Free-drifting icebergs: hot spots of chemical and biological enrichment in the Weddell Sea     

Smith KL  Robison BH  Helly JJ  Kaufmann RS  Ruhl HA  Shaw TJ  Twining BS  Vernet M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5837):478-482

The proliferation of icebergs from Antarctica over the past decade has raised questions about their potential impact on the surrounding pelagic ecosystem. Two free-drifting icebergs, 0.1 and 30.8 square kilometers in aerial surface area, and the surrounding waters were sampled in the northwest Weddell Sea during austral spring 2005. There was substantial enrichment of terrigenous material, and there were high concentrations of chlorophyll, krill, and seabirds surrounding each iceberg, extending out to a radial distance of approximately 3.7 kilometers. Extrapolating these results to all icebergs in the same size range, with the use of iceberg population estimates from satellite surveys, indicates that they similarly affect 39% of the surface ocean in this region. These results suggest that free-drifting icebergs can substantially affect the pelagic ecosystem of the Southern Ocean and can serve as areas of enhanced production and sequestration of organic carbon to the deep sea.  相似文献   

PROTEUS HENRICENSIS NOV. SPEC     

Shaw FW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1927,65(1689):477-478

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Potentially Simple Technique for Rearing "Germ-Free" Fish     

Shaw E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1957,125(3255):987-988

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Royal Society Scientific Information Conference     

Shaw RR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1948,108(2798):148-151

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Scanning Single-Electron Transistor Microscopy: Imaging Individual Charges     

MJ Yoo  TA Fulton  HF Hess  RL Willett  LN Dunkleberger  RJ Chichester  LN Pfeiffer  KW West 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,276(5312):579-582

A single-electron transistor scanning electrometer (SETSE)-a scanned probe microscope capable of mapping static electric fields and charges with 100-nanometer spatial resolution and a charge sensitivity of a small fraction of an electron-has been developed. The active sensing element of the SETSE, a single-electron transistor fabricated at the end of a sharp glass tip, is scanned in close proximity across the sample surface. Images of the surface electric fields of a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructure sample show individual photo-ionized charge sites and fluctuations in the dopant and surface-charge distribution on a length scale of 100 nanometers. The SETSE has been used to image and measure depleted regions, local capacitance, band bending, and contact potentials at submicrometer length scales on the surface of this semiconductor sample.  相似文献   

The immunological synapse balances T cell receptor signaling and degradation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lee KH  Dinner AR  Tu C  Campi G  Raychaudhuri S  Varma R  Sims TN  Burack WR  Wu H  Wang J  Kanagawa O  Markiewicz M  Allen PM  Dustin ML  Chakraborty AK  Shaw AS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5648):1218-1222

The immunological synapse is a specialized cell-cell junction between T cell and antigen-presenting cell surfaces. It is characterized by a central cluster of antigen receptors, a ring of integrin family adhesion molecules, and temporal stability over hours. The role of this specific organization in signaling for T cell activation has been controversial. We use in vitro and in silico experiments to determine that the immunological synapse acts as a type of adaptive controller that both boosts T cell receptor triggering and attenuates strong signals.  相似文献   

Potato chips from unpeeled potatoes     

Roy Shaw  C. D. Evans  Shirley Munson  G. R. List  K. Warner 《American Journal of Potato Research》1973,50(12):424-430

Two pilot plant runs of 23 hours each were made with peeled and unpeeled potatoes. Samples of chips were taken at intervals and subjected to sensory evaluation after acceclerated storage at 60 C and room temperature storage for 1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Samples of oil were taken at intervals and analyzed for color free fatty acids, peroxide values, and copper. Chips from peeled and unpeeled potatoes were similar in all evaluations. There was a significant increase in yield of chips from unpeeled potatoes.  相似文献   

Chemotherapy of canine leishmaniosis     

Baneth G  Shaw SE 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,106(4):315-324

Visceral leishmaniosis is a widespread and potentially fatal disease of dogs and humans common in the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, and South America. Canine leishmaniosis is most frequently treated with the drugs meglumine antimoniate, allopurinol, amphotericin B, or a combination of meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol. Therapy with the currently used drugs often achieves temporary clinical improvement and changes in immunologic parameters with restoration of the ability to mount parasite-specific cell mediated responses and decrease in anti-leishmanial antibody titers. However, treatment usually does not prevent relapse of disease or eliminate parasite carriage. Due to the current lack of an ultimate and effective therapy for canine leishmaniosis, new drugs, delivery systems and treatment strategies are necessary to achieve a consistent parasitological cure in infected dogs.  相似文献   

Determining the Fat Acidity of Rough Rice by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy     

Wang-Sheng Li  Jai-Tsung Shaw 《Cereal Chemistry》1997,74(5):556-560

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to develop calibration curves for determining the fat acidity of whole-kernel and ground rough rice with 13% moisture content at 25°C. Partial-leastsquares regression (PLSR) uses the optimal calibration curve for wholekernel rough rice to measure the coefficient of determination (r²) of validation and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.87 and 0.83 mg of KOH/100 g of dry matter, respectively. However, the optimal calibration curve for ground rough rice has a higher r² of validation and lower SEP of 0.94 and 0.73 mg of KOH/100 g of dry matter, respectively. From 10 to 40°C, the temperature effect causes an increase of 0.24 mg of KOH/100 g of dry matter/°C in the predicted fat acidity of whole-kernel rough rice.  相似文献