Analysis of genotype-by-environment interaction in a multisite progeny test with Scots pine for supporting selection decisions     

Chmura  Daniel J.  Barzdajn  Władysław  Kowalkowski  Wojciech  Guzicka  Marzenna  Rożkowski  Roman 《European Journal of Forest Research》2021,140(6):1457-1467

European Journal of Forest Research - In multisite forest genetic experiments, the presence of genotype?×?environment interaction (GEI) is common. GEI may negatively affect the...  相似文献   

Accuracy, precision, and reliability of chemical measurements in natural products research     

Betz JM  Brown PN  Roman MC 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(1):44-52

Natural products chemistry is the discipline that lies at the heart of modern pharmacognosy. The field encompasses qualitative and quantitative analytical tools that range from spectroscopy and spectrometry to chromatography. Among other things, modern research on crude botanicals is engaged in the discovery of the phytochemical constituents necessary for therapeutic efficacy, including the synergistic effects of components of complex mixtures in the botanical matrix. In the phytomedicine field, these botanicals and their contained mixtures are considered the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), and pharmacognosists are increasingly called upon to supplement their molecular discovery work by assisting in the development and utilization of analytical tools for assessing the quality and safety of these products. Unlike single-chemical entity APIs, botanical raw materials and their derived products are highly variable because their chemistry and morphology depend on the genotypic and phenotypic variation, geographical origin and weather exposure, harvesting practices, and processing conditions of the source material. Unless controlled, this inherent variability in the raw material stream can result in inconsistent finished products that are under-potent, over-potent, and/or contaminated. Over the decades, natural product chemists have routinely developed quantitative analytical methods for phytochemicals of interest. Quantitative methods for the determination of product quality bear the weight of regulatory scrutiny. These methods must be accurate, precise, and reproducible. Accordingly, this review discusses the principles of accuracy (relationship between experimental and true value), precision (distribution of data values), and reliability in the quantitation of phytochemicals in natural products.  相似文献   

Reproduction and survival of Eisenia fetida in a sandy loam soil amended with the nitro-heterocyclic explosives RDX and HMX: The 7th international symposium on earthworm ecology · Cardiff · Wales · 2002     

Michael Simini  Ronald T. Checkai  Roman G. Kuperman  Carlton T. Phillips  Jan E. Kolakowski  Carl W. Kurnas  Geoffrey I. Sunahara 《Pedobiologia》2003,47(5-6):657-662

  相似文献   

Distribution of Trace Elements in Meromictic Pit Lake     

Ewa Szarek-Gwiazda  Roman Żurek 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2006,174(1-4):181-196

Studies were conducted at the deepest location of the meromictic Piaseczno pit lake, southern Poland, which was created in abandoned sulphur opencast. Pearson correlation and PCA were used to established the relationship between the elements and physico-chemical parameters of the water, whereas discriminant test to study vertical and time differentiation of Cd, Pb, Sr, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe concentrations. The results indicated both vertical (except Cu and Zn) and time differentiations of studied elements in the lake water. The highest concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Sr were found in the monimolimnion, that of Mn and Fe in the anoxic water. Depth profiles of Cu and Zn did not show any pronounced trend. Pb and Sr distributions in the water were related to alkalinity, Cl^? and COD, Cd to alkalinity and Cl^?, Mn and Fe to the redox conditions, Mn to water pH, and Fe to the alkalinity. The upper (0–15 cm) layer of the sediment consisted mainly of S (24.2 Atom%), Fe (21.62%), Ca (18.4%), Si (14.3%), and (Al 6.3%) and reflected mainly processes proceeded in the anoxic water-sediment interface. Calculated accumulation coefficients (K _d) of the elements in the sediment are discussed.  相似文献   

Crop management based on field observations: Case studies in sugarcane and coffee     

James Cock  Thomas OberthürCamilo Isaacs  Peter Roman Läderach  Alberto PalmaJavier Carbonell  Jorge VictoriaGeoff Watts  Alvaro AmayaLaure Collet  Germán LemaEinar Anderson 《Agricultural Systems》2011,104(9):755-769

For millennia farmers have continually improved their crop management and production practices through their observations and experience. More recently modern science and research methods based on controlled experiments became the most visible instrument of technological change in agriculture, nevertheless farmers continued to develop and implement new technologies based on their own observations made under commercial conditions. Modern information technology and social organization of producers make it possible to use operational research, which is based on the observation and analysis of operations so as to improve them, to manage crops better. The article describes two cases, coffee and sugarcane, in which observation of the results obtained by farmers, with the natural variation in the environment and the distinct management practices they apply can be used to determine site specific crop management practices. The basis of the methodology is to (a) obtain data from a series of cropping events that characterizes the conditions under which each crop is grown, how it is managed and how it performs under commercial conditions (data capture), (b) to manage and analyze the data in centralized databases (data management and analysis) and (c) make the information derived from the data analysis available to growers so that they can use it to make better informed decisions (interpretation). All aspects of the methodology depend on the social organization of the growers and the supply chain of which they form a part, and hence social organization is an integral part of the methodology.The processes of characterization of the growing conditions, including both environmental and management parameters, the establishment of databases, the data analysis and interpretation, and mechanisms of interacting with producers are described with emphasis on the importance of social organization and farmers’ groups. Examples are given of how this approach can be used to better understand the crop response to variation in the environment and management, and how this can be used by farmers to improve productivity and quality in two contrasting crops. The paper demonstrates that operational research can be used to evaluate farmers’ experiences and to share that knowledge amongst them so as to improve their production practices in the context of their particular environment. It is suggested that the operation research approach is particularly effective in heterogeneous landscapes with perennial crops that have not been the subject of intense research. Furthermore operational research is effective in determining the crop response to variables that are not readily studied in small plots and in determining optimal combinations of multiple variables. Producers believe in the results obtained as there are none of the problems of scaling up from experimental plots to commercial conditions. It is proposed that the approaches described can readily be applied to other crop species.  相似文献   

Characterization of a heterodimeric GH2 β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus sakei Lb790 and formation of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides     

Iqbal S  Nguyen TH  Nguyen HA  Nguyen TT  Maischberger T  Kittl R  Haltrich D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(8):3803-3811

The lacLM genes from Lactobacillus sakei Lb790, encoding a heterodimeric β-galactosidase that belongs to glycoside hydrolase family GH2, were cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli . Subsequently, the recombinant β-galactosidase LacLM was purified to apparent homogeneity and characterized. The enzyme is a β-galactosidase with narrow substrate specificity because o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (oNPG) was efficiently hydrolyzed, whereas various structurally related oNP analogues were not. The K(m) and k(cat) values for oNPG and lactose were 0.6 mM and 180 s(-1) and 20 mM and 43 s(-1), respectively. The enzyme is inhibited competitively by its two end-products D-galactose and D-glucose (K(i) values of 180 and 475 mM, respectively). As judged by the ratio of the inhibition constant to the Michaelis constant, K(i)/K(m), this inhibition is only very moderate and much less pronounced than for other microbial β-galactosidases. β-Galactosidase from L. sakei possesses high transgalactosylation activity and was used for the synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GalOS), employing lactose at a concentration of 215 g/L. The maximum GalOS yield was 41% (w/w) of total sugars at 77% lactose conversion and contained mainly non-lactose disaccharides, trisaccharides, and tetrasaccharides with approximately 38, 57, and 5% of total GalOS formed, respectively. The enzyme showed a strong preference for the formation of β-(1→6)-linked transgalactosylation products, whereas β-(1→3)-linked compounds were formed to a lesser extent and β-(1→4)-linked reaction products could not be detected.  相似文献   

DENTAL RADIOGRAPHY IN THE DOG WITH A CONVENTIONAL X-RAY DEVICE     

F. San  Roman  DVM  PHD  M. P. Llorens  MD  PHD  M. T. Peña  DVM  F. A. Garcia  DVM  PHD  D. Prandi  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1990,31(5):235-238

This study describes a method of using a conventional x-ray device and film-positioning system for dental radiography in dogs. This system is economical, safe and results in high quality dental radiographs.  相似文献   

Risk factors for excessive tibial plateau angle in large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Duerr FM  Duncan CG  Savicky RS  Park RD  Egger EL  Palmer RH 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(11):1688-1691

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for development of excessive tibial plateau angle (TPA) in large-breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD). DESIGN: Case-control study. ANIMALS: 58 dogs with excessive TPAs (ie, TPA >or= 35 degrees ; case dogs) and 58 dogs with normal TPAs (ie, TPA or= 35 degrees in both limbs were 13.6 times (95% confidence interval, 2.72 to 68.1) as likely to have been neutered before 6 months of age as were control dogs with TPA 相似文献   

Correlation of serum cardiac troponin I and acute phase protein concentrations with clinical staging in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease          下载免费PDF全文

Zoe S. Polizopoulou  Christos K. Koutinas  José J. Cerón  Asta Tvarijonaviciute  Silvia Martínez‐Subiela  Anastasia Dasopoulou  Malcolm J. York  Ian F. Roman  Mitul Gandhi  Sonal Patel  Peter J. O'Brien 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2015,44(3):397-404

  相似文献   

Accumulation of Astaxanthin by a New Haematococcus pluvialis Strain BM1 from the White Sea Coastal Rocks (Russia)     

Konstantin Chekanov  Elena Lobakova  Irina Selyakh  Larisa Semenova  Roman Sidorov  Alexei Solovchenko 《Marine drugs》2014,12(8):4504-4520

We report on a novel arctic strain BM1 of a carotenogenic chlorophyte from a coastal habitat with harsh environmental conditions (wide variations in solar irradiance, temperature, salinity and nutrient availability) identified as Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow. Increased (25‰) salinity exerted no adverse effect on the growth of the green BM1 cells. Under stressful conditions (high light, nitrogen and phosphorus deprivation), green vegetative cells of H. pluvialis BM1 grown in BG11 medium formed non-motile palmelloid cells and, eventually, hematocysts capable of a massive accumulation of the keto-carotenoid astaxanthin with a high nutraceutical and therapeutic potential. Routinely, astaxanthin was accumulated at the level of 4% of the cell dry weight (DW), reaching, under prolonged stress, 5.5% DW. Astaxanthin was predominantly accumulated in the form of mono- and diesters of fatty acids from C16 and C18 families. The palmelloids and hematocysts were characterized by the formation of red-colored cytoplasmic lipid droplets, increasingly large in size and number. The lipid droplets tended to merge and occupied almost the entire volume of the cell at the advanced stages of stress-induced carotenogenesis. The potential application of the new strain for the production of astaxanthin is discussed in comparison with the H. pluvialis strains currently employed in microalgal biotechnology.  相似文献