First isolation and molecular characterization of Ehrlichia canis in Spain     

Aguirre E  Sainz A  Dunner S  Amusategui I  López L  Rodríguez-Franco F  Luaces I  Cortés O  Tesouro MA 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,125(3-4):365-372

This paper reports the first isolation and culture of Ehrlichia canis in Spain from a naturally infected dog using the DH82 cell line. After DNA extraction and PCR amplification, a nearly complete (1412bp) sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of the new E. canis strain was obtained. The GenBank accession number for the nucleotide sequence of this strain is AY394465. This sequence was aligned with the 16S rRNA gene sequences of other Ehrlichia strains accessible in GenBank. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the E. canis strain reported here showed a high percentage of similarity with the 16S rRNA gene sequence of E. canis from different geographic areas including Japan, Venezuela and Israel. These data confirm the presence of E. canis in Spain.  相似文献   

Evaluation of consistency of jumping technique in horses between the ages of 6 months and 4 years     

Santamaría S  Bobbert ME  Back W  Barneveld A  van Weeren PR 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(7):945-950

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether differences in jumping technique among horses are consistent at various ages. ANIMALS: 12 Dutch Warmblood horses. PROCEDURE: Kinematics were recorded during free jumps of horses when they were 6 months old (ie, no jumping experience) and 4 years old (ie, the horses had started their training period to become show jumpers). Mean +/- SD height of the horses was 1.40 +/- 0.04 m at 6 months of age and 1.70 +/- 0.05 m at 4 years of age. RESULTS: Strong correlations were found between values from 6-month-old foals and 4-year-old horses for variables such as peak vertical acceleration generated by the hind limbs (r, 0.91), peak rate of change of effective energy generated by the hind limbs (r, 0.71), vertical velocity at takeoff (r, 0.65), vertical displacement of the center of gravity during the airborne phase (r, 0.81), and duration of the airborne phase (r, 0.70). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although there are substantial anatomic and behavioral changes during the growing period, certain characteristics of jumping technique observed in na?ve 4-year-olds are already detectable when those horses are foals.  相似文献   

Detecting N-myristoylation and S-acylation of host and pathogen proteins in plants using click chemistry     

Patrick?C.?Boyle  Simon?Schwizer  Sarah?R.?Hind  Christine?M.?Kraus  Susana?De la?Torre Diaz  Bin?He  Gregory?B.?MartinEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile 《Plant methods》2016,12(1):38

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Comparison of the postoperative analgesic effects of cimicoxib,buprenorphine and their combination in healthy dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy     

Rocío Bustamante  María A. Daza  Susana Canfrán  Paloma García  María Suárez  Ignacio Trobo  Ignacio A. Gómez de Segura 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(4):545-556

Objective

To determine the noninferior postoperative analgesic efficacy of cimicoxib compared to buprenorphine following elective ovariohysterectomy in healthy bitches.

Study design

Prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial.

Animals

A total of 63 healthy dogs.

Methods

To provide perioperative analgesia, cimicoxib 2 mg kg^?1 (orally), buprenorphine 0.02 mg kg^?1 (two doses, intramuscularly), or both drugs combined, were administered. Dogs were sedated with acepromazine and anaesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. Pain was assessed with the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale (GCPS), a pain numerical rating scale (NRS) and mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT), preoperatively and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 20 and 23 hours after extubation. Sedation was also scored at the same time points. A noninferiority approach was employed to determine the efficacy of cimicoxib compared to buprenorphine. Treatment groups were compared with parametric [analysis of variance (anova), t test] and nonparametric test as appropriate (Kruskal–Wallis, chi-square).

Results

The GCPS, pain NRS and MNT tests demonstrated noninferiority of cimicoxib compared to buprenorphine (rejection of inferiority: p < 0.001, all). Furthermore, cimicoxib provided better analgesia compared to buprenorphine alone according to the GCPS (p < 0.01) and NRS (p < 0.05), but not the MNT. Conversely, an increase in the analgesic effect when cimicoxib was combined with buprenorphine was only observed with the MNT (p < 0.01). There were no differences in rescue analgesia requirements both intra- and postoperatively between treatments. Gastrointestinal side effects were increased in dogs administered cimicoxib, whereas dogs treated with buprenorphine had higher sedation scores 1-hour postoperatively and required lower doses of propofol for the induction of anaesthesia.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Cimicoxib has noninferior postoperative analgesic efficacy compared to buprenorphine, and both drugs have comparable analgesic effects for the control of postoperative pain in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy.  相似文献   

Plasma biochemistry RIs and age effect in European Strigiformes          下载免费PDF全文

Susana Agusti Montolio  Rafaela Cuenca Valera  Santiago Lavín González  Carolyn Cray  Rafael Molina López  Emmanuel Serrano Ferron  Olga Nicolás Francisco  Ignasi Marco Sánchez  Encarna Casas‐Díaz 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2018,47(1):78-93

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Captan and fenitrothion dissipation in field-treated cauliflowers and effect of household processing     

Fernández-Cruz ML  Barreda M  Villarroya M  Peruga A  Llanos S  García-Baudín JM 《Pest management science》2006,62(7):637-645

Field trial studies have been performed with captan and fenitrothion on cauliflower to propose maximum residue limits and to study the dissipation of the pesticides. Residue levels have been determined at different times following good laboratory practice using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The behaviour of residue levels of these compounds after household processing has been analysed using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Seven days after treatment, residue levels of captan could be detected, but not of fenitrothion. The half-lives of dissipation for captan and fenitrothion were calculated as 0.9 and 1.8 days respectively. Washing did not significantly affect the residual amounts of captan and fenitrothion observed in raw vegetables; however, after cooking, captan had degraded completely, whereas residue levels of fenitrothion were not modified significantly.  相似文献   

Punicalagin and catechins contain polyphenolic substructures that influence cell viability and can be monitored by radical chemosensors sensitive to electron transfer     

Carreras A  Mateos-Martín ML  Velázquez-Palenzuela A  Brillas E  Sánchez-Tena S  Cascante M  Juliá L  Torres JL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(7):1659-1665

Plant polyphenols may be free radical scavengers or generators, depending on their nature and concentration. This dual effect, mediated by electron transfer reactions, may contribute to their influence on cell viability. This study used two stable radicals (tris(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-nitrophenyl)methyl (TNPTM) and tris(2,4,6-trichloro-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methyl (HNTTM)) sensitive only to electron transfer reduction reactions to monitor the redox properties of polyphenols (punicalagin and catechins) that contain phenolic hydroxyls with different reducing capacities. The use of the two radicals reveals that punicalagin's substructures consisting of gallate esters linked together by carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds are more reactive than simple gallates and less reactive than the pyrogallol moiety of green tea catechins. The most reactive hydroxyls, detected by TNPTM, are present in the compounds that affect HT-29 cell viability the most. TNPTM reacts with C-C-linked gallates and pyrogallol and provides a convenient way to detect potentially beneficial polyphenols from natural sources.  相似文献   

Biogenic amine profile in unripe Arabica coffee beans processed according to dry and wet methods     

Dias EC  Pereira RG  Borém FM  Mendes E  de Lima RR  Fernandes JO  Casal S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(16):4120-4125

Immature coffee fruit processing contributes to a high amount of defective beans, which determines a significant amount of low-quality coffee sold in the Brazilian internal market. Unripe bean processing was tested, taking the levels of bioactive amines as criteria for evaluating the extent of fermentation and establishing the differences between processing methods. The beans were processed by the dry method after being mechanically depulped immediately after harvest or after a 12 h resting period in a dry pile or immersed in water. Seven bioactive amines were quantified: putrescine, spermine, spermidine, serotonin, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine, with global amounts ranging from 71.8 to 80.3 mg/kg. The levels of spermine and spermidine were lower in the unripe depulped coffee than in the natural coffee. The specific conditions of dry and wet processing also influenced cadaverine levels, and histamine was reduced in unripe depulped coffee. A resting period of 12 h does not induce significant alteration on the beans and can be improved if performed in water. These results confirm that peeling immature coffee can decrease fermentation processes while providing more uniform drying, thus reducing the number of defects and potentially increasing beverage quality.  相似文献   

Oxidative Status of Stressed Caenorhabditis elegans Treated with Epicatechin     

González-Manzano S  González-Paramás AM  Delgado L  Patianna S  Surco-Laos F  Dueñas M  Santos-Buelga C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(36):8911-8916

The aim of this work was to examine the mechanisms involved in the in vivo antioxidant effects of epicatechin (EC), a major flavonoid in the human diet. The influence of EC in different oxidative biomarkers (reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular glutathione, activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) was studied in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans . Under thermal stress condition, exposure of the worms (wild type N2 strains) to EC (200 μM) significantly reduced ROS levels (up to 28%) and enhanced the production of reduced glutathione (GSH). However, no significant changes were appreciated in the activities of GPx, CAT, and SOD, suggesting that further activation of these antioxidant enzymes was not required once the concentration of ROS in the EC-treated worms was restored to what could be considered physiological levels.  相似文献   

Short-term exposure to carbaryl and UV radiation increases the reproduction output of the collembolan Folsomia candida     

Diogo F. N. Cardoso  Ana Catarina Bastos  Amadeu M. V. M. Soares  Susana Loureiro 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(9):1559-1567

Purpose

Ecotoxicological risk assessment of chemical compounds is considered more accurate when mixtures of chemicals and/or interactions between chemicals and natural stressors are considered. To further simulate natural conditions, under which organisms are often exposed to combinations of natural and anthropogenic stressors, the combined exposure of a widely used insecticide, carbaryl, under UV radiation was evaluated. It is more than likely that soil organisms are confronted with a combination of chemical exposure and increasing UV irradiance on the terrestrial habitat. Considering the heterogeneity of contamination in field soils and the probability of collembolan to avoid contaminated soil (less time under exposure), combined effects of carbaryl and ultraviolet radiation were evaluated, by using a short exposure to Folsomia candida.

Materials and methods

Single exposures to carbaryl and UV radiation were performed, and adult mortality and number of laid and hatched eggs were reported. Following the results, a combined exposure was carried out, using the same conditions performed previously in the single tests. Organisms were exposed simultaneously to carbaryl (from 1 to 7 mg kg^?1) and UV doses (from 1,121.29 to 3,795.26 J m^?2), the last corresponds to 1 to 4 h of exposure. Mortality was reported, and organisms were left to lay eggs in culture boxes.

Results and discussion

Both ultraviolet radiation and high concentrations of carbaryl as single stressors increased the number of produced eggs of F. candida, with significant differences at higher concentrations (4, 5.5, and 7 mg kg^?1) of carbaryl and an EC50 of 5.93 mg kg^?1. In the case of UV radiation, statistical differences were found at all concentrations compared with control, with an EC50 of 1,248.24 J m^?2. In both cases, no significant mortality was observed. When combined, both stressors acted independently on egg production, showing additivity of effects (independent action (IA) model to data on laid eggs; SS?=?0.00056; r2?=?0.75; p?Conclusions This study highlights the importance of taking UV exposure conditions into account when assessing the impact of pesticides to soil biota and looking for more realistic scenarios while showing that soil sheltering occurs only up to a certain extent and that indirect effects can be observed. The opposite trends on responses obtained under standardized tests and short exposures to carbaryl provided some insight on the possible effects of carbaryl during collembolan life cycle.  相似文献