Effect of progesterone on ovulation in the hypophysectomised hen     

T. Nakada  Z. Koja  K. Tanaka 《British poultry science》1994,35(1):153-156

1. One hundred and seven laying hens were hypophysec‐tomised to clarify the relationship between hypophysectomy and the effect of progesterone (P4) on ovulation.

2. Hens were hypophysectomised at 6 intervals from 4.5 to 11.0 h before the expected time of ovulation. Ovulation occurred in the hens operated on from 4.5 to 7.3 h, but did not take place in birds operated on from 9.2 to 9.8 h before the expected time of ovulation.

3. When a single dose of P4 (2 mg/hen) was injected iv immediately after the removal of the anterior pituitary from 7.5 to 9.8 h before the expected time of ovulation, ovulation was induced. However, the percentage of hens responding decreased in proportion to the lapse of time between the hypophysectomy and the expected time of ovulation. No ovulation was induced in hens which were hypophysectomized and given P4 10.2 to 11.0 h before the expected time of ovulation.

4. It is suggested that ovulation is induced by P4 alone possibly in the absence of preovulatory gonadotrophins and that P4 acts directly on the ovary to induce follicle rupture.  相似文献   

In ever widening circles: Osler's influence on veterinary medicine in Sweden          下载免费PDF全文

Saunders LZ 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(7):431-435

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The role of autotoxins from root residues of the previous crop in the replant disease of asparagus     

W. J. Blok  G. J. Bollen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(3):29-40

Replant disease is a common phenomenon in asparagus growing in the Netherlands. It is distinct from the decline phenomenon reported from many other asparagus producing area’s. The involvement of autotoxins from root residues of former asparagus crops was evaluated. Residues of aspar agus roots decompose extremely slowly. At two locations, each with fields where asparagus production was terminated 1 and 10 years before, biomass of root residues was 4180 and 11060 kg dw ha^?1 after 1 year and 420 and 1140 kg dw ha^?1 after 10 years.Although 10-year-old residues were for the greater part decomposed, crude aqueous extracts inhibited root growth of asparagus seedlings significantly and even more of garden cress. In root observation boxes with field soil mixed with non-sterilized or sterilized asparagus root fragments, growth of secondary roots was inhibited. Non-sterilized strawberry roots did not inhibit root growth, suggesting that effects of organic matter were not involved. In a pot experiment, sterilized asparagus root fragments inhibited root growth when added at a rate of 20 g1^?1, but not a 2 g1^?1 Addition of non-sterilized root fragments strongly inhibited root growth at both levels. This was probably due to simultaneous infection byFusarium oxysporum present in these residues. When an asparagus field is replanted, the amount of root residues left behind in soil after termination of the crop in the previous season is about 2 g dw 1^?1, that corresponds to approx. 11000 kg dw ha^?1. This level is too low for considering direct growth inhibition by autotoxins as a major factor. Their possible indirect effects are briefly discussed.  相似文献   

Histochemistry of gland cells of Eurytrema pancreaticum cercariae.     

Z Zdárská 《Folia parasitologica》1979,26(3):259-263

The cercariae of Eurytrema pancreaticum (Janson, 1889) possess four types of gland cells - proper cystogenic, penetration, ventral and dorsal gland cells. The secretion of ventral and dorsal gland cells is released into the tegument. The proper cystogenic gland cells are the largest and their contents serve for the formation of the cyst wall of metacercariae in the second intermediate host. The secretion of proper cystogenic gland cells contains besides neutral mucosubstances also acid mucosubstances with both carboxyl- and sulphogroups digestible with beta-glucuronidase. The secretion of penetration gland cells contains neutral mucosubstances and proteins with tyrosine, tryptophan and SS groups. The ventral gland cells contain mostly acid mucosubstances with sulphogroups, which are digested with beta-glucuronidase, and proteins with tyrosine, tryptophan and SH groups. The rudimentary dorsal gland cells contain a small amount of acid mucosubstances. The whole tegument of cercariae and the two main collecting canals of the excretory system exhibit a high alkaline phosphatase activity. The nerve ring and the main nerve truncs contain proteins with SH groups and hydrophilic lipids and exhibit a cholinesterase activity. The suckers contain a larger amount of glycogen.  相似文献   

小麦丛矮病研究之三:灰飞虱同发病的关系     

蔡祝南  魏德忠  林志亮  杨莉  梅汝鸿  裘维蕃 《植物保护学报》1979,6(2):35-46

1976—1977年河北晋县贺家寨大队小麦春季灰飞虱的传带病毒率为31—52%,不同地块同代灰飞虱的带毒率异差较大:而秋苗期则为12—35.4%,其中不同地块上同代(四代成虫)灰飞虱的带毒率的差异从33.3%至35.4%则不太大。灰飞虱的有效传毒指数(即虫口数×自然带毒率)同田间小麦发病率的相关性是非常显著的,其r=0.9769。1975—1976两年调查及计算分析结果,其直线回归公式如y=4.12x-2.577。在有效传毒指数0.7—20.9之间用于予测发病率有效。人工分期侵染试验证明小麦在生长发育过程中受侵愈早,病情愈重,其中死株率也愈大。秋季侵染的死株率达95.6%,病指为99.6;夏季侵染的死株率为0,病指为57.6。秋季小麦出苗前后的大量虫口形成小麦10月中下旬的一个发病高峰,第二年春季4月中旬的虫口高峰形成5月上旬的一个发病高峰。3月下旬的一个发病高峰是越冬前受侵的。病毒在小麦植株中的潜育期的长短随小麦的生长速度而异。温度不过其中因素之一,最短5—8天,最长30—40天。侵染后如小麦进入越冬期,即不表现症状,一直要到返青以后。介体灰飞虱在河北晋县以第五代3—4龄若虫在冬麦地及草荒中越冬。夏季在玉米上可以产卵并孵化,但不能长期存活,主要在地头沟边及夏作物荫蔽下的禾草上越夏。冬麦治虫防病的重点应在秋季麦苗出土前,春季则应在3月中旬左右。冬麦适当推迟播种有利于减少发病率。棉间作麦比平作的病情重六倍而粮麦间作的病情比平作的重九倍。  相似文献   

Effect of gradual acclimation to high ambient temperatures on egg‐shell quality of the Sinai Bedouin fowl,the commercial white leghorn and their crossbreds     

Z. Arad  J. Marder 《British poultry science》1982,23(2):113-119

1. The effect of gradual acclimation to high ambient temperatures on egg‐shell quality was studied in the Sinai fowl, the commercial White Leghorn, and their reciprocal crossbreds.

2. The Leghorn egg was characterised by a thinner and weaker shell compared with the Sinai and the crossbreds, at all the experimental temperatures.

3. In contrast to other reports, high ambient temperatures for a long period had only mild effects on egg‐shell quality.

4. The results suggest that gradual acclimation to high ambient temperatures might improve the efficiency of the physiological mechanisms involved in the hen's response to heat. Consequently, the reproductive process adapts to the hot environmental conditions.

5. The results indicate that the Sinai breed might be used for future selection of a breed, highly resistant to extreme environmental conditions and with an improved shell quality.  相似文献   

‘Plantibodies’: a flexible approach to design resistance against pathogens     

A. Schots  J. De Boer  A. Schouten  J. Roosien  J. F. Zil Verentant  H. Pomp  L. Bouwman-Smits  H. Overmars  F. J. Gommers  B. Visser  W. J. Stiekema  J. Bakker 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):183-191

Engineering resistance against various diseases and pests is hampered by the lack of suitable genes. To overcome this problem we started a research program aimed at obtaining resistance by transfecting plants with genes encoding monoclonal antibodies against pathogen specific proteins. The idea is that monoclonal antibodies will inhibit the biological activity of molecules that are essential for the pathogenesis. Potato cyst nematodes are chosen as a model and it is thought that monoclonal antibodies are able to block the function of the saliva proteins of this parasite. These proteins are, among others, responsible for the induction of multinucleate transfer cells upon which the nematode feeds. It is well documented that the ability of antibodies to bind molecules is sufficient to inactivate the function of an antigen and in view of the potential of animals to synthesize antibodies to almost any molecular structure, this strategy should be feasible for a wide range of diseases and pests.Antibodies have several desirable features with regard to protein engineering. The antibody (IgG) is a Y-shaped molecule, in which the domains forming the tips of the arms bind to antigen and those forming the stem are responsible for triggering effector functions (Fc fragments) that eliminate the antigen from the animal. Domains carrying the antigen-binding loops (Fv and Fab fragments) can be used separately from the Fc fragments without loss of affinity. The antigen-binding domains can also be endowed with new properties by fusing them to toxins or enzymes. Antibody engineering is also facilitated by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A systematic comparison of the nucleotide sequence of more than 100 antibodies revealed that not only the 3′-ends, but also the 5′-ends of the antibody genes are relatively conserved. We were able to design a small set of primers with restriction sites for forced cloning, which allowed the amplification of genes encoding antibodies specific for the saliva proteins ofGlobodera rostochiensis. Complete heavy and light chain genes as well as single chain Fv fragments (scFv), in which the variable parts of the light (V_L) and heavy chain (V_H) are linked by a peptide, will be transferred to potato plants. A major challenge will be to establish a correct expression of the antibody genes with regard to three dimensional folding, assembly and intracellular location.  相似文献   

The biochemical basis of resistance of potato to soft rot bacteria     

G. D. Lyon  J. Heilbronn  R. S. Forrest  D. J. Johnston 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):127-133

Evidence is presented that a number of mechanisms are involved in the resistance of commercial cultivars of potato to soft rottingErwinia spp. These include phytoalexins, phenolics, cell wall modification, and possibly proteins. The role of elicitor-active oligogalacturonides, which are released from plant cell walls by pectic enzymes, is discussed.  相似文献   

Pelargonium flower-break and pelargonium line pattern viruses in the Netherlands; purification,antiserum preparation,serological identification,and detection in pelargonium by ELISA     

I. Bouwen  D. Z. Maat 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):141-156

Two viruses, detected frequently in the Netherlands in pelargonium, were identified by serology and test plant reactions. Antisera were prepared and an ELISA procedure was developed to detect the viruses in pelargonium.One of the viruses, PFBV-N, proved to be pelargonium flower-break virus. With the antiserum to PFBV-N, it could be detected reliably throughout the year inPelargonium zonale Springtime Irene.The other virus, PLPV-N, was serologically closely related to pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV) and to pelargonium ring pattern virus (PRPV), as were an old virus isolate from Saturnus, collected in the Netherlands in 1971 (L128), and PLPV isolates from Yugoslavia (PLPV-Y) and Denmark (PLPV-D). There were only minor differences in host-plant reactions between the virus isolates. Based on these tests, PLPV and PRPV are considered as isolates of the same virus, for which, for practical reasons, the name pelargonium line pattern virus is proposed.PLPV could be reliably detected by ELISA inP. zonale Springtime Irene and Amanda throughout the year with only a few exceptions. InPelargonium peltatum Tavira, however, reslts were erratic due to uneven distribution of virus in the plant. Best results were obtained when petioles of fully expanded leaves were tested.  相似文献   

New predators for biocontrol under glass     

R. J. Chambers  S. Long 《Phytoparasitica》1992,20(1):S57-S60

Several species ofOrius are under investigation in the UK, Europe and North America for the biological control of thrips, especially western flower thrips(Frankliniella occidentalis). The available species are briefly compared and findings on effectiveness and oviposition ofO. laevigatus are reported.  相似文献