Characterization of carrot root oil arising from supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction     

Ranalli A  Contento S  Lucera L  Pavone G  Di Giacomo G  Aloisio L  Di Gregorio C  Mucci A  Kourtikakis I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(15):4795-4801

Carrot root oil (SCO), obtained by supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction, was characterized and compared to a commercial carrot oil (MCO) and a virgin olive oil (VOO) (cv. Coratina). SCO showed much higher contents of carotenes, phenolics, waxes, phytosterols, and sesquiterpene and monoterpene volatiles. In SCO, the most prominent components present in the fully investigated analytical fractions (fatty acids, triglycerides, waxes, phytosterols, long-chain aliphatic alcohols, superior triterpene alcohols, and volatiles) were, respectively, linolenic acid, trilinolein, waxes C38, beta-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, 1-hexacosanol, 24-methylencycloartanol and cycloartenol, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, alpha-pinene, and sabinene. In VOO, the major constituents of the above analytical classes were, respectively, oleic acid, trilinolein, waxes C36, unsaturated volatile C6 aldehydes (trans-2-hexenal most markedly), and the same prominent sterols and superior alcohols found in SCO. In MCO, which also contained a proportion of unknown plant oil, several components showed magnitudes that were lower compared to SCO but higher with respect to VOO. The last had the aliphatic and triterpene alcohol concentration higher compared to that of both SCO and MCO. Several chemometric methods, applied to different analytical data sets, proved to be effective in grouping the three oil kinds.  相似文献   

A population-based case-control study of diet and melanoma risk in northern Italy     

Vinceti M  Pellacani G  Malagoli C  Bassissi S  Sieri S  Bonvicini F  Krogh V  Seidenari S 《Public health nutrition》2005,8(8):1307-1314

OBJECTIVE: We aimed at examining the association between dietary constituents and risk of cutaneous melanoma. DESIGN: In an area of northern Italy we recruited 59 newly diagnosed melanoma patients and 59 age- and sex-matched population controls, to whom we administered a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: We found an excess risk of melanoma in subjects with a higher energy-adjusted intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and, in particular, of linoleic acid (relative risk = 2.16 for intake in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile, P for linear trend = 0.061). Conversely, disease risk was inversely associated with the consumption of soluble carbohydrates (relative risk = 0.34 for intake in the upper vs. the lowest tertile adjusting for total energy intake, P for linear trend = 0.046). No other dietary factors, including alcohol, vitamins and trace elements, correlated with melanoma risk. The association of melanoma risk with linoleic acid and soluble carbohydrates intakes was further strengthened in multivariate analysis, and when analysis was limited to females. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results indicate that an excess energy-adjusted intake of linoleic acid and a lower consumption of soluble carbohydrates may increase melanoma risk.  相似文献   

Antioxidant activity of capsinoids   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Rosa A  Deiana M  Casu V  Paccagnini S  Appendino G  Ballero M  Dessí MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(25):7396-7401

Hot peppers are a good source of dietary antioxidants, encompassing, apart from widespread compounds (flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, vitamin A, ascorbic acid, tocopherols), also specific constituents such as the pungent capsaicinoids (capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and related analogues). We have shown that capsinoids also show remarkable antioxidant activity. These benign analogues of capsaicin could protect linoleic acid against free radical attack in simple in vitro systems, inhibiting both its autoxidation and its iron- or EDTA-mediated oxidation. These properties were retained in some simple synthetic analogues (vanillyl nonanoate and its dimerization products). Capsiate, dihydrocapsiate, and their analogues were devoid of pro-oxidant activity and showed a highly significant antioxidant activity in all systems investigated. Vanillyl nonanoate, a simple capsinoid mimic, was also tested on cell cultures for cytotoxic activity and the capacity to inhibit FeCl(3)-induced oxidation.  相似文献   

Acute phase protein response during road transportation and lairage at a slaughterhouse in feedlot beef cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Giannetto C  Fazio F  Casella S  Marafioti S  Giudice E  Piccione G 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(11):1531-1534

The effects of transport for 5 hr by road and lairage for 48 hr on acute phase protein in Limousine feedlot beef cattle (n = 10, 14-16 months old, body weight 620 ± 70 kg) were examined. Blood was collected at before loading, immediately after unloading and 12, 24 and 48 hr after the initiation of transportation. Serum was collected for assay of haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), plasma was obtained for assay fibrinogen (Fb) and the white blood cell count (WBC) was determined in whole blood at each time point. A significant effect of experimental conditions on Hp, SAA and WBC was observed. In particular, this effect was found 24 hr after transport for Hp and SAA and after 48 hr for WBC. Application of a linear regression model showed a high correlation between WBC and Hp and SAA. Lairage in a slaughterhouse represents a stressful condition that can compromise animal welfare and meat quality. Monitoring of SAA with the highest sensitivity and specificity could be a useful marker of welfare condition in this period.  相似文献   

Morphological and molecular data on the dermal microfilariae of a species of Cercopithifilaria from a dog in Sicily     

Otranto D  Brianti E  Dantas-Torres F  Weigl S  Latrofa MS  Gaglio G  Cauquil L  Giannetto S  Bain O 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,182(2-4):221-229

Dermal microfilariae found in a dog from Sicily, Italy, were characterized morphologically and genetically and differentiated from those of all the other blood microfilariae commonly found in dogs. In particular, the microfilariae were short (mean length of 186.7 μm), presented a body flattened dorso-ventrally and a rounded head, bearing a tiny cephalic hook. The genetic identity of microfilariae herein studied was also assessed by molecular amplification, sequencing and analyzing of multiple ribosomal ITS-2 and mitochondrial (cox1 and 12S) target genes. Both morphologic and genetic characterization as well as the molecular phylogenetic history inferred using sequences of a barcoding dataset were concordant in supporting the identification of Cercopithifilaria at the genus level. Surprisingly, microfilariae here examined were well distinct from Cercopithifilaria grassii (Noè, 1907), from northern Italy, and resembled those of a species described in Brazil, Cercopithifilaria bainae Almeida & Vicente, 1984. This paper provides evidence for the existence of a Cercopithifilaria species infesting a dog from Sicily and also presents a PCR protocol on skin samples as a tool for further epidemiological studies, which could provide evidence on the aetiology and the natural history of this filarial species.  相似文献   

Symptomatic Capillaria plica infection in a young European cat     

Rossi M  Messina N  Ariti G  Riggio F  Perrucci S 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(10):793-795

An 8-month-old owned European cat showing abdominal pain, fever, distended painful bladder and urinary blockage was presented. Intravenous fluids were immediately administered and, after sedation, a urinary catheter was applied. Blood and urine analysis revealed cystitis and a moderate-to-severe degree of renal failure. About 20 thread-like nematodes, identified as Capillaria plica larvae and fragments of adult stages, were found in the urine sediment. After treatment with an oral formulation of fenbendazole at 25 mg/kg q 12 h for 10 days, urinary signs and bladder worms disappeared. Cases of Capillaria species bladder worms in cats are rarely reported and most infected cats show no clinical signs, presumably because of a low parasite burden. In the present study, feline capillariosis was associated to urethral obstruction, severe difficulties in urination, cystitis and renal failures.  相似文献   

Effects of hydrocortisone and aminophylline on the aggregation of equine platelets in vitro     

Stefania Casella  Elisabetta Giudice  Claudia Giannetto  Simona Marafioti  Giuseppe Piccione 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2011,12(3):215-219

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of hydrocortisone and aminophylline on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation in horses. Blood samples from 30 healthy Thoroughbred horses were collected by via jugular venipuncture to assess platelet aggregation. Platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma were prepared from all samples by centrifugation and divided into three different aliquots. In the first aliquot, platelet aggregation was measured after platelet activation with 1 µM and 0.5 µM ADP (Group A). In the other two aliquots, the effect of a 10 min preincubation with hydrocortisone (Group B) or aminophylline (Group C) on ADP-induced aggregation at final ADP concentrations of 1 µM and 0.5 µM was observed. Platelet aggregation, recorded by an aggregometer, was evaluated by measuring the maximum degree of platelet aggregation and the initial velocities of platelet aggregation were obtained. Our results demonstrated the inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone and the induction effect of aminophylline on equine platelet responses in vitro.  相似文献   

Impact of Agro-industrial Byproducts on Bioconversion,Chemical Composition,in vitro Digestibility,and Microbiota of the Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae     

Gianluca Galassi  Costanza Jucker  Pietro Parma  Daniela Lupi  Gianni Matteo Crovetto  Sara Savoldelli  Stefania Colombini 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2021,21(1)

The interest in using byproducts from agro-food industries as a rearing substrate for insects is increasing rapidly. We investigated the influence of byproducts of vegetal origin (okara—a byproduct of soy milk production, maize distillers with solubles, brewer’s grains), used as rearing diet for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), on the following parameters: biomass production, substrate reduction (SR), nutritional profile and in vitro digestibility, and larval gut microbiota. Hen diet was used as a control substrate. The highest larval biomass was collected on maize distillers, whereas the highest SR was observed on okara. The rearing substrate affected ash, ether extract, and chitin larval content. The BSFL reared on okara were characterized by a lower lauric acid content (17.6% of total fatty acids). Diets also influenced in vitro crude protein digestibility (%) for monogastrics, with the highest values for BSFL reared on maize distillers (87.8), intermediate for brewer’s grains and okara BSFL, and the lowest for hen BSFL (82.7). The nutritive value for ruminants showed a lower Net Energy for lactation for BSFL reared on hen diet than okara and dried maize distillers BSFL. The different byproducts showed an influence on the larval gut microbiota, with a major bacterial complexity observed on larvae fed with the hen diet. The neutral detergent fiber concentration of dietary substrate was negatively correlated with Firmicutes and Actinobacteria relative abundance. Insects valorized byproducts converting them into high-value larval biomass to be used for feed production. The results evidenced the effects of the tested byproducts on the measured parameters, underling the chemical composition importance on the final insect meal quality.  相似文献   

Tetrodotoxins (TTXs) and Vibrio alginolyticus in Mussels from Central Adriatic Sea (Italy): Are They Closely Related?     

Simone Bacchiocchi  Debora Campacci  Melania Siracusa  Alessandra Dubbini  Francesca Leoni  Tamara Tavoloni  Stefano Accoroni  Stefania Gorbi  Maria Elisa Giuliani  Arianna Stramenga  Arianna Piersanti 《Marine drugs》2021,19(6)

Tetrodotoxins (TTXs), potent neurotoxins, have become an increasing concern in Europe in recent decades, especially because of their presence in mollusks. The European Food Safety Authority published a Scientific Opinion setting a recommended threshold for TTX in mollusks of 44 µg equivalent kg⁻¹ and calling all member states to contribute to an effort to gather data in order to produce a more exhaustive risk assessment. The objective of this work was to assess TTX levels in wild and farmed mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) harvested in 2018–2019 along the coastal area of the Marche region in the Central Adriatic Sea (Italy). The presence of Vibrio spp. carrying the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) genes, which are suspected to be involved in TTX biosynthesis, was also investigated. Out of 158 mussel samples analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS), 11 (7%) contained the toxins at detectable levels (8–26 µg kg⁻¹) and 3 (2%) contained levels above the EFSA safety threshold (61–76 µg kg⁻¹). Contaminated mussels were all harvested from natural beds in spring or summer. Of the 2019 samples, 70% of them contained V. alginolyticus strains with the NRPS and/or PKS genes. None of the strains containing NRPS and/or PKS genes showed detectable levels of TTXs. TTXs in mussels are not yet a threat in the Marche region nor in Europe, but further investigations are surely needed.  相似文献   

Predicting soil test phosphorus decrease in non-P-fertilized conditions     

Stefania C. Appelhans  Walter D. Carciochi  Adrian Correndo  Flavio H. Gutierrez Boem  Fernando Salvagiotti  Fernando O. Garcia  Ricardo J.M. Melchiori  Pedro A. Barbagelata  Luis A. Ventimiglia  Gustavo N. Ferraris  Hugo S. Vivas  Octavio P. Caviglia  Ignacio A. Ciampitti 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(1):254-264

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