Sea turtle strandings reveal high anthropogenic mortality in Italian waters     

Paolo Casale  Marco Affronte  Gianni Insacco  Daniela Freggi  Carola Vallini  Paola Pino d'Astore  Roberto Basso  Giuseppe Paolillo  Graziana Abbate  Roberto Argano 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2010,20(6):611-620

• 1. Spatio‐temporal distribution and anthropogenic mortality factors were investigated in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) found stranded or floating in the waters around Italy. A total of 5938 records for the period 1980–2008 were analysed concerning loggerhead turtles measuring from 3.8 to 97 cm curved carapace length (mean: 48.3 cm).
• 2. Results highlighted the following conservation issues: (i) in the study area, anthropogenic mortality is higher than natural mortality; (ii) interaction with fisheries is by far the most important anthropogenic mortality factor; (iii) longlines are an important mortality factor in the southern areas; (iv) trawlers are the cause of high numbers of dead strandings in the north Adriatic; (v) entanglement in ghost‐gear or in other anthropogenic debris affects high numbers of turtles; and (vi) boat strikes are an important source of mortality in most areas but mostly in the warm seasons.
• 3. Results also indicate that: (vii) the north Adriatic is the area with the highest turtle density; and (viii) the south Adriatic and to a lesser extent the surrounding areas of the north Adriatic and the Ionian, are important developmental areas for loggerhead turtles in the first years of life.
• 4. Italy is in the centre of the Mediterranean Sea and borders major foraging areas for the loggerhead turtles in the region, and these results confirm previous concerns about the level of anthropogenic mortality in Italian waters. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Mortality outbreak by perch rhabdovirus in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) farmed in Italy: Clinical presentation and phylogenetic analysis     

Claudio Caruso  Andrea Gustinelli  Paolo Pastorino  Pier Luigi Acutis  Riccardo Prato  Loretta Masoero  Simone Peletto  Maria Letizia Fioravanti  Marino Prearo 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(5):773-776

This work reports a mortality outbreak, occurred in 2015 and affecting juveniles of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) farmed in Italy. Perch rhabdovirus (PRV) was detected by viral isolation and biomolecular investigations. Phylogenetic analysis clustered our isolate into genogroup B, which also includes PRV isolates from Perca fluviatilis identified in France (2004–2009); diagnostic investigations also revealed opportunistic bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila) and parasites (Chilodonella piscicola). Since, occasionally, PRV has been reported in the natural environment, which is often a source of eggs and broodstock for farms, it could be possible that both similar France and Italian isolate were imported from a same place elsewhere and have a common origin. Improving biosecurity measures (batch control) and disinfection of egg strings with an iodine‐based solution helps prevent apparent vertical transmission of PRV.  相似文献   

Identification,partial characterization,and use of grey mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) vitellogenins for the development of ELISA and biosensor immunoassays     

Paolo Cocci  Francesco Alessandro Palermo  Stefania Pucciarelli  Antonino Miano  Massimiliano Cuccioloni  Mauro Angeletti  Alessandra Roncarati  Gilberto Mosconi 《International Aquatic Research》2019,11(4):389-399

Vitellogenin (Vtg) has proven to be a sensitive and simple biomarker in determining sex, sexual maturity, and xenoestrogenic effects in fish. Thus, our investigation has been focused on identification, partial characterization, and quantification of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) Vtg through the use of a variety of biochemical and immunological analytical techniques. Mullet is considered both a promising aquaculture candidate and an important species for improving sediment quality in polyculture systems. In the first part of this work, grey mullet Vtg was purified from plasma of 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced male fish by a one-step chromatographic protocol, and partially characterized. Specific polyclonal antibodies were then raised against the mullet Vtg, and both an indirect ELISA and an optical immunosensor were set up and validated to quantify plasma Vtg. The indirect ELISA and the optical immunosensor assay developed showed linear measuring in the range 56.8–1047.1 ng mL−1 and 70–739 ng mL−1 Vtg concentrations in standard solutions, respectively. The results obtained suggest that the indirect ELISA allows Vtg detection over a wide dynamic range, thus resulting more suitable for rapid and sensitive sample screening. Therefore, we suggest that the direct immunosensor is a promising tool which needs more investigation to improve the sensitivity.  相似文献   

An outbreak of neonatal enteritis in buffalo calves associated with astrovirus     

Paolo Capozza  Vito Martella  Gianvito Lanave  Cristiana Catella  Georgia Diakoudi  Farzad Beikpour  Michele Camero  Barbara Di Martino  Giovanna Fusco  Anna Balestrieri  Giuseppe Campanile  Krisztian Banyai  Canio Buonavoglia 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2021,22(6)

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Predicting soil loss in central and south Italy with a single USLE-MM model     

Vincenzo Bagarello  Vito Ferro  Vincenzo Pampalone  Paolo Porto  Francesca Todisco  Lorenzo Vergni 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(12):3365-3377

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Science mapping approach to analyze the research evolution on precision agriculture: world,EU and Italian situation     

Federico Pallottino  Marcello Biocca  Pierfrancesco Nardi  Simone Figorilli  Paolo Menesatti  Corrado Costa 《Precision Agriculture》2018,19(6):1011-1026

The relevance of precision agriculture produced a growth of the related literature over the years. However, a structured analysis of the published material is still missing. Thus, this study attempts to analyze the global scientific output of precision agriculture researches published during the period 2000–2016. By using a science mapping approach, mainly based on the application of network analysis tools, it was possible to investigate pivotal aspects of this research field such as publication trends, research topics and their geographical distribution. Using the Scopus database 17,756 scientific publications were retrieved from the chosen period. The number of publications increased after 2006, highlighting the vibrancy of the field. By authoring 35% of the publications, U.S.A. and China were the most active knowledge producer countries. Moreover, the generation of time resolved maps allowed us to identify agriculture engineering, computer science and agriculture studies as three main research areas characterizing precision agriculture panorama. The paper discusses the distribution of these topics at global level, among European countries and in Italy. Overall, this analysis represents the first holistic view of precision agriculture research providing valuable information for farmers, policy makers and researchers.  相似文献   

Potential external contamination of pneumatic seed drills during sowing of dressed maize seeds          下载免费PDF全文

Marco Manzone  Paolo Balsari  Paolo Marucco  Mario Tamagnone 《Pest management science》2016,72(7):1302-1308

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A need for disclosure of the identity of microorganisms,constituents, and application methods when reporting tests with microbe-based or pesticide-based products     

Yoav Bashan  Joseph W. Kloepper  Luz E. de-Bashan  Paolo Nannipieri 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2016,52(3):283-284

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Survey on whiteflies and their parasitoids in cassava mosaic pandemic areas of Tanzania using morphological and molecular techniques          下载免费PDF全文

Devid Guastella  Hermence Lulah  Lensa S Tajebe  Vincenzo Cavalieri  Gregory A Evans  Paolo A Pedata  Carmelo Rapisarda  James P Legg 《Pest management science》2015,71(3):383-394

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Infection, immunity and the neuroendocrine response     

Paolo Borghetti  Roberta Saleri  Eugenio Mocchegiani  Attilio Corradi  Paolo Martelli 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2009,130(3-4):141-162

The Central Nervous (CNS) and Immune Systems (IS) are the two major adaptive systems which respond rapidly to numerous challenges that are able to compromise health. The defensive response strictly linking innate to acquired immunity, works continuously to limit pathogen invasion and damage. The efficiency of the innate response is crucial for survival and for an optimum priming of acquired immunity. During infection, the immune response is modulated by an integrated neuro-immune network which potentiates innate immunity, controls potential harmful effects and also addresses metabolic and nutritional modifications supporting immune function. In the last decade much knowledge has been gained on the molecular signals that orchestrate this integrated adaptive response, with focus on the systemic mediators which have a crucial role in driving and controlling an efficient protective response. These mediators are also able to signal alterations and control pathway dysfunctions which may be involved in the persistence and/or overexpression of inflammation that may lead to tissue damage and to a negative metabolic impact, causing retarded growth.This review aims to describe some important signalling pathways which drive bidirectional communication between the Immune and Nervous Systems during infection. Particular emphasis is placed on pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunomodulator hormones such as Glucocorticoids (GCs), Growth hormone (GH), Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and Leptin, as well as nutritional factors such as Zinc (Zn).Finally, the review includes up-to-date information on this neuroimmune cross-talk in domestic animals. Data in domestic animal species are still limited, but there are several exciting areas of research, like the potential interaction pathways between mediators (i.e. cytokine-HPA regulation, IL-6-GCS-Zn, cytokines-GH/IGF-1, IL-6-GH-Leptin and thymus activity) that are or could be promising topics of future research in veterinary medicine.  相似文献