The respiration in the roots of broad bean and barley under a moderate potassium deficiency     

Saburo Okamoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):175-182

The previous work on the respiration in taro plants (1) suggests that superior activities of the glycolysis and the Krebs cycle in these plant tissues under a moderate K-deficiency may be reduced a) with advancing plant maturation, b) with extended K-deficiency, or c) with increasing damage in the metabolism itself, due to unfavourable treatments. Thus the question arises where a critical point of potassium deficiency resulting in a higher respiration rate compared with its normal status should be set up in each plant species, giving careful consideration to the physiological and environmental conditions of the plant concerned. This work was undertaken in an attempt to compare the effects of potassium nutrition on the respiration in the roots of broad bean and barley with those in a longer term culture of taro plants (1).  相似文献   

Timing of Puberty and Its Relationship with Body Growth and Season in Male Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Hokkaido     

Minami W. OKUYAMA  Michito SHIMOZURU  Go ABE  Mariko NAKAI  Mariko SASHIKA  Ken-Ichiro SHIMADA  Nobuhiro TAKAHASHI  Daisuke FUKUI  Ryohei NAKAMURA  Toshio TSUBOTA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(4):361-367

The raccoon (Procyon lotor), indigenous to North America, has naturalized in Japan as an invasive alien species, having been introduced into the country in the 1970s. In Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan, feral raccoons have been increasing in number and spreading throughout the island. The age at the onset of puberty for raccoons is important for estimating individual lifetime reproductive success and population growth. The present study investigated the timing of and potential factors affecting the onset of puberty in male raccoons in Hokkaido. External characteristics and histology of testes were studied in 151 male feral raccoons and in 1 captive juvenile. For the majority of feral yearling raccoons, prepubertal development began in May, and spermatozoa production began in October prior to their second mating season. However, some larger juveniles attained puberty during the juvenile period. The captive juvenile, which was fed throughout the winter, attained puberty only 11 months after birth. These results suggest that if male raccoons can achieve enough body growth before the first mating season, puberty can be attained early. In both juveniles and yearlings, spermatozoa production was only observed after autumn. This timing coincided with the recrudescence of seasonally active spermatogenesis in adult males. Therefore, attaining puberty in male raccoons appears to require both adequate body nutrient development and several environmental factors that control seasonal testicular changes.  相似文献   

Development of PCR-based DNA marker for detection of white carrot contamination caused by Y2 locus     

Taeko Shibaya  Chika Kuroda  Shinobu Nakayama  Chiharu Minami  Akiko Obara  Takayoshi Fujii  Sachiko Isobe 《Breeding Science》2021,71(2):201

In carrot (Daucus carota L.), the taproot colors orange, yellow and white are determined mostly by the Y, Y2, and Or loci. One of the most severe issues in carrot seed production is contamination by wild white carrot. To evaluate the contamination ratio, easily detectable DNA markers for white carrot are desired. To develop PCR-based DNA markers for the Y2 locus, we have re-sequenced two orange-colored carrot cultivars at our company (Fujii Seed, Japan), as well as six white- and one light-orange-colored carrots that contaminated our seed products. Within the candidate region previously reported for the Y2 locus, only one DNA marker, Y2_7, clearly distinguished white carrots from orange ones in the re-sequenced samples. The Y2_7 marker was further examined in 12 of the most popular hybrid orange cultivars in Japan, as well as ‘Nantes’ and ‘Chantenay Red Cored 2’. The Y2_7 marker showed that all of the orange cultivars examined had the orange allele except for ‘Beta-441’. False white was detected in the orange-colored ‘Beta-441’. The Y2_7 marker detected white root carrot contamination in an old open-pollinated Japanese cultivar, ‘Nakamura Senkou Futo’. This marker would be a useful tool in a carrot seed quality control for some cultivars.  相似文献   

Metabolomic Analyses of Blood Plasma after Oral Administration of D-Glucosamine Hydrochloride to Dogs     

Tomohiro Osaki  Kazuo Azuma  Seiji Kurozumi  Yoshimori Takamori  Takeshi Tsuka  Tomohiro Imagawa  Yoshiharu Okamoto  Saburo Minami 《Marine drugs》2012,10(8):1873-1882

D-Glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN∙HCl) is an endogenous amino monosaccharide synthesized from glucose that is useful in the treatment of joint diseases in both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to examine amino acid metabolism in dogs after oral administration of GlcN∙HCl. Accelerated fumarate respiration and elevated plasma levels of lactic acid and alanine were observed after administration. These results suggest that oral administration of GlcN∙HCl induces anaerobic respiration and starvation in cells, and we hypothesize that these conditions promote cartilage regeneration. Further studies are required to evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β).  相似文献   

Effects of Oral Administration of Fucoidan Extracted from Cladosiphon okamuranus on Tumor Growth and Survival Time in a Tumor-Bearing Mouse Model     

Kazuo Azuma  Toshitsugu Ishihara  Hiroyuki Nakamoto  Takao Amaha  Tomohiro Osaki  Takeshi Tsuka  Tomohiro Imagawa  Saburo Minami  Osamu Takashima  Shinsuke Ifuku  Minoru Morimoto  Hiroyuki Saimoto  Hitoshi Kawamoto  Yoshiharu Okamoto 《Marine drugs》2012,10(10):2337-2348

We evaluated the anti-tumor activities of the oral administration of fucoidan extracted from Cladosiphon okamuranus using a tumor (colon 26)-bearing mouse model. The materials used included low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMWF: 6.5–40 kDa), intermediate-molecular-weight fucoidan (IMWF: 110–138 kDa) and high-molecular-weight fucoidan (HMWF: 300–330 kDa). The IMWF group showed significantly suppressed tumor growth. The LMWF and HMWF groups showed significantly increased survival times compared with that observed in the control group (mice fed a fucoidan-free diet). The median survival times in the control, LMWF, IMWF and HMWF groups were 23, 46, 40 and 43 days, respectively. It was also found that oral administration of fucoidan increased the population of natural killer cells in the spleen. Furthermore, from the results of the experiment using Myd-88 knockout mice, it was found that these effects are related to gut immunity. These results suggest that fucoidan is a candidate anti-tumor functional food.  相似文献   

Distribution,body length,and abundance of blue shark and shortfin mako offshore of northeastern Japan,as determined from observed pelagic longline data, 2000–2014          下载免费PDF全文

Seiji Ohshimo  Yuki Fujinami  Ko Shiozaki  Mikihiko Kai  Yasuko Semba  Nobuhiro Katsumata  Daisuke Ochi  Hiroaki Matsunaga  Hiroshi Minami  Masashi Kiyota  Kotaro Yokawa 《Fisheries Oceanography》2016,25(3):259-276

Longline surveys have been conducted in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from 2000 to 2014 using chartered commercial longline vessels. Each year, two cruises were conducted offshore of northeastern Japan from mid‐April to mid‐June. For each longline set during the surveys, onboard scientists collected detailed biological information about the species caught, such as the size and sex, and recorded the catch numbers for all species. Blue shark (Prionace glauca) and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) have eurythermal distributions, but the application of a generalized additive model (GAM) showed that the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at catch sites positive for shortfin mako were warmer than those for blue shark. On the basis of the GAM, the probabilities of occurrence of both sharks differed by size category: small sharks had a narrower SST range than that of large sharks. Most catches of both sharks were juveniles, and the nominal catch rate of blue shark was more than 10 times that of shortfin mako. The standardized catch per unit effort (CPUE) for both species was calculated using a generalized linear model (GLM) with negative binomial errors, or a delta‐lognormal GLM. The standardized CPUE for blue shark in the second quarter of the year peaked in the mid‐2000s and then decreased, but it has been increasing since 2012. The CPUE for shortfin mako in the second quarter generally increased, with fluctuations.  相似文献   

Development of EST-SSR markers and construction of a linkage map in faba bean (Vicia faba)     

Walid El-Rodeny  Mitsuhiro Kimura  Hideki Hirakawa  Attia Sabah  Kenta Shirasawa  Shusei Sato  Satoshi Tabata  Shigemi Sasamoto  Akiko Watanabe  Kumiko Kawashima  Midori Kato  Tsuyuko Wada  Hisano Tsuruoka  Chika Takahashi  Chiharu Minami  Keiko Nanri  Shinobu Nakayama  Mitsuyo Kohara  Manabu Yamada  Yoshie Kishida  Tsunakazu Fujishiro  Sachiko Isobe 《Breeding Science》2014,64(3):252-263

To develop a high density linkage map in faba bean, a total of 1,363 FBES (Faba bean expressed sequence tag [EST]-derived simple sequence repeat [SSR]) markers were designed based on 5,090 non-redundant ESTs developed in this study. A total of 109 plants of a ‘Nubaria 2’ × ‘Misr 3’ F₂ mapping population were used for map construction. Because the parents were not pure homozygous lines, the 109 F₂ plants were divided into three subpopulations according to the original F₁ plants. Linkage groups (LGs) generated in each subpopulation were integrated by commonly mapped markers. The integrated ‘Nubaria 2’ × ‘Misr 3’ map consisted of six LGs, representing a total length of 684.7 cM, with 552 loci. Of the mapped loci, 47% were generated from multi-loci diagnostic (MLD) markers. Alignment of homologous sequence pairs along each linkage group revealed obvious syntenic relationships between LGs in faba bean and the genomes of two model legumes, Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula. In a polymorphic analysis with ten Egyptian faba bean varieties, 78.9% (384/487) of the FBES markers showed polymorphisms. Along with the EST-SSR markers, the dense map developed in this study is expected to accelerate marker assisted breeding in faba bean.  相似文献   

Non-destructive determination of the optimum eating ripeness of pears and their texture measurements using acoustical vibration techniques     

Mitsuru Taniwaki  Takanori Hanada  Minami Tohro  Naoki Sakurai 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(3):305-310

  相似文献   

Metabolomic Analysis of Blood Plasma after Oral Administration of N-acetyl-d-Glucosamine in Dogs     

Tomohiro Osaki  Seiji Kurozumi  Kimihiko Sato  Taro Terashi  Kazuo Azuma  Yusuke Murahata  Takeshi Tsuka  Norihiko Ito  Tomohiro Imagawa  Saburo Minami  Yoshiharu Okamoto 《Marine drugs》2015,13(8):5007-5015

N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is a monosaccharide that polymerizes linearly through (1,4)-β-linkages. GlcNAc is the monomeric unit of the polymer chitin. GlcNAc is a basic component of hyaluronic acid and keratin sulfate found on the cell surface. The aim of this study was to examine amino acid metabolism after oral GlcNAc administration in dogs. Results showed that plasma levels of ectoine were significantly higher after oral administration of GlcNAc than prior to administration (p < 0.001). To our knowledge, there have been no reports of increased ectoine concentrations in the plasma. The mechanism by which GlcNAc administration leads to increased ectoine plasma concentration remains unclear; future studies are required to clarify this mechanism.  相似文献   

Protective Effect of Chitin Urocanate Nanofibers against Ultraviolet Radiation     

Ikuko Ito  Toshikazu Yoneda  Yoshihiko Omura  Tomohiro Osaki  Shinsuke Ifuku  Hiroyuki Saimoto  Kazuo Azuma  Tomohiro Imagawa  Takeshi Tsuka  Yusuke Murahata  Norihiko Ito  Yoshiharu Okamoto  Saburo Minami 《Marine drugs》2015,13(12):7463-7475

Urocanic acid is a major ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing chromophore. Chitins are highly crystalline structures that are found predominantly in crustacean shells. Alpha-chitin consists of microfibers that contain nanofibrils embedded in a protein matrix. Acid hydrolysis is a common method used to prepare chitin nanofibrils (NFs). We typically obtain NFs by hydrolyzing chitin with acetic acid. However, in the present study, we used urocanic acid to prepare urocanic acid chitin NFs (UNFs) and examined its protective effect against UVB radiation. Hos: HR-1 mice coated with UNFs were UVB irradiated (302 nm, 150 mJ/cm²), and these mice showed markedly lower UVB radiation-induced cutaneous erythema than the control. Additionally, sunburn cells were rarely detected in the epidermis of UNFs-coated mice after UVB irradiation. Although the difference was not as significant as UNFs, the number of sunburn cells in mice treated with acetic acid chitin nanofibrils (ANFs) tended to be lower than in control mice. These results demonstrate that ANFs have a protective effect against UVB and suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of NFs influence the protective effect of ANFs against UVB radiation. The combination of NFs with other substances that possess UV-protective effects, such as urocanic acid, may provide an enhanced protective effect against UVB radiation.  相似文献