Breast-feeding and maternal mental well-being among Bangladeshi and Pakistani women in north-east England     

Noor SZ  Rousham EK 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(5):486-492

OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between infant feeding and maternal mental well-being among women of Bangladeshi and Pakistani ethnicity; and to explore the sources of advice, information and support available to women before and after childbirth. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of infant feeding and maternal well-being via structured interviews conducted in the home. SETTING: Home visits within two inner-city wards of Newcastle upon Tyne. SUBJECTS: Eighty-six women of South Asian ethnicity. RESULTS: Enjoyment of everyday activities was higher among women who breast-fed only (P = 0.028); whereas feeling sad or crying during pregnancy was lower among breast-feeding women (P = 0.005), as was not sleeping well (P = 0.003) and feeling that everything was too much (P = 0.039), compared with women who used formula or mixed feeding. Women who breast-fed only had better mean mood scores than those who formula-fed or those who both breast-fed and formula-fed (P < 0.001). Mean mood responses were also significantly associated with the mother's level of understanding of English and number of years in education (P = 0.005 and P = 0.003, respectively). The association between method of feeding and maternal mood remained strong after controlling for the effects of English language and maternal education. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that breast-feeding may be an important mediator of maternal mental well-being after childbirth. Community-based programmes tailored to the needs of Bangladeshi and Pakistani women which support breast-feeding and encourage exclusive breast-feeding may be of benefit.  相似文献   

Growth and yield of lowland rice as affected by integrated nutrient management and cultivation method under alternate wetting and drying water regime     

Hayat Ullah  Noor Ahmad Samim  Siraj Ud Din 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(6):580-594

The effects of integrated nutrient management, cultivation method, and variety on root and shoot growth, grain yield and its components of lowland rice under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation were evaluated. Treatments included were three varieties (Pathumthani 1, RD57, and RD41), three cultivation methods [dry direct seeding, wet direct seeding, and transplanting], and three nutrient combinations [100% NPK (160?kg ha^?1), 50% NPK (80?kg ha^?1) + 50% FYM (5 t ha^?1), and 100% FYM (10 t ha^?1)] under AWD. Root dry matter of RD41 and RD57 was reduced by 12–25% at the 100% NPK and 100% FYM compared with the 50% NPK + 50% FYM. Panicle number, panicle length, and 1000-grain weight were higher at the 50% NPK + 50% FYM. Application of the 50% NPK + 50% FYM could be a feasible option under AWD irrigation; however, benefits may vary with varieties and cultivation methods.  相似文献   

Ultraslow electron spin dynamics in GaAs quantum wells probed by optically pumped NMR     

NN Kuzma  P Khandelwal  SE Barrett  LN Pfeiffer  KW West 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5377):686-690

Optically pumped nuclear magnetic resonance (OPNMR) measurements were performed in two different electron-doped multiple quantum well samples near the fractional quantum Hall effect ground state nu = 13. Below 0.5 kelvin, the spectra provide evidence that spin-reversed charged excitations of the nu = 13 ground state are localized over the NMR time scale of about 40 microseconds. Furthermore, by varying NMR pulse parameters, the electron spin temperature (as measured by the Knight shift) could be driven above the lattice temperature, which shows that the value of the electron spin-lattice relaxation time tau1s is between 100 microseconds and 500 milliseconds at nu = 13.  相似文献   

Gene transposition as a cause of hybrid sterility in Drosophila     

Masly JP  Jones CD  Noor MA  Locke J  Orr HA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5792):1448-1450

We describe reproductive isolation caused by a gene transposition. In certain Drosophila melanogaster-D. simulans hybrids, hybrid male sterility is caused by the lack of a single-copy gene essential for male fertility, JYAlpha. This gene is located on the fourth chromosome of D. melanogaster but on the third chromosome of D. simulans. Genomic and molecular analyses show that JYAlpha transposed to the third chromosome during the evolutionary history of the D. simulans lineage. Because of this transposition, a fraction of hybrids completely lack JYAlpha and are sterile, representing reproductive isolation without sequence evolution.  相似文献   

Genetic characterization of the Aceh cattle using phenotypic, mitochondrial DNA of D-loop region and microsatellite DNA analyses     

Abdullah MA  Martojo H  Noor RR  Solihin DD 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(Z1):15-17

The present study reports the phenotypic variation of body weight and body size, the genetic variation of D-loop of mtDNA and microsatellite DNA allele in Aceh cattle in Indonesia within the frame of the design of a conservation programme for this indigenous species. Aceh cattle differ from Bali, Madura, Java-Ongole and Pesisir cattle, but its ancestry relates it closest to Pesisir, thus adding more information to its entry from the Indian sub-continent.  相似文献   

Nonrandom processes maintain diversity in tropical forests     

Wills C  Harms KE  Condit R  King D  Thompson J  He F  Muller-Landau HC  Ashton P  Losos E  Comita L  Hubbell S  Lafrankie J  Bunyavejchewin S  Dattaraja HS  Davies S  Esufali S  Foster R  Gunatilleke N  Gunatilleke S  Hall P  Itoh A  John R  Kiratiprayoon S  de Lao SL  Massa M  Nath C  Noor MN  Kassim AR  Sukumar R  Suresh HS  Sun IF  Tan S  Yamakura T  Zimmerman J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5760):527-531

An ecological community's species diversity tends to erode through time as a result of stochastic extinction, competitive exclusion, and unstable host-enemy dynamics. This erosion of diversity can be prevented over the short term if recruits are highly diverse as a result of preferential recruitment of rare species or, alternatively, if rare species survive preferentially, which increases diversity as the ages of the individuals increase. Here, we present census data from seven New and Old World tropical forest dynamics plots that all show the latter pattern. Within local areas, the trees that survived were as a group more diverse than those that were recruited or those that died. The larger (and therefore on average older) survivors were more diverse within local areas than the smaller survivors. When species were rare in a local area, they had a higher survival rate than when they were common, resulting in enrichment for rare species and increasing diversity with age and size class in these complex ecosystems.  相似文献   

不同降水年型施氮量对冬小麦水氮资源利用效率的调控   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王培如  钟融  孙敏  孔玮琳  张敬敬  HafeezNoor  任爱霞  林文  高志强 《植物营养与肥料学报》2022,28(8):1430-1443

  【目的】  研究不同降水年型氮肥用量引起的小麦生育期耗水量、植株氮素积累与运转、产量及效率的变化,为黄土高原旱地冬小麦精准施肥提供理论依据。  【方法】  于2017—2020年在山西农业大学闻喜试验示范基地开展大田试验,种植制度为冬小麦后夏休闲,一年一熟。3个试验年降水量分别属于正常、干旱和湿润年型。试验设施氮量 0、120、150、180、210 kg/hm2 5个处理,分析了小麦耗水量、氮素吸收与利用、产量形成及不同降水年型间的差异。  【结果】  不同降水年型旱地小麦生育期总耗水量均以N 180 kg/hm2最高,且丰水年和欠水年耗水变化率以施N 150～180 kg/hm2最高,平水年则以施N 120～150 kg/hm2最高。与其他施氮处理相比,丰水年施N 180 kg/hm2提高了播种—拔节期植株氮素积累量,显著提高了花前叶片和穗轴+颖壳氮素运转量,平水年和欠水年施N 150 kg/hm2提高了播种—拔节期植株氮素积累量及花前叶片和茎秆+叶鞘氮素运转量。不同降水年型花前植株氮素运转量、成熟期的植株氮素积累量变化率均以N 120～150 kg/hm2最高。与其他施氮处理相比,丰水年施N 180 kg/hm2产量显著提高了8.4%～35.6%,平水年施N 150 kg/hm2产量显著提高8.9%～33.7%,欠水年施N 150 kg/hm2产量显著提高13.4%～48.9%;不同降水年型产量变化率以施N 120～150 kg/hm2最高,且施氮量增加到N 180 kg/hm2时在丰水年仍可增产。丰水年施N 150～180 kg/hm2肥效最高,达14.9 kg/kg,平水年和欠水年均施N 120～150 kg/hm2肥效最高,分别达18.0和15.2 kg/kg;丰水年施N 180 kg/hm2、平水年和欠水年施N 150 kg/hm2均可获得较高的水、氮利用效率和氮肥表观利用率。此外,不同降水年型增加施氮量条件下,产量、水分利用效率均与花前植株氮素运转量呈显著相关关系。  【结论】  综合考虑氮肥用量氮肥变化量对耗水量、氮素运转量及产量等变化率的影响,丰水年施N 180 kg/hm2,平水年和欠水年施N 150 kg/hm2可提高产量、水氮利用效率和氮肥表观利用率,该施氮量为该区域的推荐施肥量。  相似文献   

Tick paralysis and hepatic lipidosis in a llama     

NN JONSSON  M. ROZMANEC 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(4):250-253

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Evidence for a one-allele assortative mating locus     

Ortíz-Barrientos D  Noor MA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5753):1467

Theoretical models have shown that speciation with gene flow can occur readily via a "one-allele mechanism," where the spread of the same allele within both of two diverging species reduces their subsequent hybridization. Here we present direct genetic evidence for such an allele in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Alleles conferring high or low assortative mating in D. pseudoobscura produce the same effects when inserted into D. persimilis. This observation suggests that the type of genetic variation that is most conducive to controversial modes of speciation with gene flow, such as reinforcement or sympatric speciation, is present in nature.  相似文献   

Prospect of Tea Cultivation ＆ Processing in Pakistan     

YangYaosong NoorAlamKhan 《农业科学与技术》2002,3(4):15-17

HistoryIn 1958, a farmer brought some tea seeds and plants from Bangladesh (then east Pakistan), and successfully cultivated them in district Mansehra. At that time, Pakistan was self-sufficient in tea that was produced in East Pakistan. After the separation (in 1971) of East Pakistan, Pakistan diverted attention to initial work on tea production. The Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) took over the charge of tea cultivation in 1976-77 and launched a project in 1980.  相似文献