Use of an axial pattern flap and nictitans to reconstruct medial eyelids and canthus in a dog     

Susan Jacobi  Bryden J. Stanley  Simon Petersen-Jones  Nikolaos Dervisis  Pedro A. Dominguez 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2008,11(6):395-400

A 10-year-old male neutered Boxer presented with recurrence of a mast cell tumor at the right medial canthal area. Following excision including 2 cm margins, the medial one-half of the upper and lower eyelids and the medial canthus were reconstructed using an axial pattern flap based on the cutaneous branch of the superficial temporal artery. The bulbar conjunctiva of the nictitans was preserved and sutured to the medial flap edge, thus creating a conjunctival lining to the deep aspect of the flap, protecting corneal epithelium. This is a valuable surgical technique for closing a large skin defect and reconstructing the medial eyelids, thus preserving the globe.  相似文献   

Exploring relationships between body condition score,body fat,activity level and inflammatory biomarkers          下载免费PDF全文

W. Pearson  K. Wood  S. Stanley  J. MacNicol 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(4):1062-1068

Obesity is associated with inflammatory disorders in humans, including degenerative joint disease. While obesity is endemic in horses, its relationship to equine degenerative joint disease has not been explored. The current study sought to describe relationships between: body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), lameness grade (AAEP), total body fat mass (kg; FM) and fat per cent (FP) [multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (mfBIA)], age, gender, activity level (AL), synovial fluid (SF) and plasma (PL) PGE₂ and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in horses. During this field investigation, the BCS (of nine) of 54 horses at multiple farms in southern Ontario, Canada, was determined. Horses were categorized as thin (BCS=3/9; n = 6), moderate (BCS=4 or 5/9; n = 18), overweight (BCS=6 or 7/9; n = 19) or obese (BCS=8 or 9/9; n = 11). Total fat mass (kg) and body fat% was measured using mfBIA, lameness was assessed (AAEP lameness scale) and synovial fluid was collected via aseptic arthrocentesis from the left intercarpal joint for assessment of inflammatory biomarkers (PGE₂, GAG). Means were compared with a one‐way ANOVA; correlation coefficients were calculated using a Spearman Rank Order Correlation to reveal correlations between variables. BCS was positively correlated with BW, FM, FP, AL and PL‐PGE₂. BW was also significantly positively correlated with PL‐PGE₂. It is concluded that BCS is significantly correlated with PL‐PGE₂, due in part to the combined effect of AL and body condition. Net inflammatory effects of body fat on risk for joint disease require further study.  相似文献   

The prevalence of dynamic pharyngeal collapse is high in brachycephalic dogs undergoing videofluoroscopy          下载免费PDF全文

Rachel E. Pollard  Lynelle R. Johnson  Stanley L. Marks 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(5):529-534

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the frequency of pharyngeal collapse in a large group of brachycephalic dogs undergoing videofluoroscopic assessment of swallowing or airway diameter. We hypothesized that brachycephalic dogs would have pharyngeal collapse more frequently than dolichocephalic or mesocephalic dogs with or without airway collapse. The medical records database was searched for brachycephalic dogs undergoing videofluoroscopy of swallowing or airway diameter between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015. A cohort of dolichocephalic/mesocephalic dogs with videofluoroscopically confirmed airway collapse was age and time matched for comparison. A control group of dolichocephalic/mesocephalic dogs that did not have documented airway collapse was also evaluated. All fluoroscopic studies were assessed by a board certified veterinary radiologist for the presence and degree of pharyngeal collapse. Results demonstrate that pharyngeal collapse was significantly more common in brachycephalic dogs (58/82; 72%) than in nonbrachycephalic dogs with (7/25; 28%) and without (2/30; 7%) airway collapse. Pharyngeal collapse is more prevalent in brachycephalic dogs undergoing videofluoroscopy than in dolichocephalic/mesocephalic dogs with or without airway collapse.  相似文献   

Xylem exudate concentrations of cofactor nutrients in grapevine are correlated with exudation rate     

James A. Campbell  Stanley Strother 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):867-879

Xylem exudates collected from the cut canes of Vitis vin‐ifera L. var. Waltham Cross for 10 weeks around the time of budburst were analyzed for nutrient concentrations. The seasonal variations of the inorganic constituents examined [phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), and chlorine (Cl)] are presented and discussed with respect to the metabolic needs of the plant as it breaks dormancy. Of particular interest was the observation that some of the nutrients (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Fe) showed similar seasonal variations in their concentrations. These variations were significantly correlated with the rate of xylem exudate flow. Other essential nutrients which are not enzyme cofactors did not show this variation. We propose that these variations, similar to the previously noted variation of organic acids in grapevine xylem exudate, reflect a flow‐dependent uptake and/or remobilization of nutrients to facilitate budburst through the provision of cofactors in large quantities at the critical time.  相似文献   

DISINTEGRATION OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS IN UREA SOLUTIONS     

Stanley WM  Lauffer MA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1939,89(2311):345-347

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Variations in the secondary metabolite camptothecin in relation to tissue age and season in Camptotheca acuminata     

Liu Z  Carpenter SB  Bourgeois WJ  Yu Y  Constantin RJ  Falcon MJ  Adams JC 《Tree physiology》1998,18(4):265-270

We investigated variation in concentration of the secondary metabolite, camptothecin (CPT), in relation to leaf, branch and tree age, season, and leaf drying method in Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne saplings. Younger leaves contained higher CPT concentrations than older leaves. Within a branch, there was a linear decline in CPT concentration from leaves at the apex of the branch down to Leaf 7. Comparing leaves of similar age, those from younger trees had higher CPT concentrations than those from older trees. Over the course of the growing season, there was a steady decline of 11% per month in leaf CPT concentration. Branches showed a similar seasonal decline in CPT concentration to leaves; however, the rate of decline was threefold greater in leaves than in branches. Freeze-dried tissues had a 27% higher CPT concentration than oven- or air-dried tissues, suggesting that oven- and air-drying caused degradation of CPT. The decline in CPT concentration with tissue aging may reflect a genetically determined mechanism whereby, in young trees, chemicals serve as a first line of defense against attacks by herbivores and pathogenic microorganisms until other mechanisms are developed and deployed. We hypothesize that chemical defense mechanisms are programmed for early ontogenic stages, whereas they are induced by biotic and abiotic factors during later ontogenic stages.  相似文献   

Mandibular and sublingual sialocoeles in the dog: a retrospective evaluation of 41 cases, using the ventral approach for treatment     

Ritter MJ  von Pfeil DJ  Stanley BJ  Hauptman JG  Walshaw R 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2006,54(6):333-337

AIMS: To review results of the ventral approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy for the treatment of sialocoeles associated with the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands in the dog, and to determine rates of recurrence and complication following this procedure. METHODS: Thirty-nine dogs with 41 sialocoeles that underwent surgical intervention were retrospectively evaluated with respect to signalment, aetiology, location of sialocoeles, duration of clinical signs, treatment prior to referral, post-operative use of antibiotics and drains, complications, and recurrence. RESULTS: The mean age at the time of surgery was 5.1 (SD 3.8) years, and duration of clinical signs 6.6 (SD 10.6) months. Long-term follow-up was available for 31 dogs; the minimum was 8 months and mean 47.7 (SD 25.8) months post-surgery. There was no recurrence of sialocoeles following the ventral approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy. Postoperatively, 6/35 (17%) cases developed a seroma at the surgical site. No breed or sex predisposition was determined. The cause of the sialocoele was unknown in 36/41 (88%) cases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Excellent clinical results were achieved with a low rate of complications using the ventral approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy. The ventral approach is recommended to minimise the risk of recurrence of sialocoeles.  相似文献   

Taking the "waste" out of "wastewater" for human water security and ecosystem sustainability     

SB Grant  JD Saphores  DL Feldman  AJ Hamilton  TD Fletcher  PL Cook  M Stewardson  BF Sanders  LA Levin  RF Ambrose  A Deletic  R Brown  SC Jiang  D Rosso  WJ Cooper  I Marusic 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6095):681-686

Humans create vast quantities of wastewater through inefficiencies and poor management of water systems. The wasting of water poses sustainability challenges, depletes energy reserves, and undermines human water security and ecosystem health. Here we review emerging approaches for reusing wastewater and minimizing its generation. These complementary options make the most of scarce freshwater resources, serve the varying water needs of both developed and developing countries, and confer a variety of environmental benefits. Their widespread adoption will require changing how freshwater is sourced, used, managed, and priced.  相似文献   

Cell biology. A unifying role for prions in neurodegenerative diseases     

Prusiner SB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6088):1511-1513

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Changes in the caecal microflora of chickens following Clostridium perfringens challenge to induce necrotic enteritis     

Stanley D  Keyburn AL  Denman SE  Moore RJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,159(1-2):155-162

Necrotic enteritis is a disease of considerable economic importance to the global poultry industry. Clostridium perfringens has long been recognised as the etiological agent of the disease. However, disease initiation and progression is complex and appears to be precipitated by a range of predisposing factors. The present study investigated microbial interactions in the caecum of birds challenged with C. perfringens that developed necrotic enteritis. Bacterial populations of healthy and diseased birds, across two independent animal trials, were characterised by pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 region of 16S rRNA genes. Significant changes in the microbiota of infected birds were detected. Most of the affected bacterial species, including a number of butyrate producers, were reduced in abundance in infected birds compared to uninfected controls and a number of phylotypes, classified as Weissella species, were also more abundant in healthy birds. Conversely, some bacterial groups were more abundant in the C. perfringens-infected birds, for example, members of an unclassified order of Mollicutes showed a 3.7-fold increase in abundance in infected birds. Representative sequences from this novel order shared 99% identity with sequences previously detected in intestinal microbiota of chickens and humans, and have previously been shown to be represented in a number of samples originating from irritable bowel syndrome disease patients. We speculate that these newly identified perturbations in the composition of caecal microflora may play a role in the development and manifestation of necrotic enteritis.  相似文献