Absorptive root areas of large pedunculate oak trees differing in health status along a road in South Bohemia,Czech Republic     

Čermák Jan  Simon Jaroslav  Káňová Hana  Tichá Soňa 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2013,12(2):238-245

The health status of 200- to 400-year-old trees growing in an area alongside a road was described in detail on the basis of evaluation of hazard trees in urban areas and analyzed using the acoustic scanning and modified earth impedance (MEI) methods. Acoustic analysis was used to characterize tree trunks and coarse roots; MEI was used to characterize the active absorptive root surfaces (the electric impedance of soils and sapwood were also included). Several groups of trees were distinguished according to the extent of damage (slight, serious or extreme), which was easily detectable from the MEI results. It was confirmed that both methods gave similar results, which also corresponds to the detailed observations. Instrumental measurements provided additional information about trunk and root injuries, which cannot be directly observed. A combination of both methods is recommended to achieve the most reliable results. This unique approach is applicable for testing eventual threats by old ill trees for safety reasons over the landscape.  相似文献   

Effect of different planting times on the quantitative variation of total seed isoflavone content and composition in Korean soybean cultivars (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)     

Kim  Hong-Sik  Kang  Beom-Kyu  Seo  Jeong-Hyun  Kim  Hyun-Tae  Ha  Tae-Joung  Oh  Jae-Hyeon  Shin  Sang-Ouk  Baek  In-Yeol 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2021,24(2):179-190

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - There is great interest in the enhancement of isoflavones as one of the functional ingredients in soybean. This study aimed to investigate the effects of...  相似文献   

Review of rice in Korea: current status,future prospects,and comparisons with rice in other countries     

Jeong  O-Young  Park  Hyeon-Su  Baek  Man-Kee  Kim  Woo-Jae  Lee  Geon-Mi  Lee  Chang-Min  Bombay  Maurene  Ancheta  Melanie Banzon  Lee  Jeom-Ho 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2021,24(1):1-11

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Rice has been grown as a staple food in South Korea for several millennia. However, its status has not stayed constant as a result of changes in South...  相似文献   

Metabolomic plasticity in GM and non-GM potato leaves in response to aphid herbivory and virus infection     

Plischke A  Choi YH  Brakefield PM  Klinkhamer PG  Bruinsma M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(6):1488-1493

An important aspect of ecological safety of genetically modified (GM) plants is the evaluation of unintended effects on plant-insect interactions. These interactions are to a large extent influenced by the chemical composition of plants. This study uses NMR-based metabolomics to establish a baseline of chemical variation to which differences between a GM potato line and its parent cultivar are compared. The effects of leaf age, virus infection, and aphid herbivory on plant metabolomes were studied. The metabolome of the GM line differed from its parent only in young leaves of noninfected plants. This effect was small when compared to the baseline. Consistently, aphid performance on excised leaves was influenced by leaf age, while no difference in performance was found between GM and non-GM plants. The metabolomic baseline approach is concluded to be a useful tool in ecological safety assessment.  相似文献   

Panax ginseng extract rich in ginsenoside protopanaxatriol attenuates blood pressure elevation in spontaneously hypertensive rats by affecting the Akt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase     

Hong SY  Kim JY  Ahn HY  Shin JH  Kwon O 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(12):3086-3091

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a fundamental regulator of systemic blood pressure. Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng have been investigated in vitro for the molecular and biochemical mechanisms by which they stimulate NO release in vascular endothelial cells; however, little research has been done to confirm the physiological relevance of these in vitro studies. To address this research gap, the effects of a P. ginseng extract rich in ginsenosides from protopanaxatriol on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was examined. Ginseng extract administration stimulated nongenomic Akt-mediated eNOS activation, enhanced NO production, improved vessel wall thickening, and alleviated hypertension in SHRs, confirming the physiological relevance of previous in vitro studies with ginsenosides.  相似文献   

Proteomic identification of a novel toxin protein (Txp40) from Xenorhabdus nematophila and its insecticidal activity against larvae of Plutella xylostella     

Park JM  Kim M  Min J  Lee SM  Shin KS  Oh SD  Oh SJ  Kim YH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(16):4053-4059

For the identification of a novel insecticidal protein, a two-dimensional liquid chromatography (PF-2D) system was used in a quantitative proteomic analysis of Xenorhabdus nematophila CBNU strain isolated from entomophagous nematode Steinernema carpocapsae . Protein patterns obtained from minimum and maximum insecticidal activities during cultivation were contrasted, and a novel toxin protein (Txp40) was identified by MALDI-TOF/MS. The DNA sequence of the cloned toxin gene (1089 bp) has an open reading frame encoding 363 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 41162 Da. The txp40 identified in this study is most closely related to the known txp40 cloned from X. nematophila EB (ADQ92844) with 94.4% identical sequence residues. Following the expression of the newly identified toxin gene in Escherichia coli , the insecticidal activity of the recombinant toxin protein was determined against Plutella xylostella larvae; a 56.7% mortality rate was observed within 24 h.  相似文献   

Mass production of rubusoside using a novel stevioside-specific β-glucosidase from Aspergillus aculeatus     

Ko JA  Kim YM  Ryu YB  Jeong HJ  Park TS  Park SJ  Wee YJ  Kim JS  Kim D  Lee WS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(24):6210-6216

Rubusoside (R) is a natural sweetener and a solubilizing agent with antiangiogenic and antiallergic properties. However, currently, its production is quite expensive, and therefore, we have investigated nine commercially available glycosidases to optimize an economically viable R-production method. A stevioside (ST)-specific β-glucosidase (SSGase) was selected and purified 7-fold from Aspergillus aculeatus Viscozyme L by a two-step column chromatography procedure. The 79 kDa protein was stable from pH 3.0 to pH 7.0 at 50-60 °C. Hydrolysis of ST by SSGase produced R and steviol monoglucosyl ester as determined by (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Importantly, SSGase showed higher activity toward ST than other β-linked glucobioses. The optimal conditions for R production were 280 mM ST and 16.6 μL of SSGase at pH 5.1 and 63 °C. This is the first discussion detailing the production of R by enzymatic hydrolysis of ST and is useful for the food additive and pharmaceutical industries.  相似文献   

Metabolic Profiling of Glucosinolates, Anthocyanins, Carotenoids, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes)     

Park WT  Kim JK  Park S  Lee SW  Li X  Kim YB  Uddin MR  Park NI  Kim SJ  Park SU 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(33):8111-8116

We profiled and quantified glucosinolates, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and other secondary metabolites in the skin and flesh of pale green and purple kohlrabis. Analysis of these distinct kohlrabis revealed the presence of 8 glucosinolates, 12 anthocyanins, 2 carotenoids, and 7 phenylpropanoids. Glucosinolate contents varied among the different parts and types of kohlrabi. Glucoerucin contents were 4-fold higher in the flesh of purple kohlrabi than those in the skin. Among the 12 anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-(feruloyl)(sinapoyl) diglucoside-5-glucoside levels were the highest. Carotenoid levels were much higher in the skins than the flesh of both types of kohlrabi. The levels of most phenylpropanoids were higher in purple kohlrabi than in pale green ones. trans-Cinnamic acid content was 12.7-fold higher in the flesh of purple kohlrabi than that in the pale green ones. Thus, the amounts of glucosinolates, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and phenylpropanoids varied widely, and the variations in these compounds between the two types of kohlrabi were significant.  相似文献   

Growth-Inhibitory Effects of Pigmented Rice Bran Extracts and Three Red Bran Fractions against Human Cancer Cells: Relationships with Composition and Antioxidative Activities     

MH Chen  SH Choi  N Kozukue  HJ Kim  M Friedman 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(36):9151-9161

We determined the phenolic, anthocyanin, and proanthocyanidin content of three brown, purple, and red rice brans isolated from different rice varieties using HPLC-PDA with the aid of 27 standards of known structure and matching unknown peaks to a spectral library of known compounds. Antioxidative capacities were determined by DPPH and ORAC and cell-inhibiting effects using an MTT assay. Based on the calculated IC(50) values, the light-brown bran had no effect, the purple bran exhibited a minor effect on leukemia and cervical cancer cells, and the red bran exhibited strong inhibitory effects on leukemia, cervical, and stomach cancer cells. High concentrations of protocatechuic acid and anthocyanins in purple bran and proanthocyanidins in red bran were identified. The red bran was further fractionated on a Sephadex column. Fraction 3 rich in proanthocyanidin oligomers and polymers had the greatest activity. Red bran has the potential to serve as a functional food supplement for human consumption.  相似文献   

Anti-inflammatory Activities of an Ethanol Extract of Ecklonia stolonifera in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophage Cells     

MS Lee  MS Kwon  JW Choi  T Shin  HK No  JS Choi  DS Byun  JI Kim  HR Kim 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(36):9120-9129

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