotic bacteria revealed in some species of nudibranchs participate presumably in the production of some compounds serving as a chemical defense for the mollusks. The unique fatty acid composition of the nudibranchs is determined by food supply, inherent biosynthetic activities and intracellular symbiotic microorganisms. The potential of nudibranchs as a source of biologically active lipids and fatty acids is also discussed.  相似文献   

Echinochrome A Protects Mitochondrial Function in Cardiomyocytes against Cardiotoxic Drugs     

Seung Hun Jeong  Hyoung Kyu Kim  In-Sung Song  Seon Joong Lee  Kyung Soo Ko  Byoung Doo Rhee  Nari Kim  Natalia P. Mishchenko  Sergey A. Fedoryev  Valentin A. Stonik  Jin Han 《Marine drugs》2014,12(5):2922-2936

Echinochrome A (Ech A) is a naphthoquinoid pigment from sea urchins that possesses antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and chelating abilities. Although Ech A is the active substance in the ophthalmic and cardiac drug Histochrome^®, its underlying cardioprotective mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the protective role of Ech A against toxic agents that induce death of rat cardiac myoblast H9c2 cells and isolated rat cardiomyocytes. We found that the cardiotoxic agents tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP, organic reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer), sodium nitroprusside (SNP; anti-hypertension drug), and doxorubicin (anti-cancer drug) caused mitochondrial dysfunction such as increased ROS level and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Co-treatment with Ech A, however, prevented this decrease in membrane potential and increase in ROS level. Co-treatment of Ech A also reduced the effects of these cardiotoxic agents on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate level. These findings indicate the therapeutic potential of Ech A for reducing cardiotoxic agent-induced damage.  相似文献   

Cost efficient potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) cultivar identification by microsatellite amplification     

Natalia Norero  Julieta Malleville  Marcelo Huarte  Sergio Feingold 《Potato Research》2002,45(2-4):131-138

Potato cultivar identification is of great importance for seed production, germplasm management and breeders’ right protection. This study identified four SSRs necessary to discriminate between 37 commercially important potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) cultivars from INTA and other origins, frequently used in Argentina and neighbouring countries. Their PIC values ranged from 0.63 to 0.73 and separation was performed using high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis. The clear patterns obtained and the low cost and simplicity of the technique makes it an ideal tool for routine and effective potato cultivar identification.  相似文献   

Capillary gas chromatography with atomic emission detection for pesticide analysis in soil samples   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Viñas P  Campillo N  López-García I  Aguinaga N  Hernández-Córdoba M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(13):3704-3708

A method for the simultaneous determination of 10 pesticides (organochlorines, organophosphorus compounds, and pyrethrins) in soils using capillary gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC-AED) is reported. Soil samples are first "cleaned-up" with 25 mL of an ascorbic acid solution (pH 2.15). The aqueous phase is extracted with ethyl acetate, and the solid residue is then extracted twice with 10 mL of ethyl acetate. The three resultant organic extracts are combined, concentrated to dryness, and reconstituted in 1 mL of acetone. The pesticides are selectively detected by monitoring chlorine and bromine in the first run and sulfur emission line wavelength in the second run. Each chromatographic run takes 19 min. Detection limits are between 25 and 75 pg, depending on the compound, which corresponds to 1.7 and 5.0 ng/g in the soil samples, respectively. Recoveries of the pesticides from spiked preparations result in an overall mean recovery of 95.3% (n = 120) at fortification levels ranging from 10 to 60 ng/g, depending on the compound. The method is reliable and can be useful for routine monitoring in soils.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity and origin of cultivated potatoes based on plastid microsatellite polymorphism     

Tatjana Gavrilenko  Olga Antonova  Anna Shuvalova  Ekaterina Krylova  Natalia Alpatyeva  David M. Spooner  Lubov Novikova 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(7):1997-2015

The origin of cultivated potatoes has remaining questions. In this study, 237 accessions of all cultivated species and 155 accessions of wild species closely related to cultivated potatoes, including their putative ancestors, were analyzed using 15 plastid microsatellites (SSRs) to investigate genetic diversity and their relationships with the wild species. We here used polymorphic plastid SSRs we developed from potato plastid genome sequences as well as already known plastid SSR markers. All 15 loci were polymorphic and identified a total of 127 haplotypes. Dramatic decreases in levels of genetic diversity were revealed in landraces in comparison with wild ancestor species. The plastid SSR results showed a decrease in haplotype number and diversity from Peru to both north and south. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct groups. One of them, group A, contained the majority of accessions of cultivated species of the Solanum tuberosum Andigenum group including all accessions of cultivated diploid and triploid cytotypes of this group (S. chaucha, S. phureja, and S. stenotomum by a former taxonomic system) and most of tetraploid accessions of the S. tuberosum Andigenum group (S. tuberosum subsp. andigenum), and the majority of accessions of wild ancestors from the northern members of the S. brevicaule complex. Another group B comprised most of the wild species accessions and almost exclusively hybrid cultivated species which have introgressed plastid genomes from the other wild gene pools. Lack of clustering of traditional cultivated species (as used above) support a revised group classification of S. tuberosum.  相似文献