Synthesis of large arrays of well-aligned carbon nanotubes on glass     

ZF Ren  ZP Huang  JW Xu  JH Wang  P Bush  MP Siegal  PN Provencio 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5391):1105-1107

Free-standing aligned carbon nanotubes have previously been grown above 700 degreesC on mesoporous silica embedded with iron nanoparticles. Here, carbon nanotubes aligned over areas up to several square centimeters were grown on nickel-coated glass below 666 degreesC by plasma-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition. Acetylene gas was used as the carbon source and ammonia gas was used as a catalyst and dilution gas. Nanotubes with controllable diameters from 20 to 400 nanometers and lengths from 0. 1 to 50 micrometers were obtained. Using this method, large panels of aligned carbon nanotubes can be made under conditions that are suitable for device fabrication.  相似文献   

Nutrition and Early Embryonic Development     

MP Boland  D O'Callaghan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1999,34(3-4):127-132

The -purpose of this paper is to examine mainly the role of energy intake on early embryo development. It has been shown that reduced energy intake can alter follicle growth patterns whereby follicle size is reduced and animals will have more waves of follicle growth throughout the cycle. In addition several studies have shown that high concentrate intake prior to or during superovulation will lead to reduced follicular growth and poorer embryo quality in beef heifers. In addition embryos recovered from animals on lower intakes have a better capacity to develop in short term culture in vitro. With a model using ovum pickup and in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture, it has not been possible to demonstrate clearly if the nutritional damage occurs prior to or after fertilization.  相似文献   

Detritus accumulation and decomposition in a coastal lake (Acquatina–southern Italy)     

M. Letizia Costantini  Loreto Rossi  Stefano Fazi  David Rossi 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2009,19(5):566-574

• 1. Knowledge about processes and dynamics underlying organic matter accumulation in transitional waters is crucial for the protection of these ecologically important coastal habitats. This study investigated the relationship between large particle accumulation and decomposition in a coastal lake included in a Site of Community Interest (SCI) using sediment trap and litterbag techniques.
• 2. Two sets of sediment traps were deployed at five sites along the longitudinal axis of the lake. One set was emptied once a month for 12 months, and the other twice a year. The contents of the monthly and the 6‐monthly traps and the superficial sediments were then compared to estimate the organic matter accumulation and loss. To determine the mass loss rate of the three major allochthonous sources of detritus (the reed Phragmites australis, the cordgrass Spartina juncea, and the seagrass Posidonia oceanica), litterbags were placed near the sediment traps at three out of the five sites at the beginning of each 6‐month period and retrieved monthly.
• 3. The amount of annual particulate organic matter (POM) deposition in the traps was 1320.2±58.5 g m^?2 y^?1 and consisted of 25% large particles (CPOM). Allochthonous litter comprised an important fraction of CPOM, and its breakdown rate changed with the plant species, site and season. Loss rate of CPOM accumulated at the lake bottom was significantly related with the mass loss rate of reed and cordgrass litter, but not with that of seagrass.
• 4. Due to slow litter breakdown and tidal landward advection, the lake acted as a sediment trap for allochthonous matter, especially from Posidonia. The important role of marine‐derived litter in organic matter sedimentation suggests addressing conservation strategies of the lake functioning towards the selective control of allochthonous CPOM inputs, in particular at the mouth where the incoming tide brings suspended material and salinity decelerates matter flow to the sea and decomposition. This study supports the hypothesis that sedimentation and decomposition dynamics are important factors for coastal lake evolution, and shows litterbag and sediment trap techniques as simple useful investigation tools in management strategies aiming at conserving transitional waters.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Dietary β‐carotene improves growth performance and antioxidant status of juvenile Piaractus mesopotamicus     

Carla Bacchetta  Andrea S. Rossi  Raúl E. Cian  Silvina R. Drago  Jimena Cazenave 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(4):761-769

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary synthetic β‐carotene on growth performance, haematological and immunological parameters, energy reserves and antioxidant status of juvenile fish Piaractus mesopotamicus. Two hundred and ten fish (12.24 ± 2.98 g) were fed with a control extruded feed (CEF) and the same diet supplemented with β‐carotene (BEF) for 90 days. A higher weight gain and specific growth rate were found in fish fed BEF in comparison with those fed CEF. In addition, BEF‐fed fish showed lower liver somatic index and a higher percentage of eosinophils. No statistical differences were found in energy reserves, except for plasma triglycerides which decreased in fish fed with BEF. Regarding oxidative stress markers, decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes were found in intestine and gills of BEF‐fed fish (SOD and GST, respectively). In the liver, both LPO levels and CAT activity decreased in fish fed with BEF. Additionally, lower brain LPO levels without changes in the antioxidant enzymes were observed in BEF‐fed fish. The inclusion of dietary synthetic β‐carotene improved growth and antioxidant status, and had a plasma triglyceride‐lowering effect in juvenile P. mesopotamicus.  相似文献   

Cardiac cholesterol granulomas in a piper gurnard, Trigla lyra (L.)     

G E Magi  M Iannaccone  C Gili  G Rossi 《Journal of fish diseases》2009,32(5):473-475

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Drosophila suzukii population response to environment and management strategies     

Nik G. Wiman  Daniel T. Dalton  Gianfranco Anfora  Antonio Biondi  Joanna C. Chiu  Kent M. Daane  Beverly Gerdeman  Angela Gottardello  Kelly A. Hamby  Rufus Isaacs  Alberto Grassi  Claudio Ioriatti  Jana C. Lee  Betsey Miller  M. Valerio Rossi Stacconi  Peter W. Shearer  Lynell Tanigoshi  Xingeng Wang  Vaughn M. Walton 《Journal of pest science》2016,89(3):653-665

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Dispersal of conidia of Fusicladium eriobotryae and spatial patterns of scab in loquat orchards in Spain     

Elisa González-Domínguez  Vittorio Rossi  Sami Jorge Michereff  José García-Jiménez  Josep Armengol 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(4):849-861

Dispersal of conidia of Fusicladium eriobotryae, the causal agent of loquat scab, was investigated in two loquat orchards in Spain from 2010 to 2012. A volumetric spore sampler, horizontally and vertically orientated microscope slides, and rain collectors were placed in loquat fields to trap conidia of F. eriobotryae. No conidia were collected in the volumetric sampler, and highly variable numbers of conidia were collected in the rain gatherers. Large numbers of conidia were collected by microscope slides, particularly by those held in a horizontal orientation compared with those held in a vertical orientation. Approximately 90 % of the F. eriobotryae conidia were collected during rainy periods. Based on ROC and Bayesian analysis, using ≥ 0.2 mm rainfall as a cut-off value resulted in a high probability of correctly predicting actual conidial dispersal, and had a low probability of failing to predict actual conidial dispersal. Based on the index of dispersion and the binary power law, the incidence of loquat scab on fruit was highly aggregated in space between and within trees, and aggregation was influenced by disease incidence. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that F. eriobotryae is dispersed mainly in rain splash. The results will be integrated into a mechanistic, weather-driven, disease prediction model that should help growers to minimize fungicide application for the management of loquat scab.  相似文献   

Indicating soil quality and the GISQ     

J.-P. Rossi  A. Franc 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(2):444-445

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Prostatic Perfusion in the Dog Using Contrast-Enhanced Doppler Ultrasound     

M Russo  M Vignoli  G Catone  F Rossi  G Attanasi  GCW England 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):334-335

Ultrasonography has become the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of the prostate gland in the dog. Unfortunately, despite providing excellent images, it may be difficult to differentiate the common canine prostatic diseases with ultrasound because many have a similar ultrasonographic appearance. Real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used to monitor and characterise the normal perfusion pattern and perfusion dynamics of the canine prostate gland when using a micro bubble contrast agent. In all contrast studies, the prostatic artery, entered the prostate gland on the dorso-lateral surface then tunnelled into the prostatic capsule and branched into many small parenchymal arteries which were directed medially towards the urethra to supply the body of the prostate gland. The flow of the contrast medium into the prostatic parenchyma was visible after 15 s. During the wash-in phase, there was an homogenous enhancement of the prostatic parenchyma. During the wash-out phase, an homogenous decrease of the echogenicity was visible in all cases.  相似文献   

Colonisation of native and exotic conifers by indigenous bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in France   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Coralie Bertheau  Aurlien Salle  Jean-Pierre Rossi  Stphanie Bankhead-dronnet  Xavier Pineau  Graldine Roux-morabito  Franois Lieutier 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009,258(7):1619-1628

Planting exotic conifers offers indigenous forest insects an opportunity to extend their host range and eventually to become significant pests. Knowing the ecological and evolutionary modalities driving the colonisation of exotic tree species by indigenous insects is thus of primary importance. We compared the bark beetle communities (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) associated with both native and introduced conifers in France. The aim of our study was to estimate the influence of both host- and insect-related factors on the beetles’ likelihood to shift onto new hosts. We considered the influence of host origin (i.e. native vs. exotic), host tree species identity, tree bark thickness and tree taxonomic proximity, as well as insects’ host specificity. A field inventory using trap trees was carried out in two regions in France (Limousin and Jura) during two consecutive years (2006 and 2007) on three European native conifer species [Norway spruce (Picea abies); Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and European Silver-fir (Abies alba)] and five North American [Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis); Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus); Grand fir (Abies grandis); Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and Western red cedar (Thuja plicata)]. A total of 18 indigenous and 2 exotic bark beetle species were collected. All exotic conifer species were colonised by indigenous bark beetle species and no significant difference was observed of the cumulated species richness of the latter between native and exotic tree species (13 vs. 14, P < 0.05). The ability of indigenous bark beetles to shift onto exotic conifers appeared to strongly depend on host species (significantly structuring bark beetle assemblages), the presence of phylogenetically related native conifer species and that of similar resources, in combination with insect host specificity. Host tree species status (native or exotic) also seemed to be involved, but its effect did not seem as essential as that of the previous factors. These findings are discussed in terms of adaptation, plasticity and practical aspects of forest management.  相似文献