Production potential,biodiversity and soil properties of forest reclamations: Opportunities or risk of introduced coniferous tree species under climate change?     

Vacek  Zdeněk  Cukor  Jan  Vacek  Stanislav  Linda  Rostislav  Prokůpková  Anna  Podrázský  Vilém  Gallo  Josef  Vacek  Oldřich  Šimůnek  Václav  Drábek  Ondřej  Hájek  Vojtěch  Spasić  Marko  Brichta  Jakub 《European Journal of Forest Research》2021,140(5):1243-1266

European Journal of Forest Research - In the time of ongoing climate change and the increasing area of post-mining landscape, the successful afforestation of reclamation sites by suitable adaptive...  相似文献   

In vitro activity of dicationic compounds against a North American foxhound isolate of Leishmania infantum     

Rosypal AC  Hall JE  Bakunova S  Patrick DA  Bakunov S  Stephens CE  Kumar A  Boykin DW  Tidwell RR 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,145(3-4):207-216

Canine leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum is enzootic in the North American foxhound population. Currently available chemotherapy for canine leishmaniasis is not completely effective and relapses are common in treated dogs. Pentamidine and related aromatic diamidines possess broad spectrum antiprotozoal activity. The in vitro antileishmanial activities of 35 aromatic cationic molecules were determined, using pentamidine as the reference drug. The compounds were examined for activity against promastigotes of L. infantum isolated from a foxhound from Virginia. The compounds most active against Leishmania parasites were reversed amidines. Compound 9, a reversed amidine, exhibited the highest activity against L. infantum, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 0.0042 microM compared with 14.2 microM for pentamidine. Antileishmanial activities of nine compounds were at least 1000-fold higher relative to the reference drug. Results from this study indicate that several pentamidine-related compounds warrant further investigation as possible new agents for the treatment of canine leishmaniasis.  相似文献   

Multi Criteria Assessment of Zero Residue Apple Production     

Črtomir Rozman  Tatjana Unuk  Karmen Pažek  Mario Lešnik  Jernej Prišenk  Andrej Vogrin  Stanislav Tojnko 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2013,55(2):51-62

During the 2008–2010 growing seasons, an alternative ‘zero residue apple production system’ was compared with integrated apple production with cvs ‘Idared’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Gala’ in commercial orchards at several locations throughout Slovenia, using data envelopment analysis (DEA), and multi criteria assessment by an analytical hierarchical process (AHP). The principle of the ‘zero residue apple production’ is a combination of integrated (IP) and organic apple production. During the first 3 months of the growing season (1 April–30 June), pesticides used in IP with rapid degradation (8–10 applications) were used to control pests and diseases. During the second part of the season from 1 July to harvest, organic products (6–12 applications) were employed compared with 19–25 applications overall in IP. The goal of the alternative system was to reduce the amount of applied conventional pesticides by 40 % and to minimize pesticide residues in fruits to below the limit of 0.5 % of the legal maximum residue level (MRL) or below the residue concentrations of 0.005–0.01 mg/kg and to retain the high long-term level of yield, fruit quality, and net income per hectare. The number of pesticide residues was reduced from 4.2–5.5 in IP to 1.8–3.4 in zero residue cultivation, while 3 year average yields (class 1 fruit) were 4–9 % lower than in IP. The break even prices ranged from € 0.31 for Idared in IP, € 0.34 for ‘Elstar’ of both production systems to € 0.35/kg for zero residue cultivated ‘Golden Delicious’. Overall, a price increase of just € 0.02/kg for residue free apples would make this new ‘zero residue apple production’ profitable then representing a realistic alternative to the standard integrated apple production system.  相似文献   

Structural Characteristics and Anticancer Activity of Fucoidan from the Brown Alga Sargassum mcclurei     

Pham Duc Thinh  Roza V. Menshova  Svetlana P. Ermakova  Stanislav D. Anastyuk  Bui Minh Ly  Tatiana N. Zvyagintseva 《Marine drugs》2013,11(5):1456-1476

Three different fucoidan fractions were isolated and purified from the brown alga, Sargassum mcclurei. The SmF1 and SmF2 fucoidans are sulfated heteropolysaccharides that contain fucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and glucose. The SmF3 fucoidan is highly sulfated (35%) galactofucan, and the main chain of the polysaccharide contains a →3)-α-l-Fucp(2,4SO₃⁻)-(1→3)-α-l-Fucp(2,4SO₃⁻)-(1→ motif with 1,4-linked 3-sulfated α-l-Fucp inserts and 6-linked galactose on reducing end. Possible branching points include the 1,2,6- or 1,3,6-linked galactose and/or 1,3,4-linked fucose residues that could be glycosylated with terminal β-d-Galp residues or chains of alternating sulfated 1,3-linked α-l-Fucp and 1,4-linked β-d-Galp residues, which have been identified in galactofucans for the first time. Both α-l-Fucp and β-d-Galp residues are sulfated at C-2 and/or C-4 (and some C-6 of β-d-Galp) and potentially the C-3 of terminal β-d-Galp, 1,4-linked β-d-Galp and 1,4-linked α-l-Fucp residues. All fucoidans fractions were less cytotoxic and displayed colony formation inhibition in colon cancer DLD-1 cells. Therefore, these fucoidan fractions are potential antitumor agents.  相似文献   

Yield of early white cabbage grown under mulch and non-mulch conditions with low populations of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman)     

Stanislav Trdan  Dragan Žnidarčič  Milica Kač  Matej Vidrih 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):309-318

The damage caused by Thrips tabaci to a susceptible hybrid of early white cabbage was studied in field experiments undertaken during 2004 and 2005. The three treatments tested were beds of cabbage mulched with: (1) barley straw, (2) hay, and (3) black polyethylene (PE) sheeting. Bare-soil (un-mulched) beds were used as the control treatment. One early and one late experiment were performed in both years. In the early experiments, the mulches were applied at the start of the experiment, whereas in the late experiments the soil was first covered with black polyethylene for approximately 1 month. In both years, the springs were cold and wet, and so the thrips appeared late and their numbers were low. The highest mean actual weight and trimmed weight were recorded for cabbage grown in 2005 under PE mulch (actual early: 995 g, actual late: 1184 g, trimmed early: 870 g, trimmed late: 1056 g). Year 2004 gave lower values (110g for both variables) under barley straw and hay mulch (165 g and 160 g, respectively). There was no evidence of an allelopathic effect of water extracts of either barley straw or hay.  相似文献   

The influence of insecticides on the viability of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) under laboratory conditions     

Žiga Laznik  Stanislav Trdan 《Pest management science》2014,70(5):784-789

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Modulation of biochemical indices in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) under the influence of toxic cyanobacterial biomass in diet     

Radovan Kopp  Miroslava Palíková  Stanislav Navrátil  Jan Mareš 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(6):1651-1658

Cyanobacteria are producers of potent and environmentally abundant microcystins, representing an emerging global health issue. In the present study, we investigated the impact of cyanobacterial biomass on biochemical indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., average weight of 246 ± 73 g) under laboratory conditions. The fish were fed a diet containing cyanobacterial biomass with microcystins in high concentration (0.4 mg/kg of fish weight and day) for 28 days. Statistical evaluation of the influence of the cyanobacterial biomass in food on the biochemical indices of the juvenile carp showed only minor differences. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase value and the urea concentration were significantly reduced compared to control group. The biochemical parameters of fish blood plasma significantly rose during the experiment in the control group as well as in the experimental group. This state was probably influenced by the environmental conditions and the fish diet. A significant rising value was established in calcium creatinine, total protein, phosphorus, lactate, urea and natrium. The present study demonstrates that the oral exposure of toxic cyanobacterial biomass has a minor influence on the biochemical indices of common carp and that the effect of other factors, e.g., nutrition is more visible.  相似文献   

Influence of Alternative Copper Fungicide Formulations on Copper Content in Apple Fruits   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Vili Kurnik  Vesna Gaber?ek  Tatjana Unuk  Stanislav Tojnko  Andrej Vogrin  Stanislav Vajs  Mario Le?nik 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2012,54(4):161-170

Field trials were carried out from 2008 to 2011 at Maribor, Slovenia to determine the effect of new copper fungicide formulations on the copper content in apple fruits, separated in peel and flesh, of seven cultivars at harvest. Apple trees were treated 12?C18 times per season with formulations based on copper oxychloride or sulphate (trial standards), copper hydroxide and their complexes or chelates with amino acids, peptides, EDTA, urea, and octanoic or gluconic acids at the same rate of 200?g of pure copper ions (Cu²⁺) per hectare irrespetive of the product. Copper formulations were applied with Teejet 800067 flat fan nozzles mounted on a vertical boom of the sprayer, which gave a droplet volume median diameter (VMD) of 120 microns and 130?C180 droplet impacts per square centimeter, as determined on water sensitive papers. The new formulations of copper in the form of salts of fatty acids or organic complexes or chelates had a higher penetration rate into apple fruit tissue than the traditional formulations based on Cu-hydroxide, Cu-oxychloride and Cu-sulphate. The copper content in the fruit depended on the ratio between copper solubility in the formulation, rate of penetration into the fruit and stability of the copper fungicide deposit on the fruit surface. Despite being applied at lower hectare rates, frequent applications led to the exceeding of the permitted EC maximum residue level of 5?mg/kg fresh mass (FM). MRL was most often exceeded with the application of formulations based on Cu-octanoate and Cu-gluconate and less often in case of the application of complexes of copper with amino acids, peptides or urea. A comparison of the copper content between different cultivars showed that cv. ??Jonagold??, ??Golden Delicious?? and ??Elstar?? accumulated more cooper than other cultivars. Copper concentrations in the peel exceeded that of the flesh at least twice. The potential effects of accumulation of copper in woody tissue of bearing shoots after long-term application of highly systemic copper formulations on growth and blooming of apples are discussed too. Some apple growers may not be aware of much higher penetration rate of these new copper products (fungicides, fertilisers or plant strengtheners) and should be warned about the necessity to adapt their spraying schedules despite applications of a low hectare rates of copper, i.e. the number of treatments and proper seasonal timing, to avoid exceeding of EU MRL of copper in fruit.  相似文献   

Canopy gaps in an old-growth fir-beech forest remnant of Western Carpathians     

Stanislav Kucbel  Peter Jaloviar  Milan Saniga  Jaroslav Vencurik  Vladimír Klimaš 《European Journal of Forest Research》2010,129(3):249-259

The old-growth forest remnants of Western Carpathians provide a unique possibility to study the disturbance regimes of forest ecosystems without human influence. This study investigated the gap dynamics in beech-dominated old-growth forest Badínsky prales in Central Slovakia. Considering the decline of silver fir in last decades, the study analyzed the main characteristics of disturbance regime with the emphasis on the role of fir. On a 5-ha research plot, the dominant tree species was beech, the proportion of fir reached about 10%. However, a significantly higher proportion of fir (>30%) was observed in the coarse woody debris. In total, 45 canopy openings were recorded. Canopy gaps and expanded gaps covered 11.3 and 37.9% of the forest area, respectively. Despite the highest frequency of small gaps <100 m², their proportion of the overall gap area reached only 20%, what suggests the important role of intermediate and large gaps in the gap dynamics as well. The analysis of gapmakers’ crown projections confirmed a rather low contribution of fir (14.6%) to the gap formation despite its relatively intensive mortality. A high variability of the next generation age between the gaps (6–44 years) was recorded what suggests a large temporal variation of the disturbance events. The lateral expansion of adjacent trees was found to be the determining process for the closure of small canopy openings. The intermediate and large gaps are more likely closed by the height growth of natural regeneration and understory trees that are present on the majority of the area.  相似文献   

Influence of liming on the epigeic spider (Araneae) community of the Krušné hory Mts. (Czech Republic)     

Stanislav Korenko  Emanuel Kula  Michal Holec  Martin Jarab  Veronika Michalkov 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2008,44(5-6):559

We studied the influence of liming with the dolomitic limestone on the epigeic spider community in the birch stand of the Krušné hory Mts. in the Czech Republic. The treatment was carried out with the purpose of reducing the negative effect of anthropogenic air pollution and consequently to increase the ecological stability of the wood stand. Lime treatment in different amounts (6, 3, 1.5 and 0 t ha⁻¹) was applied in August 2003 and for the following three years the spider community was investigated. We compared occurrences of spiders on studied plots with different lime treatment and tested the influence of the environmental factors, altogether with liming, on the spider community. The most significant factor appeared to be the character of habitat and both, hierarchical cluster analysis and canonical correspondence analysis, did not confirm any significant feedback of liming to the spider community in birch stand of the Krušné hory Mts.  相似文献