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51.
Weisstaub NV Zhou M Lira A Lambe E González-Maeso J Hornung JP Sibille E Underwood M Itohara S Dauer WT Ansorge MS Morelli E Mann JJ Toth M Aghajanian G Sealfon SC Hen R Gingrich JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5786):536-540
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] neurotransmission in the central nervous system modulates depression and anxiety-related behaviors in humans and rodents, but the responsible downstream receptors remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that global disruption of 5-HT2A receptor (5HT2AR) signaling in mice reduces inhibition in conflict anxiety paradigms without affecting fear-conditioned and depression-related behaviors. Selective restoration of 5HT2AR signaling to the cortex normalized conflict anxiety behaviors. These findings indicate a specific role for cortical 5HT2AR function in the modulation of conflict anxiety, consistent with models of cortical, "top-down" influences on risk assessment. 相似文献
52.
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) coinfections in US field cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
F J Pallarés P G Halbur T Opriessnig S D Sorden D Villar B H Janke M J Yaeger D J Larson K J Schwartz K J Yoon L J Hoffman 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(6):515-519
The prevalence of different pathogens detected in combination with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) was studied retrospectively in field cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) diagnosed at the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, between January 2000, and September 2001. The presence of PCV-2 antigen in lymphoid tissues and/or lung, demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, together with moderate to severe lymphoid depletion and/or granulomatous lymphadenitis, was used as the criteria for the diagnosis of PMWS. A total of 484 cases fulfilled these criteria. Most of the cases (294/369) of PMWS occurred in pigs between the ages of 8 and 18 weeks, with a peak at 10 weeks of age. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was detected in 51.9% of the cases, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in 35.5%, bacterial septicemia in 14.0%, bacterial pneumonia in 7.6%, swine influenza virus in 5.4%, and PCV-2 alone in 1.9%. In cases with bacterial septicemia the most frequently isolated pathogen was Streptococcus suis. In cases with bacterial pneumonia, Pasteurella multocida was the most prevalent. 相似文献
53.
Gil L Saura S Echegaray A Martinez F de Blas I Akourki A Gonzalez N Espinosa E Josa A 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2005,53(2):241-248
The present study evaluated the effect of supplementing the medium used to mature equine oocytes in vitro with oestrous mare serum (EMS) or horse follicular fluid (HFF). To this end, 144 ovaries were obtained from mares aged 16-21 months and transported to the laboratory in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (D-PBS) at 30 degrees C. Oocytes were harvested from the ovaries by slicing, and then selected for in vitro maturation (IVM) according to the number of cumulus cell layers and the characteristics of the cytoplasm. The selected oocytes were washed three times in TCM199 medium plus HEPES (TCM-199H) or in the same medium plus glutamine (TCM-199G), then matured in vitro in six study groups established according to the in vitro maturation (IVM) treatment to see possible interactions between HEPES and glutamine on other supplements: Ten percent EMS was added to two of these media (TCM-199H+EMS and TCM-199G+EMS) and 10% HFF was added to the media in two other groups (TCM-199H+HFF and TCM-199G+HFF). IVM was performed at 38.5 degrees C for 40 h in a controlled atmosphere (5% CO2, 95% relative humidity). The findings indicate that the presence of EMS or HFF in the TCM-199H medium gives rise to the best results in terms of the proportions of oocytes reaching maturity (37.7% and 36.8%, respectively). The values obtained with EMS and HFF were statistically similar to each other but differed from the other treatments. The media containing glutamine led to the highest proportions of degenerated oocytes. 相似文献
54.
Halbur RG Pallarés FJ Rathje JA Evans R Hagemoser WA Paul PS Meng XJ 《The Veterinary record》2002,151(12):344-348
Seventy five-week-old, crossbred, caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were randomly divided into five groups of 14 pigs and assigned one of five treatments: the intranasal inoculation of 1 (5.7) TCID50 of one of four plaque-purified isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (VR2385, VR2431, ISU-984 and ISU-22), or uninfected cell culture and media. Haematological variables were measured for 21 days and bone marrow was analysed when the pigs were killed three, seven, 10, 21 or 28 days after the inoculation. The PRRSV-infected pigs had non-regenerative anaemia and markedly increased myeloid:erythroid ratios from three to 21 days after inoculation. There was a significant (P < 0.05) difference in the severity of the anaemia induced by the four PRRSV isolates; the most highly pneumovirulent strains (VR2385, ISU-984 and ISU-22) induced more severe anaemia than the least virulent isolate (VR2431). The anaemia induced by PRRSV was probably due to a direct or indirect effect on erythroid precursor cells in the bone marrow. 相似文献
55.
Bernabé A Gómez MA Seva J Vásquez F Pallarés FJ Serrano J 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2000,29(1):13-18
The influence of lactation period and weaning on the distribution, number, and structure of somatotropic cells (GH cells) in ewes was studied using immunocytochemical procedures for light and electron microscopy, as well as morphometric and stereological techniques. The adenohypophyseal gland of 12 ewes of the Segureña breed in different stages of milk production and weaning was studied, while three ewes in anoestrus served as controls. The size of secretory granules was heterogeneous in all stages, suggesting that this characteristic is not related to functional activity. During lactation and weaning the size of GH cells decreased, while the number of ‘synthesis cells’ increased. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex appeared more developed and small secretory granules showed lower gold particle labelling. These data suggest that GH cells are more active during lactation, particularly during late lactation. 相似文献
56.
Requirement of hippocampal neurogenesis for the behavioral effects of antidepressants 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Santarelli L Saxe M Gross C Surget A Battaglia F Dulawa S Weisstaub N Lee J Duman R Arancio O Belzung C Hen R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5634):805-809
Various chronic antidepressant treatments increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but the functional importance of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, using genetic and radiological methods, we show that disrupting antidepressant-induced neurogenesis blocks behavioral responses to antidepressants. Serotonin 1A receptor null mice were insensitive to the neurogenic and behavioral effects of fluoxetine, a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor. X-irradiation of a restricted region of mouse brain containing the hippocampus prevented the neurogenic and behavioral effects of two classes of antidepressants. These findings suggest that the behavioral effects of chronic antidepressants may be mediated by the stimulation of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. 相似文献
57.
Simone Tenan Noelia Hernndez Holly Fearnbach Renaud de Stephanis Philippe Verborgh Daniel Oro 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(5):949-958
- The Strait of Gibraltar is an important habitat for cetaceans due to its high marine productivity. However, it is also the second most navigated channel in the world, subjecting cetaceans to a high level of vessel traffic, including an established whale‐watching fleet. Both maritime traffic and whale‐watching activities have been shown to impact the behaviour of cetaceans, but little is known about their impact on the demography and dynamics of cetacean populations.
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of both ferry traffic and whale‐watching vessels on the apparent survival probability of a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population that occurs in the Strait.
- A Bayesian hierarchical mark–recapture modelling approach was applied to 8 years of photo‐identification data (2002–2009). Apparent annual survival probability was negatively correlated with ferry traffic, which explained >70% of temporal variation in survival, in contrast to whale‐watching, the effect of which was almost negligible. Despite these results, other natural and human‐related factors are likely to drive apparent survival in the study area.
- Abundance increased between 2002 and 2005, and then decreased between 2006 and 2009, while local per‐capita recruitment decreased from 2004 until the end of the study period. These shifts correlated temporally with the construction of a large harbour on the Moroccan coast, which increased maritime traffic significantly, including a 40% increase in ferry traffic that regularly transited the Strait.
- These results highlight the need to better understand the impact of maritime traffic on the demography of the dolphin population in the Strait, in order to implement evidence‐based conservation regulations in a region of high cetacean occurrence.
58.
Schlutt B Moran N Schieberle P Hofmann T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(23):9634-9645
Aimed at defining the chemical nature of creaminess-related flavor compounds in dairy products on a molecular level, a full-fat cream was analyzed for sensorially active volatiles and semivolatiles by means of activity-guided screening techniques. Application of the aroma extract dilution analysis on an aroma distillate prepared from pasteurized cream (30% fat) revealed delta-decalactone, (Z)-6-dodeceno-gamma-lactone, gamma-dodecalactone, delta-dodecalactone, and 3-methylindole with by far the highest flavor dilution (FD) factors among the 34 odor-active volatiles identified. Using a complementary approach involving silica column chromatography and fractionated high-vacuum distillation combined with sensory experiments enabled the additional identification of delta-tetradecalactone, delta-hexadecalactone, gamma-tetradecalactone, gamma-hexadecalactone, and delta-octadecalactone as semivolatile flavor components in the cream fat. Although a series of lactones is present in dairy cream, spiking of cream samples with individual lactones revealed that only the delta-tetradecalactone is able to enhance the typical retronasal creamy flavor of the product when added in amounts above its threshold level of 66 micromol/kg. Rather than contributing to the retronasal aroma of cream, first evidence was found that, particularly, gamma- and delta-octadecalactones and gamma- and delta-eicosalactones are able to influence the melting behavior of cream in the oral cavity. 相似文献
59.
Pallarés Noelia Berrada Houda Fernández-Franzón Mónica Ferrer Emilia 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(3):362-368
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Medicinal plants are often consumed as infusions with boiled water. Scarce information is available in the literature about the migration of mycotoxins into the... 相似文献