Compartmentalized and binary behavior of terminal dendrites in hippocampal pyramidal neurons     

Wei DS  Mei YA  Bagal A  Kao JP  Thompson SM  Tang CM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,293(5538):2272-2275

The dendritic arbor of pyramidal neurons is not a monolithic structure. We show here that the excitability of terminal apical dendrites differs from that of the apical trunk. In response to fluorescence-guided focal photolysis of caged glutamate, individual terminal apical dendrites generated cadmium-sensitive all-or-none responses that were subthreshold for somatic action potentials. Calcium transients produced by all-or-none responses were not restricted to the sites of photolysis, but occurred throughout individual distal dendritic compartments, indicating that electrogenesis is mediated primarily by voltage-gated calcium channels. Compartmentalized and binary behavior of parallel-connected terminal dendrites can greatly expand the computational power of a single neuron.  相似文献   

以电化学分析法探讨堆肥对土壤三价砷活性的影响     

陳鴻基高衛聖  曾志明 《勤云标准版测试》2007,(10)

台湾西南沿海地区土壤中砷含量有偏高情形，砷含量过高会经由各种途径对人体造成毒害。以X-射线绕射仪与傅立叶转换红外线吸收光谱仪证明普鲁士蓝封三价砷的专一性吸附机制．再以普鲁士蓝修饰电极搭配流动注入系统来侦测土壤三价砷．并探讨堆肥对三价砷在不同土壤中吸附与脱附的影响。试验结果得知电化学分析技术可快速、简便且准确地侦测土壤三价砷。且结果中也指出堆肥处理会增加秀水与後里土壤对三价砷的吸附。此外。三种土壤不论有无施用堆肥，脱附百分率的大小顺序为兴大〉秀水〉后里．其中秀水土壤虽在施用堆肥後吸附力大小明显增加．但脱附百分率下降的情形较不明显．显示黏土矿物种类与含量控制三价砷的脱附行为。  相似文献   

不同冻存液对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞冻存质量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨苗考桂兰  侯先志高爱武王秀美  杨银芬李大彪 《中国农学通报》2010,26(18):17-21

本试验旨在探究奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（bovine mammary epithelial cells,BMECs）最佳的冻存液以改善乳腺上皮细胞的冻存质量。BMECs传至第5代后分别加入以下10种不同配方的冻存液。A组：85%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+5%DMSO;B组：80%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+10%DMSO;C组：75%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+15%DMSO;D组：70%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+20%DMSO;E组：85%DMEM+5%胎牛血清+10%DMSO;F组：75%DMEM+15%胎牛血清+10%DMSO;G组：70%DMEM+20%胎牛血清+10%DMSO;H组：80%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+10%甘油;I组：70%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+20%甘油;J组：60%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+30%甘油,冻存前统一调整细胞密度到1×106 /mL冻存。分别对复苏后的细胞进行台盼蓝染色计算存活率和PI/Hoechst33258双染计算凋亡率。结果表明：BMECs经不同冻存剂冻存复苏后,细胞活力、形态学及凋亡率表现有所不同,其中B组和G组的活力和24 h贴壁率较其他组高,二者的凋亡率较低,二者之间差异无显著性(P>0.05);传代后B组细胞的生长状况最好。  相似文献   

A simulation application to improve the operational efficiency of the wholesale fish market in Taiwan     

Tzong‐Ru Lee  Jui‐Sheng Kao 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(3):229-237

Abstract

This paper presents the applications of two simulation models developed for the Pu‐Shin wholesale fish market: the current operational model and the alternative operational model. This study analyses the possible influence on the wholesale fish system by manipulating the number of porters in the alternative operational model. Cost‐benefit analysis is conducted to compare the two models. The results suggest ways to improve the operational efficiency of the wholesale fish market in Taiwan.  相似文献   

Different breeding systems of three varieties of Bidens pilosa in Taiwan     

Y‐L Huang  W‐Y Kao 《Weed Research》2014,54(2):162-168

Three varieties of the introduced Bidens pilosa (Hairy beggar‐ticks; Asteraceae) co‐exist in Taiwan. Bidens pilosa var. minor and var. pilosa are naturalised, while only var. radiata is invasive. Differences in seed set in bagged versus open‐pollinated capitula, pollen–pistil interactions and the pollen/ovule (P/O) ratio were investigated among these three varieties. In contrast with the resulting 45–55% seed set in each bagged capitulum of var. minor and var. pilosa, almost no mature seeds (1–2 seeds) were found in bagged capitula of var. radiata, showing that var. radiata has a low capability of autonomous seed production. In bagged capitula, only 1.5% of pistils of var. radiata, but 76% and 52% of those of var. minor and pilosa, respectively, had pollen tubes penetrating into their styles, suggesting that var. radiata has strong self‐incompatibility mechanisms preventing autonomous autogamy. The P/O ratio, with mean values of 8189, 2053 and 1613 for var. radiata, var. minor and var. pilosa, respectively, were counted. These results support the hypothesis that the three varieties bear different breeding systems; the invasive var. radiata is highly self‐incompatible, whereas the other two naturalised varieties are self‐compatible.  相似文献   

An ecological and comparative perspective on the control of bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland     

O'Connor CM  Haydon DT  Kao RR 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,104(3-4):185-197

Disease ecology involves a systematic approach to understanding the interactions and evolution of host-pathogen systems at the population level, and is essential for developing a comprehensive understanding of the reasons for disease persistence and the most likely means of control. This systems or ecological approach is being increasingly recognised as a progressive method in disease control and is exploited in diverse fields ranging from obesity management in humans to the prevention of infectious disease in animal populations. In this review we discuss bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Great Britain (GB) within a disease ecology context, and suggest how a comparative ecological perspective helps to reconcile apparent conflicts with the evidence on the effectiveness of badger culling to assist in the control of bTB in GB and the Republic of Ireland (ROI). Our examination shows that failure of past measures to control bTB and the disparity in outcomes of badger culling experiments are the result of a complex relationship amongst the agent, host and environment, i.e. the episystem, of bTB. Here, we stress the role of distinctive bTB episystems and badger culling trial design in the ambiguity and resulting controversy associated with badger culling in GB and ROI. We argue this episystem perspective on bTB control measures in cattle and badger populations provides a useful and informative perspective on the design and implementation of future bTB management in GB, particularly at a time when both scientific and lay communities are concerned about the ongoing epidemic, the cost of current control measures and the execution of future control procedures.  相似文献   

Metabolism of O,S-dimethyl propionyl- and hexanoylphosphoramidothioate in the house fly and white mouse     

Teh-Show Kao  T.R. Fukuto 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(1):83-95

The metabolism of O,S-dimethyl propionyl- and hexanoylphosphoramidothioate was investigated in the white mouse and house flies. Compared to the hexanoylphosphoramidothioate, the propionyl analog is approximately 35-fold more toxic to house flies and is 10-fold less toxic to mice. On a percentage basis, substantially larger amounts of methamidophos were detected in house flies treated topically with the propionylphosphoramidothioate than in flies treated with the hexanoyl derivative. The reverse was evident in the case of the mouse where much larger amounts of methamidophos were formed after oral treatment with the hexanoylphosphoramidothioate. Minor amounts of other metabolic products also were detected, including an unknown from the hexanoylphosphoramidothioate. Metabolism of the S-methyl moiety to carbon dioxide appeared to be a major pathway for metabolic degradation of both compounds in both the white mouse and house fly. The difference in toxicity of the two acylphosphoramidothioates to the mouse and house fly is attributed to difference in the amounts of methamidophos formed in the animals.  相似文献   

Landscape fragmentation and foot-and-mouth disease transmission     

Kao RR 《The Veterinary record》2001,148(24):746-747

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Geographic distribution and molecular variation of isolates of three whitefly-borne closteroviruses of cucurbits: lettuce infectious yellows virus, cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus, and beet pseudo-yellows virus     

Rubio L  Soong J  Kao J  Falk BW 《Phytopathology》1999,89(8):707-711

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海南岛番茄巨芽病和番茄丛枝病的初步鉴定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

唐伟文  骆学海  张曙光  高乔婉  范怀忠 《植物病理学报》1986,16(2):105-108

 番茄巨芽病1982年在海南岛首次发现,它的病原类菌原体(MLO)形态,寄主范围和所引起的症状与澳大利亚,以色列和美国报道的番茄巨芽病MLO基本相同,但不能侵染翠菊和酸浆,可能属不同的株系。
从番茄巨芽病株分离出来的番茄丛枝病(MLO),其寄主范围和所引起的症状与番茄巨芽病显著不同,看来是一个与番茄巨芽病不同的新病害。  相似文献