青藏高原低云量的年际变化及其稳定性   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

高蓉  陈少勇  董安祥 《干旱区研究》2007,24(6):760-765

利用青藏高原80个测站1961-2000年1～12月低云量资料,分析了青藏高原低云量的年际变化规律.结果表明:青藏高原的低云量从东南向西北减少,云量的稳定性夏季高于冬季,南部高于北部.江河上游区域、藏东谷地、川西高原、甘南高原和祁连山区是青藏高原低云量多,且比较稳定的地区;青藏高原西部低云量月变化振幅大,尤以西南部为最,夏季云量最多;高原东南部江河上游区和藏东谷地3～9月低云量多,且起伏变化小,6月和9月出现峰值;高原东南部低云量稳定性较好;低云量的年际变化总体呈下降趋势, 江河上游区和高原东南部的低云量变化缓慢,高原西北部有显著上升趋势;变化趋势在季节上表现为冬、春、夏、秋西北上升西南下降,春、秋季中东部持平,夏、冬略降.  相似文献   

土壤秸秆注孔对土壤含水量及作物生长的影响     

李梦琦  肖辉  张慧  高贤彪  程文娟  董昱辰  张余良  陈坤 《水土保持通报》2024,44(1):50-56

[目的] 研究土壤秸秆注孔对土壤含水量及作物生长的影响,为旱作农田增加雨水蓄集能力及提高水分利用效率提供理论依据。[方法] 开展玉米-小麦轮作田间试验,设置常规种植(CK)、土壤秸秆注孔2孔/m²(T₁),4孔/m²(T₂),8孔/m²(T₃)4个处理。[结果] 秸秆注孔所有处理均提高了整个试验期表层土壤含水量。T₂,T₃处理提高了收获期深层土壤含水量,试验结束时两者底层土壤(60-80 cm)含水量较CK分别提高了29.19 %和28.18 %。秸秆注孔处理提高了作物株高、经济产量和生物量,以及降水利用效率和水分利用效率,T₂,T₃处理的提高效果最明显,且彼此差异不显著。[结论] 秸秆注孔具有保水性能和增产能力,根据成本和效果综合考虑,推荐秸秆注孔4孔/m²(T₂)作为优选处理。  相似文献   

西鄂尔多斯地区四合木与红砂灌丛的阻沙能力对比研究     

闫宇  郭强  党晓宏  蒙仲举  高永  翟波  王紫薇  刘子剑 《水土保持通报》2024,44(2):137-145,154

[目的] 对比分析西鄂尔多斯地区四合木与红砂灌丛的阻沙能力,为原生草原与荒漠过渡带植物的多样性保护和珍稀濒危物种保育提供理论依据与数据支持。 [方法] 以西鄂尔多斯国家级自然保护区内四合木(Tetraena mongolica)、红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)灌丛沙堆为研究对象,运用典型样方法对四合木和红砂灌丛沙堆形态与生长状况进行系统测定,探讨沙堆形态发育及阻沙能力与四合木和红砂灌丛形态的关系。 [结果] ①四合木和红砂灌丛沙堆均呈半椭球型发育,四合木灌丛沙堆形态参数显著大于红砂灌丛沙堆(p＜0.05); ②四合木、红砂灌丛与沙堆形态参数间(灌丛高度除外)具有显著相关性(p＜0.01)。四合木灌丛沙堆长轴、短轴、半径与高度之间均呈二次函数关系,表明四合木灌丛可能进入衰退阶段,而红砂灌丛沙堆长轴、短轴、半径与高度之间均呈线性关系,表明红砂灌丛沙堆仍在发育; ③当冠幅面积(S_p)≤1.44 m²时,红砂灌丛沙堆的体积大于四合木灌丛沙堆,当S_p＞1.44 m²时,四合木灌丛沙堆的体积一直大于红砂灌丛沙堆。四合木和红砂灌丛单位冠幅面积所拦截的沙物质体积分别为0.13和0.06 m³。 [结论] 可以初步判断四合木的阻沙能力大于红砂。整体来看,四合木对风沙环境的适应性较红砂强,随着冠幅面积的增长四合木灌丛拦截沙物质的能力更强。  相似文献   

我国省级农业科学院的学科竞争力比较研究*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

虞德容  高晓辉  任妮 《农业科研经济管理》2016,(3):30-36

学科竞争力是省级农业科研机构科研实力的重要体现。文章以江浙沪鲁京粤6省农业科学院为研究对象，以SCI论文和中文核心期刊论文为数据源，采用文献计量的方法，对比分析了我国省级农科院的整体优势学科和各自优势学科的竞争力情况。研究发现，省级农科院的学科发展既有普遍相似性，又有各自的特色优势学科，各机构之间的学科竞争力差距较大。该研究为我国省级农科院学科建设提供决策参考。  相似文献   

耧斗菜属的物种进化与遗传学   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱蕊蕊  高亦珂  张启翔 《分子植物育种》2010,8(4):784-789

耧斗菜因其表型的多样性、生境分布的广泛性、材料遗传操作性强被广泛应用于进化、分子遗传育种学研究。本文对耧斗菜属以下三个方面进行综述,以期为本属植物和相关分子遗传学的进一步研究提供理论依据:(1)物种进化和生殖生态:耧斗菜属的花距的变长是由于一系列可以预测的、针对不相关的授粉者的适应性变化,传粉者的转变可能是导致耧斗菜属距长进化的诱因。(2)杂交育种:耧斗菜属中最有价值的杂交种产生于A.coerulea和A.chrysantha之间,区分种类的性状有些由主基因控制,而有些由微基因控制。(3)花色的分子遗传学:耧斗菜属内存在丰富的花色变异,对耧斗菜属中开展的关于花青素苷合成的生化途径的分析、杂交实验和基因表达分析等为研究耧斗菜花色的遗传基础提供了宝贵信息。  相似文献   

Adsorption kinetics of 17α-ethinyl estradiol and bisphenol A on carbon nanomaterials. II. Concentration-dependence     

Bo Pan  Ke Sun  Baoshan Xing 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(5):845-854

Purpose  

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted a great deal of research interest for their potential environmental applications because of their unique properties. Adsorption of organic chemicals on CNMs was reported to be important in controlling their environmental risks. However, the kinetics of the adsorption is hardly investigated in literature. The objective of this work was, therefore, to quantitatively describe the sorption kinetics of 17 α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BPA) on CNMs as compared to activated carbon (AC).  相似文献   

Biochemical properties,molecular characterizations,functions, and application perspectives of phytases     

Ruijuan Li  Jinfeng Zhao  Chuanfan Sun  Wenjing Lu  Chengjin Guo  Kai Xiao 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2010,4(2):195-209

As a kind of enzyme widely existing in eukaryotic species, especially in grains and oil seeds, phytases play an important role in the degradation of some phosphates containing organic molecules. So far, phytases derived from various species have been successfully used as animal feed additives. It has also been experimentally verified that phytases have a potential use in generating crop germplasm with high phosphorus use efficiency, based on their biochemical role in releasing Pi from the phytate and its derivatives. In this paper, the biochemical properties, molecular characterizations, functions and the potential application perspective of phytases are reviewed and commented on, aiming at the further exploration of the biochemical and molecular characterizations, and promotion of the application of phytases, a kind of important enzyme possessing potential use in animal feeding and creation of high P use crop cultivars, in the future.  相似文献   

Effects of grazing and rainfall variability on root and shoot decomposition in a semi-arid grassland     

Marcus Giese  Ying Zhi Gao  Ying Zhao  Qingmin Pan  Shan Lin  Stephan Peth  Holger Brueck 《Applied soil ecology》2009,41(1):8-18

Overgrazing increasingly affects large areas of Inner Mongolian semi-arid grasslands. Consequences for ecosystem functions and, in particular, for the decomposition as a key process of ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling are still unclear.We studied the effects of grazing on shoot and root decomposition with the litter bag method in a long-term grazing exclosure (UG79), a moderate winter grazed (WG) and a long-term heavily grazed site (HG). We separated the effects of local environmental factors and litter quality as altered by grazing. Growing seasons of average and very low precipitation allowed us to study the effect of inter annual rainfall variability on decomposition.Grazing-induced differences in environmental factors of the three studied grassland sites had no effect on decay rates of shoot and root dry mass. Also differences in litter quality among the grazing sites were not reflected by root decomposition dynamics. The accelerated shoot decay at site HG could not clearly be linked to litter quality parameters. Shoot decay rates were more or less constant, even under very dry conditions. This indicates the possibility of photodegradation (solar UV-B radiation) to control aboveground decomposition in this semi-arid ecosystem. By selecting the best predictors of root decomposition from regression analysis, we found that soil water content was the best parameter explaining the dynamics.Net N immobilization was generally not detected during the decay process of shoot and root. It is likely, when root decomposition is strongly reduced in dry periods, shoot decomposition becomes relatively more important for nutrient cycling. A separate analysis of shoot and root decay dynamics is required in order to describe C and N cycling in this semi-arid grassland. The grazing impact on C and N fluxes through decomposition of plant material likely exhibits a strong interaction with seasonal rainfall pattern.  相似文献   

生物炭表面水溶活性分子可以有效提高水稻的耐旱性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋太英  徐凡  甄晓溪  高继平  张文忠  徐正进 《分子植物育种》2015,(6)

生物炭是一种可以改良土壤、增强作物产量和提升作物品质的新型农林废弃物再利用材料。本研究通过振荡方式制备生物炭浸提液,利用水培系统培养水稻幼苗,以20%PEG6000、300 mmol/L和500 mmol/L甘露醇模拟干旱胁迫,研究生物炭表面水溶活性分子对水稻幼苗抗旱性的影响。研究结果发现:生物炭浸提液可有效缓解干旱胁迫造成的水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长抑制,缓解叶绿素含量、鲜重及存活率的降低,同时可以降低体内的活性氧积累等。实时定量RT-PCR检测表明生物炭浸提液促进干旱胁迫响应标志基因的表达量。研究结果说明生物炭浸提液可以提高干旱胁迫下水稻幼苗的抗氧化能力,进一步提高水稻幼苗对干旱胁迫的耐受性。  相似文献   

食品科学与工程专业实践教育体系改革的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭元新  李先保  李凤霞  叶华  高红梅 《农产品加工．学刊》2010,(12)

针对食品科学与工程专业学生的就业现状,提出了加强培养学生实践能力的重要意义。依据专业特点和社会对毕业生的基本要求,就如何设计合理的实践教学内容,提高学生实践能力提出了基本措施。  相似文献