杧果新病害露水斑病病原菌对杀菌剂敏感性测定     

杨永利  张贺  刘晓妹  周碧杭  王赛格  蒲金基 《果树学报》2015,(1):123-127

【目的】探讨防治大田杧果露水斑病的有效方法,为了给该病的大田防治提供科学依据。【方法】采用生长速率法,通过初筛从30种杀菌剂中筛选出了11种抑菌率大于50%的杀菌剂,并进行了室内毒力测定。【结果】抑菌效果较好的是吡唑醚菌酯、多抗霉素B、多菌灵、苯醚甲环唑、咪酰胺、苯甲丙环唑(爱苗)、溴菌腈,EC50介于0.17~0.59 mg·L-1;其次是氟硅唑、丙环唑,EC50介于0.73~0.80 mg·L-1;较差的是肟菌·戊唑醇和戊唑醇,EC50接近于2 mg·L-1。从斜率值来看,该病菌对多菌灵、溴菌腈、苯醚甲环唑的敏感性较强。【结论】吡唑醚菌酯、多抗霉素B、多菌灵、溴菌腈、咪酰胺和苯醚甲环唑具有较好的应用潜力,值得进一步大田试验。  相似文献   

一种适于PCR扩增的蓖麻基因组DNA提取方法     

黄文霞  何觉民  朱宏波 《中国农学通报》2007,23(11):61-63

报道了一种从蓖麻叶片中提取DNA的改良SDS方法,该方法提取的DNA经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,获得的DNA条带较亮且无明显拖尾现象。利用ISSR引物对提取的蓖麻基因组DNA进行PCR检测,能够获得清晰稳定的条带。说明该方法提取的蓖麻基因组DNA能够满足PCR反应的需要。  相似文献   

河西地区沙产业可持续发展刍议   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

贺访印  王继和  刘世增  方峨天  李亚 《中国农学通报》2006,22(7):481-485

通过对河西走廊荒漠化现状的分析评价,从河西地区的资源与区位优势、水土资源条件、农林牧业发展状况、产业结构布局等方面,分析了河西地区沙产业发展的必要性和现实意义。提出了河西地区沙产业发展的方向是:以水资源的持续、合理利用为目标,农林牧、粮经草全面、协调发展,发展生态产业,培育产业经济带,延伸产业链,形成结构合理的沙产业发展格局。引进节水、高效的植物种、品种和优良家畜,发展苜蓿草产业、麻黄、甘草、黄芪等中药产业、肉羊和肉牛等暖棚式舍饲畜产业、棉花和马铃薯产业、酿造葡萄产业和日光温室蔬菜、花卉产业等,构建河西走廊复合的农林牧生产系统,促进荒漠绿洲沙产业的持续发展。  相似文献   

蒲公英酶解抗菌肽的分析     

林贺  金平  杨培国  唐姗  张辉  尹春梅 《分子植物育种》2020,(10):3388-3394

为拓展蒲公英抗菌肽在抗菌类新药领域的开发应用,利用酶解法制备蒲公英抗菌肽对比蒲公英蛋白大于10 kD组分、3~10 kD组分、1~3 kD组分、小于1 kD组分的抑菌活性,根据筛选结果对抑菌活性较强的组分使用LC-MS技术进行结构解析来分析药效物质基础。结果表明:各组分对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长抑制活性顺序为酶解肽>小于1 kD组分>1~3 kD组分>3~10 kD组分>大于10 kD组分>空白对照。推断分析小于1 kD组分结构发现3个寡肽:PGYGT-T1的结构为NH2-Asp-Val-COOH,PGYGT-T2的结构为NH2-Asn-Glu-COOH,PGYGT-T3的结构为NH2-Val-Arg-COOH;推断分析酶解肽结构发现3个寡肽:PGYGT-M1的结构为NH2-PHe-Lys-COOH或NH2-PHe-Gln-COOH,PGYGT-M2的结构为NH2-His-Cys-COOH,PGYGT-M3的结构为NH2-Val-Arg-COOH,结果说明蒲公英抑菌活性最好的酶解肽组分和小于1 kD组分药效物质均为寡肽类成分。该研究为蒲公英蛋白肽的开发利用及蒲公英抗菌肽新药的生产提供帮助。  相似文献   

Genetic analyses of agronomic and seed quality traits of doubled haploid population in Brassica napus through microspore culture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Q. Zhang  Y. He  L. Xu  G. X. Tang  W. J. Zhou 《Euphytica》2006,149(1-2):169-177

Summary The results showed that the F1 genotype from the cross (Brassica napus cv. Zheshuang 758 × cv. Z-4115) had good response to embryogenesis, and their embryo yield and rate of plant regeneration reached 69.8 embryo/bud and 46.9%, respectively. Characters from the doubled haploid (DH) populations in B. napus were analyzed and it was showed that the means of each agronomic trait were between their parents, but they were nearer to the paternal in 6 agronomic traits (plant height, branch position, number of pods in the main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod). The number of genes controlling each agronomic trait was analyzed based on the DH populations. The results showed that the number of genes controlling number of pods in the main raceme was the highest (15.6), and the least number of genes was involved for stem width (only 7.9). According to estimated coefficients of skewness and kurtosis of the traits tested, gene interaction was found to be absent for stem width, plant height, length of main raceme, number of primary and secondary branches, pod density in the main raceme and seed weight/plant. Complementary interaction was also observed in five agronomic traits (number of pods in the main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and 1000-seed weight). A significantly positive correlation was observed between seed yield/plant and four agronomic traits (length of main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant and 1000-seed weight). The experiment also showed that the erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil and protein contents of DH populations were 34.23%, 87.09 μmol/g, 44.09% and 42.67%, respectively. The numbers of genes controlling each quality trait were 7.8, 9.7, 9.4 and 8.7, respectively. Partial correlations between the seed quality traits and the agronomic characters of DH populations were analyzed. In this experiment, the partial correlations among seed quality traits were also analyzed and it was found that the oil content had a negative correlation with the other three seed quality traits.  相似文献   

The global adaptation of bread wheat at high latitudes     

R. M. Trethowan  Alexei Morgunov  Zhonghu He  R. De Pauw  J. Crossa  M. Warburton  Arman Baytasov  Chunli Zhang  M. Mergoum  G. Alvarado 《Euphytica》2006,152(3):303-316

Spring sown bread wheat is grown at high latitudes in Europe, Asia and North America. However, it is not clear what the associations are among environments, particularly in Asia and North America, and whether or not cultivars developed in one region may adapt in another. A yield trial comprised of cultivars developed in northern Kazakhstan, western Siberia, the Canadian Prairies, northern USA, northeastern China and broadly adapted genotypes bred by CIMMYT in Mexico was planted in all the above mentioned environments in 2002–2004. In general, cultivars performed best within the regions they were developed. However, cultivars developed in northern Kazakhstan/western Siberia were the most broadly adapted at high latitudes; they were not significantly different for grain yield from the locally developed cultivars in both China and Canada. Stronger photoperiod response, greater plant height and larger seed weight appeared to be key adaptive features of these materials. At lower latitudes, the Kazakh/Siberian cultivars were significantly lower yielding than all other materials. When low latitude Mexican sites were removed from the analysis, the Chinese locations tended to associate, whereas most Canadian and Kazak/Siberian locations were negatively associated with those from China. SSR analysis of the cultivars from each region split the materials into two general groups, one based on North American cultivars and one comprised of Kazakh/Siberian and Chinese cultivars. Lines developed in Mexico were spread across these two groupings. Evidence suggests that considerable scope exists to improve bread wheat adaptation at high latitudes globally through intercrossing materials originating from Asia and North America.  相似文献   

Preliminary Determination of Flavonoids in Sweet Potato leaves and stems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李文芳  田春莲  黄美娥  单东云 《中国农学通报》2005,21(4):119-119

通过对甘薯叶、茎中的总黄酮含量进行了提取，以芦丁为对照品，用紫外分光光度计对其含量进行了初步测定。结果表明甘薯叶中黄酮类化合物含量为9.37%, 嫩茎含量为3.07%。明显高于一般植物，为甘薯叶、茎的综合开发利用提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

光敏色素研究进展构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘圈炜  何云  齐胜利  王成章  陈继红  潘俊良  王彦华 《中国农学通报》2005,21(5):237-241

综述了自20世纪20年代光敏色素被发现以来的研究概况及进展.主要包括(1)光敏色素作为主要光受体在调节从种子萌发到器官衰老的植物生长过程中所发挥的作用;(2)光敏色素的5种不同基因型及基因同源性和主要的反应方式,尤其是光敏色素的主要分子基因PhyA和PhyB在反应方式上的区别;(3)从生物化学和分子水平阐述了光敏色素的生理功能,其中包括光敏色素对细胞生长的调节,光敏色素是如何通过调节光周期反应进而调节了生长和开花的,光敏色素对基因表达的调控以及光敏色素与植物激素协同作用于植物生长和育性等;(4)虽然迄今为止人们极少研究光敏色素和植物激素在苜蓿秋眠中的作用,但对此方面提出了研究展望.  相似文献   

种植方式对“早晚兼用”双季稻生长发育特性及产量的影响     

伍丹丹  陈佳娜  张瑞春  周雪峰  单双吕  曹放波  谢小兵  邹应斌 《中国农学通报》2015,31(18):7-14

为了探讨不同种植方式对双季稻生长发育特性及产量的影响,2013—2014年以常规早稻‘中嘉早17’、杂交早稻‘陵两优104’为材料(早晚兼用),在大田栽培条件下进行了双季稻直播、手插秧、点抛秧(丢秧)和机插秧的种植方式比较试验。结果表明早稻2个品种均以机插秧方式产量最高,平均为9.17 t/hm2(8.28~10.10 t/hm2),晚稻2013年以机插秧和手插方式产量最高(8.78~8.79 t/hm2),2014年以直播和机插秧方式产量最高,分别为(8.05~8.20 t/hm2)和(7.79~8.03 t/hm2)。在播、插期相同条件下,早稻直播与手插秧、点抛秧、机插秧的全生育期差异不大,晚稻直播推迟播种13~15天,全生育期缩短了5~8天。手插秧、点抛秧分蘖消长呈早发稳升缓降型,机插秧呈缓发速升缓降型,直播呈速发速升速降型。不同种植方式抽穗期、成熟期的干物质积累存在年间差异,其中2013年以点抛秧最高,直播、机插秧次之,2014年以机插秧最高,手插秧、点抛秧次之。由此可见,采用早晚兼用的品种搭配方式和机插秧栽培,有利于双季稻产量形成及其构成因子间的协调,同时缓解双季稻机插秧的季节矛盾。  相似文献   

土壤水分胁迫下茶树部分渗透调节物质的变化     

郭春芳  罗玲娜  何水平  孙云 《中国农学通报》2015,31(28):126-131

为了了解不同茶树品种对干旱环境的适应性,分析了土壤水分胁迫对茶树部分渗透调节物质含量变化的影响。以茶树‘铁观音’和‘福鼎大白茶’2年生幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了在正常供水(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的75%)、轻度水分胁迫(55%)、中度水分胁迫(35%)和重度水分胁迫(20%)条件下,茶树部分渗透调节物质的变化情况。结果表明,正常供水条件下,‘铁观音’叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸含量低于‘福鼎大白茶’,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量高于‘福鼎大白茶’;水分胁迫下‘铁观音’、‘福鼎大白茶’叶片相对含水量随胁迫程度的加大而降低,可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖以及脯氨酸的含量随胁迫程度的加大而增多,但在重度胁迫下,‘福鼎大白茶’的可溶性蛋白质及脯氨酸含量下降。在相同的水分胁迫条件下,‘铁观音’叶片相对含水量的降幅都小于‘福鼎大白茶’,而可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的增幅都比‘福鼎大白茶’大。表明在土壤水分胁迫下‘铁观音’的渗透调节适应能力高于‘福鼎大白茶’。  相似文献