Association between cellulitis (enlarged sternal bursa) and focal ulcerative dermatitis in Ontario turkeys at the time of processing     

St-Hilaire S  Arellano S  Ribble C 《Avian diseases》2003,47(3):531-536

We conducted a processing plant survey to determine the prevalence of cellulitis (enlarged sternal bursa) and focal ulcerative dermatitis (FUD) in Ontario turkeys during the summer and to establish whether the two conditions were associated. A total of 11,772 birds from 24 different farms were observed at three processing plants in Ontario between June and August 2001. Each bird was examined for the presence of cellulitis and FUD. The severity and location of lesions were also noted. The overall prevalence of severe cellulitis (requiring either extensive trimming or condemnation of the bird) was 8.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.7, 10.9) and the overall prevalence for FUD was 22.6% (19.3, 25.9). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the prevalences of the two lesions was 0.56 (P = 0.0043), suggesting farms with a high prevalence of FUD in their birds also had a high prevalence of cellulitis. More specifically, birds with FUD were, on average, 10.8 times more likely to have cellulitis than birds without FUD (Mantel-Haenszel summary odds ratio = 10.8; 95% CI = 9.5, 12.3). Our observations suggest FUD may predispose birds to cellulitis, in which case, preventing FUD may reduce the occurrence of cellulitis condemnations in turkeys.  相似文献   

Thermal decomposition and isomerization of cis-permethrin and beta-cypermethrin in the solid phase     

González Audino P  Licastro SA  Zerba E 《Pest management science》2002,58(2):183-189

The stability to heart of cis-permethrin and beta-cypermethrin in the solid phase was studied and the decomposition products identified. Samples heated at 210 degrees C in an oven in the dark showed that, in the absence of potassium chlorate (the salt present in smoke-generating formulations of these pyrethroids), cis-permethrin was not isomerized, although in the presence of that salt, decomposition was greater and thermal isomerization occurred. Other salts of the type KXO3 or NaXO3, with X being halogen or nitrogen, also led to a considerable thermal isomerization. Heating the insecticides in solution in the presence of potassium chlorate did not produce isomerization in any of the solvents assayed. Salt-catalysed thermal cis-trans isomerization was also found for other pyrethroids derived from permethrinic or deltamethrinic acid but not for those derived from chrysanthemic acid. The main thermal degradation processes of cis-permethrin and beta-cypermethrin decomposition when potassium chlorate was present were cyclopropane isomerization, ester cleavage and subsequent oxidation of the resulting products. Permethrinic acid, 3-phenoxybenzyle chloride, alcohol, aldehyde and acid were identified in both cases, as well as 3-phenoxybenzyl cyanide from beta-cypermethrin. A similar decomposition pattern occurred after combustion of pyrethroid fumigant formulations.  相似文献   

A Laboratory method for estimating survival of tobacco whitefly nymphs after insecticide treatment,based on honeydew excretion     

Venezia Melamed-Madjar  U. Gerson  Susana Tal 《Phytoparasitica》1983,11(1):25-32

A quick and easy method for estimating the number of surviving nymphs of the tobacco whitefly (TWF),Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), after spray applications was developed in the laboratory. The method is based on the number of honeydew droplets ejected by TWF immatures during 30 minutes. Since the nymphs ofB. tabaci feed on the lower leaf surfaces, the honeydew excreted falls downward. In this study infested cotton leaves were placed with their lower side up, forcing the nymphs to eject the honeydew droplet upwards. Inverted plastic petri dish covers were placed over infested cotton leaves and after 30 minutes the droplets deposited on the inner side of each cover were counted and the average number of droplets per nymph was calculated. To estimate the number of live nymphs on an infested cotton leaf, the number of droplets ejected during 30 minutes was divided by the average number of droplets per nymph (factor of 1.23).  相似文献   

Polymerase chain reaction typing of genes of the locus of enterocyte effacement of ruminant attaching and effacing Escherichia coli          下载免费PDF全文

María Yuste  Jos A. Orden  Ricardo De La Fuente  Jos A. Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria  Dolores Cid  Susana Martínez-Pulgarín    Gustavo Domínguez-Bernal 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(5):444-448

The variability of the tir, espA, and espD genes of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) in 185 attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) strains isolated from healthy and diarrheic cattle, sheep, and goats was investigated by polymerase chain reaction. Nineteen of the strains were enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC); the other 166 were enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). The combinations of the tir and esp genes were associated with the variants of the eae gene but not with a strain’s belonging to the EPEC or EHEC group, animal species, or health status (healthy or diarrheic) of the animal. In addition, most of the strains showed the same combinations of LEE genes and serogroups as have been found in AEEC strains isolated from humans, which indicates that ruminants seem to be an EPEC reservoir for humans.  相似文献   

Evaluation of inciting causes, alternative targets, and risk factors associated with redirected aggression in cats     

Amat M  Manteca X  Brech SL  Ruiz de la Torre JL  Mariotti VM  Fatjó J 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,233(4):586-589

OBJECTIVE: To identify inciting causes, alternative targets, and risk factors associated with redirected aggression in cats. DESIGN: Case-control study. ANIMALS: 19 cats with a history of redirected aggression and 64 cats with no such history. PROCEDURES: Medical records were reviewed to identify cats evaluated for problems with redirected aggression (case cats), in which the primary inciting stimulus and alternative target of aggression were clearly identifiable. Data obtained from the records and from follow-up interviews included details about the cats and incidents of redirected aggression. Owners of control cats were interviewed via telephone to obtain similar information on their cats. RESULTS: 22 incidents of redirected aggression were reported for the 19 case cats. In 95% of those incidents, loud noises or interactions with other cats were identified as the inciting stimuli. Case cats most commonly redirected their aggression toward the owner, followed by another cat living in the same household. Compared with control cats, case cats were more likely to have a sound phobia but were less likely to be outdoor cats. In addition, case cats were more likely to be from small households (相似文献   

Thermal behaviour and biological activity of pyrethroids in smoke-generating formulations     

Paola Gonzalez Audino  Susana A de Licastro  Eduardo Zerba 《Pest management science》1999,55(12):1187-1193

Smoke-generating insecticide formulations are nowadays very important for the control of Chagas' disease vectors. In this work, the thermal decomposition of different pyrethroid insecticides in smoke-generating formulations has been studied. Their recovery from the smoke has been determined, and the effect on this of the addition of foaming agents such as cyanoguanidine (CNG) or azodicarbonamide (ADC), or antioxidant agents such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) has been assessed. In each case the best smoke-generating formulation was established. Calorimetric studies were done to justify the behaviour of the smoke-generating mixtures. The isomerization process for different pyrethroids was also studied, to establish the influence of the foaming agents in inhibiting isomerization to less active pyrethroids. Smoke-generating mixtures containing β-cypermethrin and cis-permethrin as insecticides and CNG or ADC as foaming agents were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against nymphs I of Triatoma infestans, vector of Chagas' disease. The best effect was found with β-cypermethrin formulated with ADC, with LT₅₀ values lower than 5 min. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Suppression of Food Intake in Triatoma infestans by N-Substituted Methyl Maleamates     

Paola Gonzalez Audino  Hector Masuh  Susana A. de Licastro  Claudia Vassena  María I. Picollo  Eduardo Zerba 《Pest management science》1997,49(4):339-343

A series of methyl esters of N-substituted (Z)- and (E)-maleamic acids were synthesized and their effect on food intake measured on fifth-instar nymphs of Triatoma infestans. Suppression of food intake was found only for the (Z)-isomers. The initial reaction rate of the synthesized compounds with glutathione (GSH) was calculated from the reaction in vitro of the (Z)-isomers. No reaction was observed with the (E)-isomers. Good correlation between the suppression of food intake, measured by its ED₅₀ (effective dose that inhibited feeding of 50% of the population) and the initial reaction rate with GSH and the hydrophobic parameter π, was found. © of SCI.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Preservation and Digestion of Seal Meat Processed with Heating and Antioxidant Seal Meat Hydrolysates     

Yi Zhang  Lea Spitzer  Xin Rui  Susana C. M. Fernandes  Romy Vaugeois  Benjamin K. Simpson 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)

Seal meat is of high nutritive value but is not highly exploited for human food due to ethical issues, undesirable flavors, and loss of nutrients during the processing/cooking step. In this work, commercially available processed seal meat was treated with its hydrolysates as preservatives with the aim of improving nutrient bioavailability. The contents of the nutrients were analyzed after digestion using a simulated dynamic digestion model, and the effects of different processing conditions, i.e., low-temperature processing and storage (25 °C) and high-temperature cooking (100 °C), of seal meat were investigated. Hydrolysates with antioxidant activity decreased the amounts of the less desirable Fe³⁺ ions in the seal meat digests. After treatment with hydrolysates at room temperature, a much higher total Fe content of 781.99 mg/kg was observed compared to other treatment conditions. The release of amino acids increased with temperature and was 520.54 mg/g for the hydrolysate-treated sample versus 413.12 mg/g for the control seal meat sample treated in buffer. Overall, this study provides useful data on the potential use of seal meat as a food product with high nutritive value and seal meat hydrolysates with antioxidant activity as preservatives to control oxidation in food.  相似文献   

Can jumping capacity of adult show jumping horses be predicted on the basis of submaximal free jumps at foal age? A longitudinal study     

Bobbert MF  Santamaría S  van Weeren PR  Back W  Barneveld A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,170(2):212-221

The purpose of this study was to quantify performance characteristics of good jumping horses, and to determine whether these were already detectable at foal age. Kinematic data were collected of horses performing free jumps over a 0.60 m high fence at six months of age and of these same horses jumping with a rider over a 1.15 m high fence at five years of age. At five years of age the horses were divided into three groups on the basis of a puissance competition: a group of seven best jumpers that made no errors and in the end cleared a 1.50 m high fence, a group of nine worst jumpers that were unable to clear a 1.40 m high fence, and an intermediate group of 13 horses. Longitudinal kinematic data was available for all seven best jumpers and for six of the nine worst jumpers. Average values of variables for the best jumpers were compared with those of the worst jumpers for the jumps over 1.15 m. In the group of best jumpers, the forelimbs were shorter at forelimb clearance due to increased elbow flexion, and the hind limbs were further retroflexed at hind limb clearance. The same superior technique in clearing fences with the limbs was also found in this group at six months of age. Nevertheless, for individual horses it turned out to be too far-fetched to predict adult jumping capacity on the basis of kinematic variables collected during submaximal jumps at foal age.  相似文献   

Metabolic and physiological characteristics of salt-tolerant strains of Bradyrhizobium spp.     

Faviana Barboza  Néstor S Correa  Susana B. Rosas 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,32(5):368-373

 Biochemical and physiological characteristics of salt-tolerant (88 mM, 264 mM and 440 mM NaCl) strains of Bradyrhizobium were evaluated according to their capacity for using different carbon sources, growth rate, resistance to antibiotics, plasmid profile and exopolysaccharide production. Salt-tolerant strains significantly enhance their capacity to oxidize C sources (about 75–85 compounds) by increasing growth rate and exopolysaccharide production involved in adhesion, resulting in a greater adapting capacity to colonize unfavorable saline environments. However, salt stress could work as a curing agent and thus the gene stability would become critical for the biological nitrogen-fixation information present in plasmids, as is the case in Rhizobium. Received: 5 January 1998  相似文献