A late-transition metal oxo complex: K7Na9[O=PtIV(H2O)L2], L = [PW9O34]9-     

Anderson TM  Neiwert WA  Kirk ML  Piccoli PM  Schultz AJ  Koetzle TF  Musaev DG  Morokuma K  Cao R  Hill CL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5704):2074-2077

Terminal mono-oxo complexes of the late transition metal elements have long been considered too unstable to synthesize because of repulsion between the oxygen electrons and the mostly filled metal d orbitals. A platinum(IV)-oxo compound flanked by two polytungstate ligands, K7Na9[O=Pt(H2O)L2], L = [PW9O34(9-)], has now been prepared and isolated at room temperature as air-stable brown crystals. X-ray and neutron diffraction at 30 kelvin revealed a very short [1.720(18) angstrom] Pt-O bond and no evidence of a hydrogen atom at the terminal oxygen, ruling out a better precedented Pt-OH complex. Density functional theory and spectroscopic data account for the stability of the Pt(IV)-oxo unit by electron withdrawal into delocalized orbitals of the polytungstates.  相似文献   

Organic and Conventional <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coffea arabica</Emphasis> L.: A Comparative Study of the Chemical Composition and Physiological,Biochemical and Toxicological Effects in Wistar Rats     

Carvalho Ddo C  Brigagão MR  dos Santos MH  de Paula FB  Giusti-Paiva A  Azevedo L 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(2):114-121

Differentiation between organic and conventional coffee has increased due to the growing demand and high consumption of healthy foods that contain compounds with antioxidant potential, which have been associated with the reduction of chronic diseases. We used organic and conventional coffee in powder 4% (w/w) and infusions 5%, 10% and 20% (w/v) incorporated in a commercial diet to test in vivo. The levels of chlorogenic acid, caffeine and trigonelline were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The body weight, weight gain, food consumption, aberrant foci crypt, mucin depleted foci, stress biomarkers protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde, biochemical parameters and behavior of the rats were compared between the experimental and control groups within a framework of colon carcinogenesis. The organic coffee showed higher levels of chlorogenic acid, caffeine and trigonelline than conventional, however, this difference did not significantly affect behavior. The infusions had an antioxidant effect, reducing the levels of malondialdehyde; however, the biochemical parameters of the serum were not altered, and there was neither induction nor prevention of preneoplasic lesions.  相似文献   

Colloid osmotic pressure after hemorrhage and replenishment with Oxyglobin Solution, hetastarch, or whole blood in pregnant sheep   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Posner LP  Moon PF  Bliss SP  Gleed RD  Erb HN 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(1):30-36

Objective To compare plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of both maternal and fetal blood, before and after hemorrhage, and replenishment with Oxyglobin Solution (Biopure Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA), hetastarch or whole blood in pregnant ewes. Study design Prospective, randomized study. Animals A total of 17 adult Rambouillet ewes at 131 (128–133) [median (minimum, maximum)] days gestation, weighing 56 (46, 63) kg. Methods Ewes and fetuses were chronically instrumented with catheters in a maternal jugular vein, maternal carotid artery and fetal femoral artery. Twenty milliliters per kilograms of blood were removed from each ewe over 1 hour. The ewes were then given 20 mL kg^?1 of either Oxyglobin Solution (n = 5), hetastarch (n = 6), or autologous whole blood (n = 6) IV. Maternal plasma COP was measured before hemorrhage, after hemorrhage, after replenishment, and 1 and 2 hours later. Fetal plasma COP was measured after maternal hemorrhage and 2 hours after maternal volume replenishment. Results Median COP of all ewes before hemorrhage was 20 (16, 24) mm Hg and after hemorrhage (p < 0.05), decreased to 16 (11, 19) mm Hg. After volume replenishment, the COP of the Oxyglobin Solution group was 22 (21, 25) mm Hg, the autologous whole blood group was 17 (16, 22) mm Hg and the hetastarch group was 20 (17, 21) mm Hg. The COP of the Oxyglobin Solution group was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the COP of the hetastarch group immediately and 60 minutes after volume replenishment, and greater (p < 0.05) than that of the autologous whole blood group at 60 minutes after volume replenishment. The COP of all the fetuses after maternal hemorrhage was 16 (12, 19) mm Hg and at 120 minutes after maternal volume replenishment was 15 (11, 18) mm Hg. There were no differences in COP between or within any of the fetal groups. Conclusions When used to treat blood loss, Oxyglobin Solution increases plasma COP more than an equal volume of hetastarch in the first hour following administration. Maternal administration of Oxyglobin Solution did not alter fetal COP. Clinical relevance Oxyglobin Solution is a more potent colloid than hetastarch. Oxyglobin Solution did not appear to translocate fluid from the fetal to maternal circulation.  相似文献   

Screening for the presence of nematophagous fungi collected from Irish sheep pastures     

Paula Kelly  Barbara Good  J.P. Hanrahan  Richard Fitzpatrick  Theo de Waal 《Veterinary parasitology》2009,165(3-4):345-349

With worldwide development of anthelmintic resistance, alternative approaches to the chemotherapeutic dominant approach for the control of parasitic nematodes in sheep are urgently required. As natural enemies of nematodes, nematophagous fungi offer the exciting possibility of an alternative to the dominant anthelmintic approach for parasite control in ruminants. Permanent sheep pasture harbor a promising array of nematophagous fungi and merits further investigation. One hundred and fifty samples of soil, old and fresh faeces were collected from 10 Irish sheep pastures. The three methods employed for the isolation of nematophagous fungi include the Baermann technique, flotation method and the sprinkling–baiting technique. Twenty-nine nematophagous fungi were observed of which 12 were predacious and 17 were endoparasitic. The most prevalent fungi were Cystopage lateralis, Stylopage hadra, Drechmeria coniospora and Meristacrum asterosperum. Permanent sheep pasture is a good source of nematophagous fungi and hence may harbor potential biological control agents. Monacrosporium cionopaga, Duddingtonia flagrans, D. coniospora and Hirsutella rhoissilensis were detected in fresh faecal samples indicating they may have survived the gastrointestinal tract and therefore a viable option as a biological control agent.  相似文献   

Serological and molecular evidence of hepatitis E virus in swine in Brazil     

dos Santos DR  Vitral CL  de Paula VS  Marchevsky RS  Lopes JF  Gaspar AM  Saddi TM  Júnior NC  Guimarães Fde R  Júnior JG  Ximenes LL  Souto FJ  Pinto MA 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(3):474-480

Active hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in two Brazilian swine herds were investigated. In study 1, 26 piglets born to five anti-HEV positive sows were monitored from birth to post-partum week 22. Serum samples were screened for the detection of anti-HEV antibodies and a nested RT-PCR used to examine the HEV genome. Passive transfer of immunity was confirmed. At week 22, 23/26 (88.4%) of the piglets had seroconverted. Genome amplification was achieved in a feces pool from one holding pen and in one serum sample, both from 13-week-old animals. Histology was suggestive of a potential HEV infection. In the second study, 47 piglets born to six anti-HEV-positive sows were monitored after weaning. Seroconversion was determined in eight animals at 6-8 weeks of age. HEV RNA was detected in two pools from a holding pen for 12-16-week-old animals. Brazilian isolates were classified as genotype 3. This is the first molecular evidence of HEV infection in Brazilian pig herds.  相似文献   

Brachial plexus blockade in chickens with 0.75% ropivacaine     

Larissa B Cardozo DVM    Ricardo M Almeida† DVM  PhD  Diplomate CBCAV    Levi C Fiúza‡ DVM  & Paula D Galera DVM  PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(4):396-400

Objective  To evaluate the quality of brachial plexus blockade with 0.75% ropivacaine in domestic chickens.
Study design  Prospective experimental trial.
Animals  Six 30-week-old female chickens, weighing 4.5 ± 0.4 kg.
Methods  Six brachial plexus injections were performed after anesthetic induction with isoflurane. After achieving adequate muscle relaxation, the animals were positioned in dorsal recumbency and injected with ropivacaine (1 mL kg⁻¹). The birds recovered and assessments of motor function and response to pinch were scored every 5 minutes for 180 minutes. The scores were from zero (no response) to three (greatest response). The scores over time were analyzed using a Wilcoxon nonparametric test with statistical significance accepted if p  ≤ 0.05.
Results  There was a significant difference ( p  < 0.05) from 15 to 130 minutes and 15 to 120 minutes for motor and sensory blocks, respectively. The onset of both blocks took 15 minutes and the effective periods of sensory and motor anesthesia were 105 and 115 minutes, respectively. Comparison between blocks at different times did not demonstrate significant differences ( p  > 0.05).
Conclusions and clinical relevance  No complications were observed after the technique. Brachial plexus blockade with 0.75% ropivacaine is a simple and effective technique for procedures on the thoracic limb of domestic chickens.  相似文献   

Chalastospora gossypii in a Maine Coon cat: case report and literature review     

Samantha M. Norris  Paula A. Schaffer  Noah B. Bander 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(5):975

A 15-y-old castrated male Maine Coon cat was evaluated for an ulcerated soft tissue mass on the right hindlimb that had been observed for 4 mo and had grown rapidly. A 3 × 3 cm soft, raised, amorphous, and ulcerated subcutaneous mass was observed on the lateral right metatarsus. In-house cytology via fine-needle aspiration was nondiagnostic. Incisional biopsy of the mass and further staging was declined, and amputation was elected. The amputated limb was submitted for histopathology, which revealed severe chronic nodular granulomatous dermatitis and multifocal granulomatous popliteal lymphadenitis with large numbers of intralesional fungal hyphae. Fungal PCR and sequencing on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue identified Chalastospora gossypii. No adjunctive therapy was elected at the time. The patient has done well clinically 1 y post-operatively. C. gossypii is a rare microfungus found worldwide and is considered a minor pathogen of several plants. To our knowledge, infection by this fungus has not been reported previously in veterinary species. Features in our case are comparable to other mycotic infections. Nodular granulomatous mycotic dermatitis and cellulitis, although uncommon, should be a differential for soft tissue masses in veterinary species; C. gossypii is a novel isolate.  相似文献   

Identification of Polyphenols from Chilean Brown Seaweeds Extracts by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS     

Carla Olate-Gallegos  Andrés Barriga  Cristina Vergara  Carolina Fredes  Paula García  Begoña Giménez 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2019,28(4):375-391

Polyphenol profiles were characterized in extracts of three Chilean brown seaweeds, Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot, Lessonia spicata (Suhr) Santelices, and Macrocystis integrifolia (Bory) by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS). Phlorotannins with different degrees of polymerization were identified in D. antarctica (trimers to octamers) and L. spicata (trimers to tetramers). No signals related to phlorotannins compounds were detected in M. integrifolia. L. spicata and M. integrifolia showed a great variety of flavonoid compounds in comparison with D. antarctica, mainly identified as glycoside forms in all the extracts. The antioxidant activity of brown seaweed extracts measured by ferric reducing power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was significantly higher in D. antarctica, followed by M. integrifolia and L. spicata, in line with the total phenolic (TP) content. However, D. antarctica and M. integrifolia showed similar activity for free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in spite of the differences found in TP content. D. antarctica as well as L. spicata would represent a potential source of phlorotannins, whereas M. integrifolia could be considered as an alternative source of flavonoids. The identification of polyphenols in extracts of Chilean brown seaweeds opens innovative opportunities for their use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.  相似文献   

Growth,survival, body composition and amino acid profile of Macrobrachium borellii against the limitation of feeds with different C:N ratios with comments about application in integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture     

Dbora Carvalho  Paula Reyes  Vernica Williner  María C. Mora  María F. Viozzi  Cristian J. De Bonis  Pablo A. Collins 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(10):3947-3958

One way to attain more sustainable aquaculture systems is through the species diversification and optimization of the feed input, such as obtained by integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA). Macrobrachium borellii is a native freshwater prawn that reunites many useful features to be implemented in an IMTA. The aim of this study was to gather information about to which extent M. borellii can survive, grow and maintain body composition against feed limitation. The C:N ratios of feedstuffs were variable in order to simulate a hypothetical scenario of an integrated culture with fish of different trophic habits. The nutritional aspects (amino acid profile and proximal composition) of feeds and prawns were also analysed. Macrobrachium borellii could grow, survive and maintain the proximal content and C:N ratio of its muscle tissue with all feedstuffs but exhibited higher biomass gain and specific growth rate consuming feeds with lower C:N ratios. In this view, the integration of this prawn with omnivore or carnivore fish species should be recommended. The amino acid profile exhibited little variation before and after the experimental period, and was rich in lysine, leucine and arginine. In this study, it was also discussed the nutritional aspects of M. borelliii as a valuable by‐product to human and animal nutrition.  相似文献   

Herbage and animal responses on continuously stocked ‘Ipyporã’ and ‘Mulato II’ brachiariagrasses     

Ana Paula da Silva Carvalho  Leandro F. Domiciano  Isadora G. N. Paraíso  Débora S. M. Silva  Luciano S. Cabral  Lynn E. Sollenberger  Dalton H. Pereira  Bruno C. Pedreira 《Grass and Forage Science》2023,78(1):137-146

New hybrid grass cultivars may enhance animal performance in forage-livestock systems if they possess traits that address edaphoclimatic challenges and pest susceptibility. The objective was to assess herbage accumulation, plant-part composition, nutritive value, and animal performance of ‘Ipyporã’ [Brachiaria ruziziensis Germ. & Evrard × B. brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf] and ‘Mulato II’ (B. ruziziensis × B. brizantha × B. decumbens Stapf) hybrids in the Brazilian Amazon biome. From May 2016 to May 2018, pastures were maintained under continuous stocking with variable stocking rates to maintain canopy height at 30-cm. Herbage accumulation (HA) was greater in Mulato II (17,370 kg dry matter [DM] ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) than Ipyporã pastures (14,930 kg DM ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) across the years. In Year 1, Mulato II had greater stocking rate (1685 vs. 1215 kg body weight [BW] ha⁻¹) and greater gain ha⁻¹ (1130 vs. 850 kg) than Ipyporã. However, in Year 2, both cultivars had similar plant and animal responses. The Year 1 ADG was similar among cultivars or seasons but in Year 2, rainy seasons had 21 and 77% greater ADG than dry seasons for Mulato II and Ipyporã, respectively. Both cultivars can contribute to the diversification of pasture-based livestock systems in humid tropical regions. Mulato II presented superior performance when soil moisture and fertility were not limiting (i.e., Year 1). However, both cultivars provide similar plant and animal responses in Year 2, offering viable alternatives for the diversification of pasture-based livestock systems in the Amazon Biome.  相似文献