Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) in pig faeces from slaughterhouses in Spain     

Herrero IA  Teshager T  Garde J  Moreno MA  Domínguez L 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2000,47(4):255-262

A study to estimate the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in faecal samples from pigs at slaughterhouses in Spain was carried out between November 1998 and January 1999 with 900 samples taken from four abattoirs representing 9.7% of all pig slaughtered in 1998. Using a selective enrichment broth with vancomycin (8 μg/ml), 64 samples (7.1%; 95% CI: 5.5, 9.0%) had E. faecium vancomycin-resistant strains that showed minimal inhibitory concentrations of 256 μg/ml (62 strains) and 512 μg/ml (two strains). Results by farm showed that 43 of the 240 pig farms represented in the sampling had at least one faecal sample with vancomycin-resistant E. faecium.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical detection of p53 tumor-suppressor protein is a poor indicator of prognosis for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors     

Ginn PE  Fox LE  Brower JC  Gaskin A  Kurzman ID  Kubilis PS 《Veterinary pathology》2000,37(1):33-39

Eighty-three canine cutaneous mast cell tumors were graded histologically and evaluated immunohistochemically for p53 tumor-suppressor protein expression. An avidin-biotin immunohistochemical protocol incorporated a rabbit polyclonal antibody (CM-1) directed against normal and mutant p53 protein. Positive staining was observed in 44.6% (37/83) of tumors and included 50% (12/24) of grade I (well differentiated) tumors, 46.9% (23/49) of grade II (intermediate differentiation) tumors, and 20% (2/10) of grade III (poorly differentiated) tumors. A statistically significantly higher proportion (P < 0.019) of tumors from the head and neck (83.3%, 10/12), stained positive for p53 than tumors from the thorax, back, abdomen, and axilla (39.4%, 13/33), legs (35.7%, 10/28), or prepuce, scrotal, or inguinal areas (44.4%, 4/9). No statistically significant difference between p53 labeling and histologic grade, breed, or tumor size was present. Survival data were available for 53/83 (63.9%) of dogs. Positive reactivity for p53 was observed in 47% (25/53) of tumors within this group, with 57.9% (11/19) of grade I, 43.3% (13/30) of grade II, and 25% (1/4) of grade III tumors labeled. Mean survival time for the 53 dogs was 12.1 months. The median survival time for dogs with grade III tumors or tumors >5 cm was statistically significantly shorter (P < 0.0001) than for dogs with grades I and II or smaller tumors. Although p53 protein abnormalities may play a role in tumor development or behavior in some canine cutaneous mast cell tumors, immunoreactivity was not associated with lack of tumor differentiation, tumor locations previously shown to demonstrate aggressive biological behavior, breed predisposition, or survival times.  相似文献   

A comparison of the cytologic and histologic features of meningiomas in four dogs     

Zimmerman KL  Bender HS  Boon GD  Prater MR  Thorn CE  Prater D  Robertson JL  Saunders GK  Sponenberg DP  Inzana KD  Lanz OI  Wright E 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2000,29(1):29-34

Abstract: The cytologic and histologic features of 2 intracranial and 2 spinal (extramedullary cervical) canine meningiomas were compared. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in 2 cases revealed mild, mixed cell pleocytosis, primarily composed of small lymphocytes and monocytoid cells, with a moderate increase in total protein concentration. Cytologic features suggestive of meningioma included cells with both epithelial and mes-enchymal characteristics and a tendency towards cell clustering. Tumor location also was useful in making a diagnosis. The 4 meningiomas differed histologically from one another, and included angioblastic, psam-momatous, meningotheliomatous, and microcystic anaplastic types, which conformed to a classification scheme for human meningiomas. The classification scheme could not be applied to cytologic specimens.  相似文献   

Formation of a secondary corpus luteum after ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration in cows     

Amiridis GS  Robertson L  Jeffcoate IA  Belibasaki S  Boyd JS  O'Shaughnessy PJ 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2000,48(2):193-198

This paper reports the observed formation of a secondary corpus luteum (CL) in the presence of the cyclic corpus luteum, on the ovaries of a cow after ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration for oocyte recovery. The secondary structure, although smaller and lighter (4.97 g vs. 6.02 g) than the natural one, had the typical macroscopic appearance of a corpus luteum. Histological examination of the structure using electron microscopy revealed typical structural features of a natural CL. Mean tissue progesterone concentration was significantly lower in the secondary CL (31.15 +/- 3.11 compared with 58.29 +/- 6.32 micrograms/g tissue of the cyclic CL) and oestradiol-17 beta significantly higher than in the natural CL (108 +/- 11.6 compared with 74.2 +/- 7.81 pg/g tissue). P450scc and P450(17 alpha) mRNA was detected in both structures while P450arom and full-length mRNA FSH receptor were detected only in the secondary structure.  相似文献   

Bioremediation of olive oil mill wastewater: chemical alterations induced by Azotobacter vinelandii     

Piperidou CI  Chaidou CI  Stalikas CD  Soulti K  Pilidis GA  Balis C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(5):1941-1948

An environmentally friendly bioremediation system of olive oil mill wastewater (OMWW) is studied with respect to its physicochemical characteristics and degradation efficiency on major characteristic constituents. The method exploits the biochemical versatility of the dinitrogen fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii (strain A) to grow in OMWW at the expense of its constituents and to transform it into an organic liquid fertilizer. The system eliminates the phytotoxic principles from OMWW and concomitantly enriches it with an agriculturally beneficial microbial consortium along with useful metabolites of the latter. The end product, branded "biofertilizer", is used as soil conditioner and liquid organic fertilizer. Growth of A. vinelandii in OMWW results in the decline of content of most of the compounds associated with phytotoxicity, and this is confirmed by the assessment of degradation yields. In parallel, during the process several other compounds noncommittally undergo degradation and biotransformation. More specifically, the biofertilization system is capable of achieving removal yields as high as 90 and 96% after 3 and 7 days of treatment, respectively. Statistical analysis of the results showed that between the periods of operation no significant difference occurs with respect to the degradation yield. Moreover, the degradation yield from 3 to 7 days of continuous operation of the system remains almost unaltered during 2 consecutive years.  相似文献   

Hypertension. Mutation points to salt recycling pathway     

Wickelgren I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5476):23b-26b

A team of researchers at Yale Medical School has uncovered a gene mutation that leads to early-onset hypertension that may point the way to causes for more common forms of high blood pressure. On page 119, the Yale group reports finding a new mutation in the so-called mineralocorticoid receptor, a protein in kidney cells that is involved in the body's handling of salt. This is the first work to demonstrate how alterations in the receptor could give rise to hypertension; in particular, the findings may explain why some women experience a sharp rise in blood pressure during pregnancy.  相似文献   

Photochemistry. Twist and fluoresce     

Brauman JI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5490):286-287

Catalytic antibodies, or artificial enzymes, act as catalysts by lowering the energy of the transition state of a reaction. In his Perspective, Brauman highlights the study by Simeonov et al., who have applied similar principles to photochemical processes and shown that intense fluorescence can be achieved. The approach provides a way of measuring internal molecular motion within the antibody on a very fast time scale. Fluorescent antibodies may find applications in immunochemistry, histological assays, and genomic studies.  相似文献   

A sequential study of the pathology associated with the infection of sheep with adult and larval Ostertagia circumcincta     

Scott I  Khalaf S  Simcock DC  Knight CG  Reynolds GW  Pomroy WE  Simpson HV 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,89(1-2):79-94

Disturbances in the physiology of the abomasa of sheep infected with either adult Ostertagia circumcincta given via abomasal cannulae, or larvae (L3) given intraruminally were matched by pathological changes in tissues collected by repeated mucosal biopsy. Within 2-3 days of the transplant of adult worms, abomasal pH had increased markedly in five out of six animals, and there also had been rapid increases in serum gastrin and pepsinogen concentrations in all animals. Reductions in parietal cell number were recorded as early as 1 day after the transplant of adults and were associated with the rapid accumulation of many neutrophils and eosinophils. Mucosal hyperplasia, with increased numbers of cells closer in appearance to mucous/mucous neck cells, was a relatively late development, being most pronounced in the latter part of the infection. In sheep given larvae, changes in secretory physiology were again matched by a concurrent fall in parietal cell number and by the accumulation of inflammatory cells. Changes became maximal when most worms could be expected to be present as adults, confirming the role of adults in the natural disease. Some abnormalities were detected in biopsies collected from animals maintained free of parasites and, although milder in degree, there were similarities to those observed in parasitised tissues, there being fewer parietal cells, a modest degree of mucous cell hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltrates of predominantly neutrophils. These changes were the likely result of trauma to the tissues in the immediate vicinity of the cannula, due either to the presence of the cannula itself or to the frequent collection of biopsy material from areas close to it.  相似文献   

Efficacy of doramectin against naturally acquired nematode infection in Iberian swine   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Reina D  Anderson L  Habela M  Weatherley AJ  Navarrete I 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,89(1-2):139-147

Studies were carried out to determine the therapeutic efficacy of doramectin, administered intramuscularly at a dose of 300 microg/kg live weight, against naturally acquired helminths of extensively farmed Iberian pigs. The first study (slaughter study) evaluated, through necropsy of the study animals, the product's efficacy against gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes (Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum dentatum and Metastrongylus sp.) whilst the second, faecal egg count reduction study, (FECR study) evaluated the drug's efficacy only against gastrointestinal helminths (A. suum, Trichuris suis and Oesophagostomum sp.).The first study used 20 animals divided into two equal groups of 10 on the basis of body weight and faecal egg count. One group constituted saline treated controls and the other was doramectin treated. On Day 14 post treatment half of the animals in each group were necropsied and the number of parasites present counted. On Day 15 the remaining half of each group underwent the same procedure. The second study was carried out with 40 animals divided equally into two groups of 20. This study determined the effect of doramectin treatment on faecal egg counts as an indicator of parasite burden.The first study demonstrated an efficacy of 100% against adult Metastrongylus sp. and A. suum, whilst the efficacy against O.dentatum was 96.3%. The second study indicated that at Day 21 post treatment there was a 100% reduction in egg counts in faeces in comparison to untreated controls.  相似文献   

Feline papillomas and papillomaviruses     

Sundberg JP  Van Ranst M  Montali R  Homer BL  Miller WH  Rowland PH  Scott DW  England JJ  Dunstan RW  Mikaelian I  Jenson AB 《Veterinary pathology》2000,37(1):1-10

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are highly species- and site-specific pathogens of stratified squamous epithelium. Although PV infections in the various Felidae are rarely reported, we identified productive infections in six cat species. PV-induced proliferative skin or mucous membrane lesions were confirmed by immunohistochemical screening for papillomavirus-specific capsid antigens. Seven monoclonal antibodies, each of which reacts with an immunodominant antigenic determinant of the bovine papillomavirus L1 gene product, revealed that feline PV capsid epitopes were conserved to various degrees. This battery of monoclonal antibodies established differential expression patterns among cutaneous and oral PVs of snow leopards and domestic cats, suggesting that they represent distinct viruses. Clinically, the lesions in all species and anatomic sites were locally extensive and frequently multiple. Histologically, the areas of epidermal hyperplasia were flat with a similarity to benign tumors induced by cutaneotropic, carcinogenic PVs in immunosuppressed human patients. Limited restriction endonuclease analyses of viral genomic DNA confirmed the variability among three viral genomes recovered from available frozen tissue. Because most previous PV isolates have been species specific, these studies suggest that at least eight different cat papillomaviruses infect the oral cavity (tentative designations: Asian lion, Panthera leo, P1PV; snow leopard, Panthera uncia, PuPV-1; bobcat, Felis rufus, FrPV; Florida panther, Felis concolor, FcPV; clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, NnPV; and domestic cat, Felis domesticus, FdPV-2) or skin (domestic cat, F. domesticus, FdPV-1; and snow leopard, P. uncia, PuPV-2).  相似文献