Ingredient Characterization and Hardening of High‐Protein Food Bars: an NMR State Diagram Approach     

Yun Li  Kristin Szlachetka  Paul Chen  Xiangyang Lin  Roger Ruan 《Cereal Chemistry》2008,85(6):780-786

A second‐degree simplex lattice mixture design was used to study the effects of soy, dairy, and soy‐dairy blends of powdered proteins in three high‐protein food bar models (sugar syrup, polyol syrup, and reduced‐sugar syrup). Overall protein performance was evaluated based on textural changes during accelerated storage, bar integrity, and dough stickiness and was a strong function of the syrup model used (R² = 92.33%). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry was used to measure relaxation times (T₂, T₂*, and T₁) at 20°C and to create state diagrams (temperature, T₂* curves) for the individual powdered proteins and syrups over a temperature range of –35 to 50°C. Increases in relaxation times for powdered protein samples were indicative of better overall protein performance, whereas increases in relaxation times for syrup samples were associated with increases in moisture content and concentration of polyols. Increases in water activity (a_w) of the bars during accelerated storage suggested an elevated rate of hardening for polyol‐containing bars that was caused by a decrease in the amount of water capable of acting as a plasticizer in the product. Proteins were separated into four types (A, B, C, and D) based on the shape of the state diagram curve. Predicted to be the most stable, type D proteins (SUPRO 313 and SUPRO 430) offered the most versatility and, when blended with other proteins, often induced synergistic softening effects in the nutrition bars which led to an extended product shelf life. The NMR state diagram technique appears to be a valuable tool for predicting overall performance of powdered proteins in sugar‐, polyol‐, and reduced‐sugar syrup based food bars.  相似文献   

Regionale Unterschiede in der Rapsunkrautflora Deutschlands     

Kristin Goerke  Ulrike Richter  Martin Schulte  Bärbel Gerowitt 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2008,60(4):151-158

Data on weed species currently found in winter oilseed rape, the extent of their occurrence and regional distinctions were collected in autumn 2005 and 2006 from a total of 978 rape fields throughout Germany. Investigations took place on untreated sites at the six to eight leaf stage of rape. Weed frequencies and densities were determined by randomly placing a 0.1?m² quadrate frame ten times in each plot, identifying and counting all plants within the frame. Two year results are presented here with a main focus on regional distinctions in total weed infestation, species richness as well as differences in frequencies and densities of selected weed species between the federal states. As expected, the majority of weed species occurring in winter oilseed rape is not evenly spread over Germany. On the on hand there are weeds with a more or less limited distribution which can be frequently found in some regions but are absent in others while on the other hand several ubiquitous weed species mainly show regional differences in their densities. Sisymbrium officinale, Descurainia sophia, Centaurea cyanus, Anchusa sp., Sonchus sp., Rumex sp. or Euphorbia sp. are some of the weed species of mostly regional importance. In contrast statistically proofed differences in weed densities in the federal states of Germany were recorded for Capsella bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium album, Galium aparine, Lamium sp., Matricaria sp., Stellaria media, Thlaspi arvense, Veronica sp. and Viola arvensis. Total weed infestation level and the mean number of species per site also differed between the federal states of Germany.  相似文献   

Lipid Degradation of Cod Liver During Frozen Storage as Influenced by Temperature,Packaging Method,and Seasonal Variation     

Magnea Karlsdottir  Sigurjon Arason  Kristin Thorarinsdottir  Minh Van Nguyen  Hordur Kristinsson 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(6):802-810

ABSTRACT

Lipid degradation of cod liver during frozen storage was studied, where the effects of storage temperatures (?18/?24°C), packaging methods (vacuum packing/regular plastic bag and waxed cardboard box), and seasonal variations (March/June/September) were evaluated. For this, the formations of free fatty acids (FFA) and peroxide value (PV) were analyzed. Lipid degradation within different parts of the liver (middle/surface) was also investigated. Increase in FFA and PV was observed for most of the samples throughout the frozen storage period. Vacuum packaging and lower storage temperature had a significantly stronger preservative effect on lipid degradation in all seasons. Higher FFA content was observed in cod liver captured in June than in its counterparts from September and March. More intense increase in PV was observed for liver collected in June compared to September. Furthermore, significant difference in PV was observed in different layers of the liver while FFA showed minimum variation between the surface and the middle part of the cod liver. Based on the present results, packaging method and storage temperature have a significant effect on lipid hydrolysis and oxidation in frozen cod liver.  相似文献   

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a German Shepherd dog     

Mehrdad Ameri  Melinda J. Wilkerson  Steven L. Stockham  Kelli M. Almes  Kristin M. Patton  Tracey Jackson 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2010,39(1):39-45

Abstract: An 11‐year‐old spayed‐female German Shepherd dog was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Kansas State University with a history of weight loss, anorexia, depression, and lethargy for 2–3 weeks. Radiographic examination revealed a mass in the spleen and several round radiodense foci in the liver. CBC results included normocytic normochromic anemia, marked thrombocytopenia, and low numbers of neoplastic cells that frequently had cytoplasmic projections or blebs. A bone marrow aspirate contained about 80% neoplastic megakaryoblasts with the same microscopic features as those observed in peripheral blood. Using flow cytometry, cells of large size were identified in peripheral blood that expressed CD41/61, CD45, CD61, and CD62P (P‐selectin) and were negative for markers of T cells, B cells, monocyte/macrophages, and dendritic cells. Because of the poor prognosis, euthanasia and subsequently necropsy were performed. On histopathologic examination, neoplastic megakaryoblasts were identified in spleen, liver, mesenteric lymph node, and the pulmonary vasculature. Using immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic megakaryoblasts weakly expressed von Willebrand factor. Based on microscopic and immunophenotypic findings, a diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMegL) was made. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AMegL in a domestic animal in which immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and a panel of antibodies against CD41/61, CD61, and CD62P were used to support the diagnosis.  相似文献   

Canine inverted papillomas associated with DNA of four different papillomaviruses     

Christian E. Lange  Kurt Tobler  Kristin Brandes  Kristin Breithardt  Laura Ordeix  Wolfgang Von Bomhard  Claude Favrot 《Veterinary dermatology》2010,21(3):287-291

Inverted papillomas are uncommon papillomavirus (PV)‐induced canine skin lesions. They consist of cup‐ to dome‐shaped dermal nodules with a central pore filled with keratin. Histologically they are characterized by endophytic projections of the epidermis extending into dermis. Cytopathic effects of PVs infection include the presence of clumped keratohyalin granules, koilocytes and intranuclear inclusion bodies. Different DNA hybridization studies carried out with a canine oral papillomavirus (COPV) probe suggested that a different PV than COPV might cause these lesions. Canine papillomavirus 2 (CPV2) was discovered a few years ago in inverted papillomas of immunosuppressed beagles. Two other cases, presenting with distinct clinical and histological features have also been described. This study was carried out on four dogs with clinical and histological signs of inverted papillomas. Molecular biological analyses confirmed that PV DNA was present in all four lesions but demonstrated that the sequences in each case were different. One corresponded to COPV, the second to CPV2, and the third and fourth to unknown PVs. These findings suggest that inverted papillomas are not caused by one single PV type. Similar observations have also been made in human medicine.  相似文献   

Comparison of 5 Surgical Techniques for Partial Liver Lobectomy in the Dog for Intraoperative Blood Loss and Surgical Time     

Marije Risselada DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVS  Gary W. Ellison DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Maximilian M.R. Polyak M Phil  Jim Van Gilder BS  Kristin Kirkby MS  DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Stanley E. Kim BVSc  MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(7):856-862

Objective: To compare surgical time and intraoperative blood loss for 5 partial liver lobectomy techniques in the dog. Study Design: Experimental in vivo study. Animals: Dogs (n=10). Methods: Five surgical techniques (SurgiTie^?; LigaSure^?; Ultracision^® Harmonic Scalpel [UAS]; Suction+Clip; Suction+thoracoabdominal stapler [TA]) for partial liver lobectomy in dogs were evaluated and compared for total surgical time and intraoperative blood loss. Body weight, activated clotting time (ACT), heart rate, and intraoperative blood pressure (BP) were recorded. Blood loss was determined by adding the weight of the blood soaked sponges during surgery (1 g=1 mL) to the amount of suctioned blood (mL). Surgical time (in seconds) was determined from the start of the lobectomy until cessation of bleeding from the stump. Mean surgical time and mean blood loss for each technique were compared using a Tukey's multiple comparison test. Results: No significant differences were found between dogs for weight, ACT, heart rate, and intraoperative BP. No complications were seen with the SurgiTie^? technique in 9 of 10 cases. There was no significant difference in surgical time between techniques however there was a significant difference for blood loss; the Suction+Clip method had significantly more blood loss than the other techniques. Conclusions: Skeletonization of the lobar vessels before individually clipping them (Suction+Clip) resulted in a higher blood loss than using Suction+TA, UAS, SurgiTie^? or the LigaSure^? device. The SurgiTie^? appears to be an acceptable method for partial liver lobectomy. Clinical Relevance: Although skeletonization and individually clipping the vessels had the highest blood loss, it still was <7.5% of total blood volume. All 5 techniques should be safe for clinical use in small to medium sized dogs up to 26 kg.  相似文献   

Azoospermia in an 8-month-old boar due to bilateral obstruction at the testis/epididymis interface     

Clements KM  Shipley CF  Coleman DA  Ehrhart EJ  Haschek WM  Clark SG 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2010,51(10):1130-1134

An 8-month-old Yorkshire boar was presented for apparent azoospermia. Two semen collections also revealed azoospermia. Ultrasonographic examination of the gonads revealed bilateral caput epididymal dilatation and anechoic fluid within the tubules. Because a testicular biopsy revealed normal spermatogenesis, an outflow tract obstruction was suspected. Multiple sperm granulomas were found within the parenchyma of both testes at necropsy.  相似文献   

Coping With Historic Drought in California Rangelands: Developing a More Effective Institutional Response     

Joel Brown  Pelayo Alvarez  Kristin Byrd  Helena Deswood  Emile Elias  Sheri Spiegal 《Herpetological Monographs》2017,39(2):73-78

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Energy consumption of two-stage fine grinding of Douglas-fir wood     

Jinwu Wang  Johnway Gao  Kristin L. Brandt  Michael P. Wolcott 《Journal of Wood Science》2018,64(4):338-346

Fine wood powders have advantages over traditional coarse wood particles for various emerging applications. However, an efficient system to produce fine wood powders has not been well established. We investigated the comminution capability and efficiency of a two-stage grinding system consisting of a hammer mill circuit and an rotor impact mill circuit to convert wood feedstocks into fine powders. Air-dried forest harvest residuals were comminuted by the hammer mill circuit to three intermediate product sizes with geometric mean particle sizes of 1618, 669, and 316 µm. These intermediate products were then pulverized into fine wood powders with median particle sizes ranging from 35 to 250 µm. The specific energy consumption increased with the decrease of median particle sizes, with a transition at around 100 µm after which the energy consumption increased exponentially. This large-scale grinding trial provides the reliable energy consumption data for design and process economic analysis of mechanical biomass preprocessing.  相似文献   

Selecting recombinants to stack high protein with high oleic acid and low linoleic acid in soybean (Glycine max)     

Samuel C. McDonald  Kristin Bilyeu  Jenny Koebernick  Blair Buckley  Benjamin Fallen  M. A. Rouf Mian  Zenglu Li 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(4):477-488

Soybean accounts for over a quarter of the world's oilseed consumption and over 70% of the world's protein meal consumption. The separate development of high oleic, low linolenic acid (HOLL) soybean and high-protein (HP) soybean means that no soybean cultivar on the market has an optimal fatty acid profile and increased protein. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate high protein, high oleic acid, and low linolenic acid (HP-HOLL) soybean. A five-gene stack was created using a two-phase forward breeding scheme and marker-assisted selection method. Forty-six HP-HOLL lines from three genetic backgrounds were grown in six environments in the Southeast United States. Although genotype-by-environment interaction was significant for seed composition traits, lines met the >75% and <3% cutoffs for oleic acid and linolenic acid, respectively, and met or exceeded the protein concentration of the HP parent. No negative interaction could be detected between the HP and HOLL traits. Additionally, yield testing in four environments indicated yield parity for some lines, suggesting HP and HOLL soybean cultivars with high yield could be selected.  相似文献