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91.
Prevalence of canine distemper virus, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus in captive African lions (Panthera leo) in Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Endo Y Uema M Miura R Tsukiyama-Kohara K Tsujimoto H Yoneda K Kai C 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(12):1587-1589
Sero-prevalences of canine distemper virus (CDV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) were evaluated in 20 captive lions in two Japanese zoos. Anti-CDV antibody was detected in 13 of 20 lions. We could pursue antibody responses against CDV in three lions back to 1996. Sera collected in 1996 were negative for anti-CDV antibody, therefore, all of them showed sero-conversion in 2000. This result suggested that the epidemic of CDV infection in this zoo might have happened between 1996 and 2000. The lions were also examined for FIV and FeLV infections. We had no evidence for FeLV infection but eight lions were sero-positive for anti-FIV antibody. 相似文献
92.
Hasebe R Kimura T Nakamura K Okazaki K Ochiai K Wada R Umemura T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(10):907-912
Intracerebral inoculation of field-isolates as well as established strains of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in suckling mice results in viral replication in neurons and glial cells and induces encephalitis. By intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation, no histological lesion was observed in the central nervous system (CNS) in suckling mice with the EHV-1 HH1 strain (HH1), whereas a neuroadapted variant (NHH1) produced by serial passage of HH1 in the mouse brain caused severe encephalomyelitis after i.p. inoculation. The purpose of this study was to determine the route of neuroinvasion after i.p. inoculation of NHH1 and to clarify the effects of the brain passage on viral neuroinvasion. NHH1, but not HH1, targeted splenic and pulmonary macrophages and omental fat cells on days 1 and 2 post-inoculation (p.i.). From days 1 to 3 p.i., cell-associated viremia was occurred in NHH1-infected mice, but not in HH1-infected mice. On day 4 p.i., viral antigen was detected in a few endothelial cells, perivascular glial cells and neurons in the CNS in NHH1-infected mice. The number of viral antigen-positive cells increased markedly after day 5 p.i. In contrast, no viral antigen-positive cell was detected in the CNS in HH1-infected mice, except for a few nerve cells in the thoracic cord on day 4 p.i. These results suggest that NHH1 neuroinvasion is hematogenous and is correlated with enhanced extraneural virus growth. 相似文献
93.
Yusuke Komiya Toshiya Nakamura Momoko Ishii Kuniyoshi Shimizu Eri Hiraki Fuminori Kawabata Mako Nakamura Ryuichi Tatsumi Yoshihide Ikeuchi Wataru Mizunoya 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(6):781-789
Skeletal muscle fiber is largely classified into two types: type 1 (slow‐twitch) and type 2 (fast‐twitch) fibers. Meat quality and composition of fiber types are thought to be closely related. Previous research showed that overexpression of constitutively active peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)δ, a nuclear receptor present in skeletal muscle, increased type 1 fibers in mice. In this study, we found that hexane extracts of Yamabushitake mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) showed PPARδ agonistic activity in vitro. Eight‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) freeze‐dried Yamabushitake mushroom for 24 hr. After the treatment period, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were excised. The Yamabushitake‐supplemented diet up‐regulated the PPARδ target genes Pdk4 and Ucp3 in mouse skeletal muscles in vivo. Furthermore, feeding the Yamabushitake‐supplemented diet to mice for 8 weeks resulted in a significant increase in muscle endurance. These results indicate that Yamabushitake mushroom contains PPARδ agonistic ligands and that dietary intake of Yamabushitake mushroom could activate PPARδ in skeletal muscle of mice. Unexpectedly, we observed no significant alterations in composition of muscle fiber types between the mice fed control and Yamabushitake‐supplemented diets. 相似文献
94.
Hidehiko OGAWA Ryuichi TAKYU Hiromu MORIMOTO Shuntaro TOEI Hiroshi SAKON Shiori GOTO Shota MORIYA Tomohiro KONO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2016,62(1):51-58
We previously established trophoblast stem cells from mouse androgenetic embryos (AGTS cells). In this
study, to further characterize AGTS cells, we compared cell proliferation activity between trophoblast stem
(TS) cells and AGTS cells under fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) signaling. TS cells continued to proliferate
and maintained mitotic cell division in the presence of FGF4. After FGF4 deprivation, the cell proliferation
stopped, the rate of M-phase cells decreased, and trophoblast giant cells formed. In contrast, some of AGTS
cells continued to proliferate, and the rate of M-phase cells did not decrease after FGF4 deprivation,
although the other cells differentiated into giant cells. RO3306, an ATP competitor that selectively inhibits
CDK1, inhibited the cell proliferation of both TS and AGTS cells. Under RO3306 treatment, cell death was
induced in AGTS cells but not in TS cells. These results indicate that RO3306 caused TS cells to shift mitotic
cell division to endoreduplication but that some of AGTS cells did not shift to endoreduplication and induced
cell death. In conclusion, the paternal genome facilitated the proliferation of trophoblast cells without FGF4
signaling. 相似文献
95.
Ke Pan Chiaki Tanaka Masanori Inagaki Ryuichi Higuchi Tomofumi Miyamoto 《Marine drugs》2012,10(11):2467-2480
Three new ganglioside molecular species, termed PNG-1, PNG-2A, and PNG-2B were isolated from pyloric caeca of the starfish Protoreaster nodosus. Their structures were elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods, and characterized as 1-O-[8-O-methyl-N-acetyl-α-neuraminosyl-(2→3)-β-galactopyranosyl]-ceramide for PNG-1, 1-O-[β-galactofuranosyl-(1→3)-α-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-8-O-methyl-N-acetyl-α-neuraminosyl-(2→3)-β-galactopyranosyl]-ceramide for PNG-2A, and 1-O-[β-galactofuranosyl-(1→3)-α-galactopyranosyl-(1→9)-N-acetyl-α-neuraminosyl-(2→3)-β-galactopyranosyl]-ceramide for PNG-2B. PNG-2A and PNG-2B represent the first GM4 elongation products in nature. 相似文献
96.
Ryuichi TATSUMI 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(1):11-20
In undamaged postnatal muscle fibers with normal contraction and relaxation activities, quiescent satellite cells of resident myogenic stem cells are interposed between the overlying external lamina and the sarcolemma of a subjacent mature muscle fiber. When muscle is injured, exercised, overused or mechanically stretched, these cells are activated to enter the cell proliferation cycle, divide, differentiate, and fuse with the adjacent muscle fiber, and are responsible for regeneration and work-induced hypertrophy of muscle fibers. Therefore, a mechanism must exist to translate mechanical changes in muscle tissue into chemical signals that can activate satellite cells. Recent studies of satellite cells or single muscle fibers in culture and in vivo demonstrated the essential role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and nitric oxide (NO) radical in the activation pathway. These experiments have also reported that mechanically stretching satellite cells or living skeletal muscles triggers the activation by rapid release of HGF from its extracellular tethering and the subsequent presentation to the receptor c-met. HGF release has been shown to rely on calcium-calmodulin formation and NO radical production in satellite cells and/or muscle fibers in response to the mechanical perturbation, and depend on the subsequent up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. These results indicate that the activation mechanism is a cascade of events including calcium ion influx, calcium-calmodulin formation, NO synthase activation, NO radical production, MMP activation, HGF release and binding to c-met. Better understanding of 'mechano-biology' on the satellite cell activation is essential for designing procedures that could enhance muscle growth and repair activities in meat-animal agriculture and also in neuromuscular disease and aging in humans. 相似文献
97.
Takahiro SUZUKI Hideyuki TAKAISHI Tomowa SAKATA Mai‐Khoi Q. DO Minako HARA Akiko SATO Wataru MIZUNOYA Takanori NISHIMURA Akihito HATTORI Yoshihide IKEUCHI Ryuichi TATSUMI 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(2):245-251
Satellite cells, resident myogenic stem cells found in postnatal skeletal muscle, are most abundant during early postnatal development and sharply decline in frequency thereafter to adult levels in mice and rats. Therefore, postnatal changes in satellite cell mitotic activities are important aspects for further understanding a muscle growth strategy. In large meat‐production animals, however, the traditional in vivo proliferation assay may be less realistic because it requires intra‐peritoneal (ip) injection of huge dosage of mutagenic nucleosides, 3H‐labeled thymidine or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), at each age‐time of sacrifice. We report in the present pilot study using rats that in vivo proliferation activity of satellite cells can be evaluated by an in vitro BrdU‐incorporation assay in early cultures. Briefly, satellite cells were prepared from upper hind‐limb and back muscles and maintained for 24 h with imposing by BrdU addition for the last 2 h, followed by the regular immunocytochemistry for determining BrdU‐incorporated cell percentage. This in vitro assay demonstrated a rapid decrease in proliferating satellite cell frequency to the adult level during about 3‐month period after birth, and yielded a high correlation to the measurements by the in vivo BrdU ip‐injection method during the postnatal period examined from day‐2 to month‐11. The in vitro proliferation assay may be further adaptable for large domestic animals by the combination with a muscle biopsy technique that enables age‐interval sampling from the same growing animals. 相似文献
98.
Kiyoshi AKIYAMA Jun KOBAYASHI Yoshimasa SATO Ryuichi SATA Megumi OHASHI Emi SASAKI Yorimasa ODA Yoshio OGAWA Shuji UEDA Hisashi NABENISHI Satoko MATOBA 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(4):461-466
The objective of this study was to develop an in‐straw dilution method suitable for direct transfer of vitrified bovine sexed embryos. Embryo sexing was performed by molecular diagnosis. Several sexed and vitrified‐warmed embryos were transferred after evaluation of morphologically embryonic survival at warming and in‐straw dilution (Evaluation group). The other embryos were immediately directly transferred to recipients without first being expelled from the straws after in‐straw dilution (Non‐evaluation group). The pregnancy rates of vitrified sexed embryos were 38.7% and 34.8% in the Evaluation group and Non‐evaluation group, respectively, which were not significantly different. The viability of lower quality embryos before vitrification tended to be lower (P = 0.087) than that of the higher quality embryos regardless of evaluating embryos after warming and in‐straw dilution. The abortion rates were similar, and there was no difference between the two groups (13.9% and 12.5%, respectively). These results demonstrate that vitrified bovine sexed embryos can be vitrified and diluted by the in‐straw method and that the vitrified and warmed sexed embryos can develop to term. 相似文献
99.
Ryota Suwa Masako Nakamura Masaya Morita Kazuaki Shimada Akira Iguchi Kazuhiko Sakai Atsushi Suzuki 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(1):93-99
Ocean acidification, caused by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, is currently an important environmental problem. It is therefore necessary to investigate the effects of ocean acidification on all life stages of a wide range of marine organisms. However, few studies have examined the effects of increased CO2 on early life stages of organisms, including corals. Using a range of pH values (pH 7.3, 7.6, and 8.0) in manipulative duplicate aquarium experiments, we have evaluated the effects of increased CO2 on early life stages (larval and polyp stages) of Acropora spp. with the aim of estimating CO2 tolerance thresholds at these stages. Larval survival rates did not differ significantly between the reduced pH and control conditions. In contrast, polyp growth and algal infection rates were significantly decreased at reduced pH levels compared to control conditions. These results suggest that future ocean acidification may lead to reduced primary polyp growth and delayed establishment of symbiosis. Stress exposure experiments using longer experimental time scales and lower levels of CO2 concentrations than those used in this study are needed to establish the threshold of CO2 emissions required to sustain coral reef ecosystems. 相似文献
100.
Yusuke Ito Hiroki Yasuma Reiji Masuda Kenji Minami Ryuichi Matsukura Saho Morioka Kazushi Miyashita 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(2):161-167
The swimming angle of larval Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) was measured in a tank, and target strength (TS) was calculated using a theoretical scattering model. The mean swimming
angle was 12.8° (SD ±22.1). Increased speeds of flow led to increased mean swimming angles. The mean swimming angle at flow
of 5 cm s−1 was higher than at other speeds. TS values were estimated using a distorted-wave Born approximation model for two cases.
Average values were 1–3 cm s−1 (11.5° ± 22.1) and 5 cm s−1 (16.6° ± 21.7) for cases 1 and 2, respectively. For case 1, TS ranged from −92.0 to −74.7 dB with a mean of −79.4 dB at 120 kHz.
For case 2, TS ranged from −92.2 to −75.2 dB with a mean of −79.9 dB. The mean TS in case 2 was lower than that in case 1,
with the maximum difference being 1.0 dB at 120 kHz (standard length 22.0 mm). However, there were no significant differences
between the regression lines of cases 1 and 2. Thus, changes in flow speed altered the swimming angle of larval Japanese anchovy,
but had little influence on TS. 相似文献