剪股颖属植物遗传分化及系统关系的分子标记研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

张道远 《草业学报》2006,15(3):100-106

剪股颖属植物形态变异大、倍性复杂、种间易于杂交,导致异名多、分类混乱。本研究采用4种分子标记技术,对包括匍茎剪股颖、巨序剪股颖及红顶草在内的7种剪股颖,共58个个体的遗传分化和系统关系进行研究。根据谱带清晰程度及多态性,筛选出9个RAPD引物、2个SSR引物、5个ISSR引物及1个SCAR标记,并建立了最适的PCR反应条件。采用最大简约法和距离法对7种剪股颖植物进行系统树分析,并用靴带检验法计算内部分支的支持率。启发式搜索得到的简约树和由UPGMA方法得到的表征树近乎相同,其中,匍茎剪股颖和红顶草构成单系类群并得到100%的置信支持。红顶草显示了匍茎剪股颖特异性特征谱带,但同时具有不同于匍茎剪股颖的遗传分化,支持将红顶草视为匍茎剪股颖一个变种的观点。对匍茎剪股颖与巨序剪股颖间的遗传分化进行了探讨。  相似文献   

Estimation of the carcass composition from a cross-section of the rib-loin from crossbred Japanese Black × Limousin F2 cattle by computer image analysis     

Toshihiro NADE  Jun-ichi SABURI  Tsuyosi ABE  Tetsuo NAKAGAWA  Toshiaki OKUMURA  Satsuki MISUMI  Kunihiko SAITO  Tadashi KAWAMURA  Kazuhisa FUJITA 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(6):567-574

The carcass composition of crossbred Japanese Black × Limousin F2 cattle was examined in order to find an accurate carcass composition equation. The test animals included 17 steers and 17 heifers. The 28 image measurements from the area encircling the vertical line to the thoracic vertebra and the line from the thoracic vertebra between the sixth and seventh rib‐bones were measured by computer image analysis. The relationships between the 29 parameters that added the carcass left side weight of the animal and the carcass composition were suggested. The carcass composition included muscle weight, muscle ratio, fat weight and fat ratio. The carcass composition from steers was estimated by an equation composed of these three or four parameters (R² = 90.80%, 79.30%, 90.75% and 73.70%, respectively). The selected parameters were measured without cutting the thoracic vertebra. The carcass composition from heifers was estimated by an equation composed of two to four parameters (R² = 96.15%, 90.98%, 93.60% and 88.22%, respectively). The parameters for the estimation of the muscle and fat weight, and muscle and fat ratio are very similar. Furthermore, the equations using the parameters could estimate the carcass composition from the Japanese Black × Limousin cattle resource population.  相似文献   

Gene rearrangement around the control region in the mitochondrial genome of conger eel Conger myriaster     

Satoshi Ishikawa  Yobuo Kimura  Tadashi Tokai  Katsumi Tsukamoto  Mutsumi Nishida 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(6):1186-1188

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Caprine somatic cell nuclear transfer using in vivo matured oocytes collected by laparoscopic follicular aspiration     

Katsuhiro OHKOSHI  Seiya TAKAHASHI  Shin-ichiro KOYAMA  Satoshi AKAGI  Noritaka ADACHI  Tadashi FURUSAWA  Jun-ichiro FUJIMOTO  Yoshiaki IZAIKE  Tomoyuki TOKUNAGA 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(4):269-276

In vivo matured oocytes collected by laparoscopic follicular aspiration (LFA) from hormone treated female goats were used as recipient ooplasts for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Japanese native (Shiba) goats were used as donor females and some donor females were used repeatedly (two or three times) at intervals of a few months. To induce synchronization of estrus, a sponge containing 0.5 g of progesterone was inserted into the vagina of each goat for 14 days. These animals were also treated with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in a series of 8 injections over 4 days. The first FSH injection was administered on the morning of day 9 of sponge insertion. On the morning of day 13, 50 µg of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) was injected into each animal. Twenty‐nine hours after GnRH injection, LFA was performed. After removal of cumulus cells, collected oocytes with the first polar body were selected and enucleated for nuclear transfer. Anterior pituitary cells isolated from an adult male Shiba goat were transfected with a DNA fragment containing the enhanced green flourescent protein gene and the puromycin resistance gene. A single donor cell was inserted into the perivitelline space of each enucleated oocyte and fusion was induced with one electric pulse of 20 V for 10 µs. The SCNT goat eggs were cultured in chemically defined medium at 38.5°C in 5% CO₂, 5% O₂, 90% N₂ for 9 days. By LFA, 396 oocytes were collected from a total of 30 females. After removal of cumulus cells, 64% of them extruded the first polar body. The percentage of SCNT goat eggs produced using in vivo matured oocytes which developed to the blastocyst stage (20–21%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that produced with in vitro matured oocytes (3–8%).  相似文献   

Variations in transpiration rate and leaf cell turgor maintenance in saplings of deciduous broad-leaved tree species common in cool temperate forests in Japan     

Saito T  Tanaka T  Tanabe H  Matsumoto Y  Morikawa Y 《Tree physiology》2003,23(1):59-66

To clarify mechanisms underlying variation in transpiration rate among deciduous broad-leaved tree species, we measured diurnal changes in stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf water potential, and calculated the maximum transpiration rate (Emax), leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (K(s-l)) and difference between the soil water potential and the daily minimum leaf water potential (Psis - Psi(l,min)). Pressure-volume (P-V) measurements were made on leaves. Saplings of eight broad-leaved tree species that are common in Japanese cool temperate forests were studied. Maximum transpiration rate varied significantly among species. There was a statistically significant difference in Psis - Psi(l,min), but not in K(s-l). Species with large Emax also had large Psis - Psi(l,min) and gs. The results of the P-V analyses showed that species with a large Psis - Psi(l,min) maintained turgor even at low leaf water potentials. The similar daily minimum leaf pressure potentials (Psip) across all eight species indicate that Psip values below this minimum are critical. Based on these results, we suggest that the leaf cell capacity for turgor maintenance strongly affects Psis - Psi(l,min) and consequently Emax via stomatal regulation.  相似文献   

Automatic detection of washboarding in bandsaws     

Nanfeng Zhu  Chiaki Tanaka  Tadashi Ohtani  Hiroshi Usuki 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(2):102-108

This paper presents an on-line method for detecting washboarding generated in bandsaws. It uses a parameter based on the shape of sawing force amplitude distributions. The curve of the probability density function of the parallel sawing force amplitude obeyed a normal distribution for the normal sawn surface, but it changed to an M-shaped distribution when washboarding appeared on the sawn surface of the workpiece. The curve of probability density function of the normal sawing force amplitude obeyed the normal distribution for any sawn surface investigated. The workpiece including a knot did not influence use of the parameter for detecting the appearance of washboarding.  相似文献   

Assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 2-aminobenzamide-labeled galacto- and arabinooligosaccharides     

Tadashi Ishii  Hiroshi Ono  Ikuko Maeda 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(3):295-302

1,4-Linked β-d-galactooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization (DP) between 1 and 7 and 1,5-linked α-l-arabinooligosaccharides with a DP between 1 and 8 were labeled at their reducing ends with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride. The 2AB-labeled oligosaccharides were shown to be homogeneous using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The signals in the ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the 2AB-labeled oligosaccharides were then assigned using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. These NMR data will be useful for the structural analysis of enzymatically synthesized galactan and arabinan side chains derived from rhamnogalacturonan I.  相似文献   

Estimating the production and mortality of fine roots in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantation using a minirhizotron technique     

Kyotaro Noguchi  Tadashi Sakata  Takeo Mizoguchi  Masamichi Takahashi 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(6):435-441

Fine roots are a key component of forested ecosystems, but available information is still limited. This study examined the production and mortality of fine roots less than 1 mm in diameter in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantation located on the Kanto Plain in central Japan. We used a minirhizotron technique in combination with soil coring, and collected data for 1 year (May 2002–May 2003). Fine root production and mortality were determined from changes in the lengths of individual fine roots on minirhizotron tubes. Both fine root production and mortality rates were greater in the upper soil than in lower soil levels. Both rates were seasonal, with higher values in summer than in winter; this trend was more pronounced in upper soil levels. These results suggest that environmental conditions, such as temperature or soil properties, affect the production and mortality rates of fine roots. Fine root production and mortality occurred simultaneously, and their rates were similar, which may have led to unclear seasonal changes in fine root standing crop estimates. Soil coring indicated that the fine root biomass of this stand was about 120 g m⁻², of which 40% was from Japanese cedar. The estimated rates of dry matter production and mortality of total fine roots, including understory plants, were both approximately 300 g m⁻² year⁻¹.  相似文献   

Fundamental studies on wood/cellulose-plastic composites: effects of composition and cellulose dimension on the properties of cellulose/PP composite   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Rashmi Kumari  Hirokazu Ito  Masahiro Takatani  Miho Uchiyama  Tadashi Okamoto 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(6):470-480

Although wood/cellulose-plastic composites (WPC) of low wood/cellulose content have been more accepted worldwide and are promoted as low-maintenance, high-durability building products, composites containing high wood/cellulose content are not yet developed on an industrial scale. In this study, flow properties, mechanical properties, and water absorption properties of the compounds of cellulose microfiber/polypropylene (PP) and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were investigated to understand effects of the high cellulose content and the dimensions of the cellulose microfiber. The molding processes studied included compression, injection, and extrusion. It was found that fluidity is not only dependent on resin content but also on the dimension of the filler; fluidity of the compound declined with increased fiber length with the same resin content. Dispersion of the composite was monitored by charge-coupled device (CCD) microscope. Increasing the plastic content in the cellulose-plastic formulation improved the strength of mold in addition to the bond development between resin and filler, and the tangle of fibers. The processing mode affected the physicomechanical properties of the cellulosic plastic. Compression-molded samples exhibited the lowest modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the highest water absorption, while samples that were injection-molded exhibited the highest MOR (70 MPa) and MOE (7 GPa) and low water absorption (2%).  相似文献   

Locating and identifying sound knots and dead knots on sugi by the rule-based color vision system     

Chuanshuang?Hu  Chiaki?TanakaEmail author  Tadashi?Ohtani 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(2):115-122

Knowledge of the occurrence of sound and dead knots on the surface of sugi is important for the classification and application of the material. This study examined a color vision system for detecting sound and dead knots on sugi. The system can be conceptually divided into three components: a CCD-camera scanning system, an image-segmenting module, and a rule-based defect identifying module. The results showed that the potential defect regions could be located by Otsus threshold algorithm in conjunction with t-test analysis. The accuracies of locating sound knots and dead knots were 92.6% and 97.1%, respectively. The rule-based approach was used to identify sound and dead knots and the identifying accuracies for sound knots and dead knots were 92.0% and 94.1%, respectively. The overall detection accuracy of the system was 87.6%. The results indicated that the rule-based color vision system is an efficient means of detecting sound knots and dead knots on sugi.  相似文献