Untersuchungen zum gezielten Einsatz von Insektiziden gegen den Rapsglanzkäfer (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Meligethes aeneus</Emphasis>) in der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis des Landes Brandenburg im Zeitraum von 2006 bis 2014     

Stefania Kupfer  Gerhard Schröder 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2015,67(2):59-73

Before 2006, agents of class II pyrethroids were used to control rape pests including the rape pollen beetle mainly. Thus, the selection of pyrethroids-resistant pollen beetle populations was encouraged. The aim of our study was to identify ways to combat these populations. Therefore, data of 465 real on-farm insecticide applications from nine years since 2006 were analyzed with regard to their effects on the pollen beetle and own experiments were carried out to test the efficacy of approved insecticides and control strategies. The analysis showed that the highest efficiencies were obtained with agents of the group of organophosphates and with the active substances indoxacarb and pymetrozine. Beyond that, the data examined revealed that the efficiency of thiacloprid (an insecticide of the class of neonicotinoids) has remained relatively constant throughout the observation period. In contrast, the increase in pyrethroid-resistant pollen beetle populations reflects the further decrease in efficacy of class II pyrethroids in the period 2011–2014.In summary, it should be noted that currently available insecticides achieve a maximal abatement level of 80–85?%. Therefore, an economic damage cannot be prevented on rapeseed locations with a very strong pollen beetle infestation even if multiple use of insecticides happens.To prevent further escalation of the resistance problem, another aspect should be given greater attention in the future. 55?% of the insecticide applications in the practice dataset where carried out before the control threshold (BRW) for weakly developed oilseed rape crops was achieved; often in the stage of micro-bud (BBCH 51). In compliance with the currently suggested higher control threshold, only 15?% of the insecticide applications would have been necessary. Thus, a reduction of the number of insecticide applications could be achieved by considering the higher thresholds. This would significantly reduce the selection pressure. Therefore, plant protection advice should mediate between exploiting the control thresholds and using the most appropriate insecticide.  相似文献   

Population genetic structure of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Adriatic Sea and contiguous regions: implications for international conservation          下载免费PDF全文

Stefania Gaspari  Draško Holcer  Peter Mackelworth  Caterina Fortuna  Alexandros Frantzis  Tilen Genov  Morgana Vighi  Chiara Natali  Nikolina Rako  Elisa Banchi  Guido Chelazzi  Claudio Ciofi 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2015,25(2):212-222

Influence of the decrease in oxygen during malaxation of olive paste on the composition of volatiles and phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil     

Servili M  Taticchi A  Esposto S  Urbani S  Selvaggini R  Montedoro G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):10048-10055

The sensory and health properties of virgin olive oil (VOO) are highly related to its volatile and phenolic composition. Oxygen control in the pastes during malaxation may be a new technological parameter to regulate enzymatic activities, such as polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, and lipoxygenase, which affect the phenolic and volatile composition of VOO. In this work, we monitored CO2 and O2 concentrations during industrial-scale olive paste malaxation with various initial O2 concentrations within the malaxer headspace. Results show that the O2 concentration in the malaxer headspace did not affect CO2 production during processing, whereas a strong influence was observed on the changes of the phenolic composition of olive pastes and VOOs, with high correlation coefficient for the total phenols (R = 0.94), especially for oleuropein and demethyloleuropein derivatives (R = 0.81). In contrast, aroma production during malaxation was minimally affected by the O2 concentration in the malaxer headspace.  相似文献   

Phytochemical Characterization and Effects on Cell Proliferation of Lentisk (Pistacia lentiscus) Berry Oil: a Revalued Source of Phenolics     

Siano  Francesco  Cutignano  Adele  Moccia  Stefania  Russo  Gian Luigi  Volpe  Maria Grazia  Picariello  Gianluca 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(4):487-494

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The ethno-pharmaceutical use of the edible fixed oil produced from lentisk (Pistacia lentiscus) berries covers a long tradition in several Mediterranean regions....  相似文献   

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MSn) Analysis and Bioactivity Useful for Prevention of “Diabesity” of Allium commutatum Guss     

Loizzo  Monica R.  Tundis  Rosa  Sut  Stefania  Dall’Acqua  Stefano  Ilardi  Vincenzo  Leporini  Mariarosaria  Falco  Tiziana  Sicari  Vincenzo  Bruno  Maurizio 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(1):124-130

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - This study aimed at evaluating and comparing the chemical profile obtained by HPLC-ESI-MSn analysis, the inhibitory activity of enzymes linked to obesity...  相似文献   

Determination and Comparison of the Lipid Profile and Sodium Content of Gluten-Free and Gluten-Containing Breads from the Spanish Market     

Tres  Alba  Tarnovska  Natalia  Varona  Elisa  Quintanilla-Casas  Beatriz  Vichi  Stefania  Gibert  Anna  Vilchez  Elisenda  Guardiola  Francesc 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(3):344-354

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The objective is to verify if gluten-free (GF) and gluten-containing (G) breads differ in their sodium content and lipid profile. Samples of GF...  相似文献   

Choice of selection strategy in breeding barley for stress environments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Salvatore Ceccarelli  Stefania Grando  Alfredo Impiglia 《Euphytica》1998,103(3):307-318

To determine the optimum selection environment for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) targeted at low-input, stress environment, barley lines were selected for high yield under stress (YS), high yield under non-stress (YNS), or average yield in stress and non-stress conditions (YA) during three breeding cycles (cohorts) of three years each. The lines were then tested in a total of 21 year-location combinations with average grain yields ranging from 0.35 to 4.86 t ha^-1. Yield under stress of the YS lines was between 27% and 54% higher than that of the YNS lines, with the top YS lines yielding under stress between 16% and 30% more than the top YNS lines. Realized heritability was between 0.35 and 0.67 when selection was conducted under stress and was significant in all three cohorts. By contrast, selection under non-stress gave a significant response in only one cohort, and its efficiency in improving yield under stress was significantly lower than selection under stress. The best YNS line ranked only 19th for yield under stress. The highest-yielding lines under stress were not only selected under stress, but were also landraces collected in very dry areas (< 250 mm total annual rainfall). This confirms earlier findings and supports the idea that the most effective way to improve productivity of crops grown in less-favored areas is to use locally adapted germplasm and select in the target environment(s). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Suppressive activity of some glucosinolate enzyme degradation products on Pythium irregulare and Rhizoctonia solani in sterile soil     

Luisa M Manici  Luca Lazzeri  Gianluca Baruzzi  Onofrio Leoni  Stefania Galletti  Sandro Palmieri 《Pest management science》2000,56(10):921-926

Glucosinolate degradation products (GLDPs), mainly isothiocyanates, obtained by myrosinase‐catalysed hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GLs), are an important group of natural bioactive substances. The fungitoxic activity of four GLDPs, chosen on the basis of their side‐chain structures, was assayed against Pythium irregulare and Rhizoctonia solani. The effectiveness of the degradation products (DPs) of sinigrin (alkenyl GL), epi‐progoitrin (hydroxy‐alkenyl GL), glucoiberin and glucoerucin (thiofunctionalised GLs) in inhibiting P irregulare oospore germination and R solani soil colonisation were tested in a closed system, using an artificially infected soil. The fungitoxic activity of these GLDPs varied according to their side‐chain structure. As in previous in vitro studies, the thiofunctionalised GLDPs were found the most effective, producing complete inhibition of P irregulare oospore germination (0.01 µmole g⁻¹ soil) and R solani soil colonisation (0.5 µmole g⁻¹ soil), but even sinigrin DP showed a fungitoxic activity higher than that of epi‐progoitrin DP. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Differential Responses of Barley Landraces and Improved Barley Cultivars to Nitrogen-Phosphorus Fertilizer     

John Ryan  Samir Masri  Salvatore Ceccarelli  Stefania Grando  Hayriye Ibrikci 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):381-393

Barley is traditionally grown in the Mediterranean region as a dryland crop, invariably under drought-stressed conditions and often without inputs such as fertilizer. Following research that demonstrated the benefits of fertilization, even under less-than-favourable rainfall condition, fertilizer use on cereals has increased dramatically in the past few decades in countries of West Asia-North Africa. With developments in breeding new barley cultivars for higher yield, combined with disease resistance and environmental adaptability, it is crucial to assess the extent to which such cultivars respond to fertilizer inputs as this may affect aspects of a breeding strategy, particularly the choice of germplasm for adaptation in any particular environment. Thus, we assessed the yield potential of 30 barley cultivars with a range of germplasm types, including new cultivars and landraces, in a greenhouse in two soil types with and without adequate nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, i.e., low and high fertility. By comparison with the unfertilized low fertility soils, the fertilizer treatment increased yield parameters by about 10-fold. However, the rankings of some cultivars changed markedly with fertilization; some increased, others showed poor responses and decreased relatively, and two performed well with and without fertilizer. Based on the differential responses at the initial screening stage in the greenhouse, it is possible to identify lines or cultivars that are highly responsive to fertilizers and to incorporate such germplasm for further development to produce high-yielding cultivars for commercial adoption by farmers.  相似文献   

Effect of stocking density and protein/fat ratio of the diet on the growth of Dover sole (Solea solea)     

Giovanni Piccolo  Stefania Marono  Fulvia Bovera  Raffaella Tudisco  Gaetano Caricato  Antonino Nizza 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(16):1697-1704

Two hundred and fifty soles (30 g initial weight) were randomly stocked in 12 tanks (recirculation system) at two different stocking densities (2.3 and 1.3 kg m^?2) and fed on two different diets (50% and 54% of crude protein and 21% and 18% of total lipid, respectively, for diets A and B) with triplicate tanks for treatment. The trial lasted for 300 days. Fish stocked at low density showed a significantly higher weight gain than the fish reared at 2.3 kg m^?2 density (94.1±7.4 vs. 78.9±8.2 g, P<0.01) with a specific growth rate (SGR) of 0.46±0.11 and 0.43±0.16 (P<0.01) respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was more favourable for lower density groups (2.50 vs. 2.64, P<0.01). Diet B led to a higher final weight (124.1 vs. 110.2 g, P<0.01) and a better feed utilization (FCR: 2.49 vs. 2.65, P<0.01). Except for the lipid content, which was higher in the low‐density group (2.6% vs. 2.3%, P<0.05), proximate composition of sole's muscle was not influenced by treatments. Dover sole reared at low stocking density showed higher monounsaturated fatty acid (35.27% vs. 34.40%, P<0.01) and lower saturated fatty acid (24.36 vs. 26.13%, P<0.01) contents, and lower atherogenic (0.67 vs. 0.75, P<0.01) and thrombogenic (0.28 vs. 0.32, P<0.01) indexes.  相似文献