The pharmacological effects of the anesthetic alfaxalone after intramuscular administration to dogs     

Jun TAMURA  Tomohito ISHIZUKA  Sho FUKUI  Norihiko OYAMA  Kodai KAWASE  Kenjiro MIYOSHI  Tadashi SANO  Kirby PASLOSKE  Kazuto YAMASHITA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(3):289-296

The pharmacological effects of the anesthetic alfaxalone were evaluated after intramuscular (IM) administration to 6 healthy beagle dogs. The dogs received three IM doses each of alfaxalone at increasing dose rates of 5 mg/kg (IM5), 7.5 mg/kg (IM7.5) and 10 mg/kg (IM10) every other day. Anesthetic effect was subjectively evaluated by using an ordinal scoring system to determine the degree of neuro-depression and the quality of anesthetic induction and recovery from anesthesia. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured using noninvasive methods. Alfaxalone administered IM produced dose-dependent neuro-depression and lateral recumbency (i.e., 36 ± 28 min, 87 ± 26 min and 115 ± 29 min after the IM5, IM7.5 and IM10 treatments, respectively). The endotracheal tube was tolerated in all dogs for 46 ± 20 and 58 ± 21 min after the IM7.5 and IM10 treatments, respectively. It was not possible to place endotracheal tubes in 5 of the 6 dogs after the IM5 treatment. Most cardiorespiratory variables remained within clinically acceptable ranges, but hypoxemia was observed by pulse oximetry for 5 to 10 min in 2 dogs receiving the IM10 treatment. Dose-dependent decreases in rectal temperature, respiratory rate and arterial blood pressure also occurred. The quality of recovery was considered satisfactory in all dogs receiving each treatment; all the dog exhibited transient muscular tremors and staggering gait. In conclusion, IM alfaxalone produced a dose-dependent anesthetic effect with relatively mild cardiorespiratory depression in dogs. However, hypoxemia may occur at higher IM doses of alfaxalone.  相似文献   

Central venous blood gas and acid-base status in conscious dogs and cats     

Jun TAMURA  Takaharu ITAMI  Tomohito ISHIZUKA  Sho FUKUI  Kenjirou MIYOSHI  Tadashi SANO  Kazuto YAMASHITA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(7):865-869

To determine the reference level of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂) and clinical efficacy of central venous blood gas analysis, partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, pH, oxygen saturation, base excess (B.E.) and HCO₃ concentration were compared between simultaneously obtained central venous and arterial blood samples from conscious healthy 6 dogs and 5 cats. Comparisons between arteriovenous samples were performed by a paired t-test and Bland-Altman analysis. Between arteriovenous samples, B.E. showed good agreement, but there were significant differences in other parameters in the dogs, and no good agreement was detected in cats. The ScvO₂ in dogs and cats were 82.3 ± 3.5 and 62.4 ± 13.5%, respectively. Central venous blood gas analysis is indispensable, especially in cats.  相似文献   

Na?ve-like conversion enhances the difference in innate in vitro differentiation capacity between rabbit ES cells and iPS cells     

Kimiko HONSHO  Michiko HIROSE  Masanori HATORI  Lubna YASMIN  Haruna IZU  Shogo MATOBA  Sumie TOGAYACHI  Hiroyuki MIYOSHI  Tadashi SANKAI  Atsuo OGURA  Arata HONDA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(1):13-19

Quality evaluation of pluripotent stem cells using appropriate animal models needs to be improved for human regenerative medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that although the in vitro neural differentiating capacity of rabbit induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be mitigated by improving their baseline level of pluripotency, i.e., by converting them into the so-called “naïve-like” state, the effect after such conversion of rabbit embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains to be elucidated. Here we found that naïve-like conversion enhanced the differences in innate in vitro differentiation capacity between ESCs and iPSCs. Naïve-like rabbit ESCs exhibited several features indicating pluripotency, including the capacity for teratoma formation. They differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes much more effectively (3.3–7.2 times) than naïve-like iPSCs. This suggests an inherent variation in differentiation potential in vitro among PSC lines. When naïve-like ESCs were injected into preimplantation rabbit embryos, although they contributed efficiently to forming the inner cell mass of blastocysts, no chimeric pups were obtained. Thus, in vitro neural differentiation following naïve-like conversion is a promising option for determining the quality of PSCs without the need to demonstrate chimeric contribution. These results provide an opportunity to evaluate which pluripotent stem cells or treatments are best suited for therapeutic use.  相似文献   

Antioxidant constituents in distillation residue of Awamori spirits     

Takaya Y  Furukawa T  Miura S  Akutagawa T  Hotta Y  Ishikawa N  Niwa M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(1):75-79

Constituents in a distillation residue of Awamori (millet spirits) and their antioxidant activity are investigated in this study. The supernatant of the distillation residue obtained by centrifugation was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol against water to afford the corresponding solubles. Among them, n-hexane and chloroform solubles showed higher antioxidant potency than l-ascorbic acid by the bleomycin-Fe method. In chloroform solubles, seven cyclic dipeptides were identified along with ethyl 2-pyrrolidione-5-carboxylate, tyrosol, and ethyl p-hydoroxyphenyllactate. Antioxidant activity of ethyl p-hydoroxyphenyllactate was 4.2 times that of l-ascorbic acid, whereas cyclic dipeptides showed activity 0.89-1.29 times as strong as that of l-ascorbic acid. On the other hand, scavenging effect of cyclic dipeptides against O(2)(-.) and OH(.) by using electron spin resonance was also investigated. In the results, cyclo(l-Ile-l-Pro) showed significantly strong inhibitory effect against OH(.) (95.4% at 2.5 x 10-3 M) and cyclo(l-Phe-l-Pro), cyclo(l-Pro-l-Val), and cyclo(l-Leu-l-Pro) inhibited OH(.) 64.9, 54.1, and 51.0%, respectively, whereas alpha-tocopherol showed 37.7% inhibition, though only a few cyclic dipeptides weakly inhibited O(2)(-.).  相似文献   

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect an immunomodulatory alpha-D-glucan-protein complex, MPG-1, in basidiomycete Tricholoma matsutake and related processed foods     

Hoshi H  Yagi Y  Matsunaga K  Ishihara Y  Yasuhara T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(21):8508-8515

We previously isolated a novel immunomodulatory alpha-(1,4)(1,6)(1,2)- d-glucan-protein complex (MPG-1) from mycelia of Tricholoma matsutake in basidiomycetes. In the present study, we raised a polyclonal antibody by immunizing rabbits with MPG-1 and constructed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system to examine the distribution of MPG-1 among edible mushrooms and related processed foods. The system detected MPG-1 quantitatively at concentrations of more than 10 ng/mL, with a coefficient of variation of less than 10% by intra-assay and interassay precision. Analysis with the system of chemically modified MPG-1 suggested that the sugar moiety was mainly involved in the detection. The system detected MPG-1 in the extracts of the fruiting bodies of T. matsutake but not in those of 34 other basidiomycete species. Moreover, a significant amount of MPG-1 was detected in the extracts of their cultured mycelia. The antigenic structure of MPG-1 was relatively stable in terms of pH and temperature. MPG-1 was detected in processed foods supplemented with T. matsutake. These results suggest that MPG-1 is distributed predominantly in T. matsutake species and that the ELISA system can detect it in processed foods supplemented with T. matsutake.  相似文献   

Individual-level analysis of damage to residual trees after single-tree selection harvesting in northern Japanese mixedwood stands     

Shinichi Tatsumi  Toshiaki Owari  Hisatomi Kasahara  Yuji Nakagawa 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(4):369-378

Quantifying tree damage and mortality caused by single-tree selection harvesting is critical to understanding postharvest forest dynamics and management. In this study, we quantified the effects of tree size and species and the distance from residual trees to felled trees and skid trails on damage to residual trees and mortality in mixed coniferous–broadleaved stands of Hokkaido, northern Japan. Among the 4,961 trees that we studied, 373 (7.5 %) were damaged, and 148 of these trees (3.0 %) died during or immediately after logging. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling showed that the risk of damage to residual trees increased with increasing size of the felled trees and with increasing proximity to felled trees and skid trails. Smaller residual trees had the greatest risk of damage. Species differed in their susceptibility to damage; Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters and Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carr. were the most susceptible species in our sample plots. Smaller damaged trees had the highest risk of mortality. The damaged trees that did not die at the time of logging had a higher risk of postharvest mortality than undamaged trees. Our results indicate that, to minimize logging-induced damage and mortality: (1) the spatial arrangement of skid trails should be optimized and fixed, (2) the risk of skidding damage should be considered before marking the trees to be harvested and choosing the felling direction, and (3) logging operators should be instructed to avoid damaging small trees, especially those of the species that are most susceptible to damage.  相似文献   

Effects of cortisol and angiotensin II on the number and size of juxtaglomerular cells in masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou     

S. Mizuno  N. Misaka  N. Kasahara 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,25(3):249-254

The authors previously reported that the number and size of juxtaglomerular cells (JGCs) in the kidney increased during smoltification in masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou. In the present study, the effects of cortisol and/or angiotensin (Ang) II ([Asn¹, Val⁵]-Ang II) on the JGC number and size in masu salmon were examined to elucidate hormonal regulation of the changes in the JGC number and size during smoltification. These hormones were injected intraperitoneally every 2 days for a total of 6 injections. There was a significant increase in the JGC number and size with time following the start of the experiment in cortisol- and cortisol + Ang II-treated groups and no significant change in control and Ang II-treated groups. On both days 5 and 11, the JGC number and size in the cortisol-treated group were significantly large compared to those of control and Ang II-treated groups, respectively. The JGC number and size in the cortisol + Ang II-treated group were significantly large compared to those of control on both days 5 and 11, and those of the Ang II-treated group only on day 11, respectively. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the JGC number and size between the Ang II-treated and control groups and between the cortisol- and cortisol + Ang II-treated groups during the experiment, respectively. The means of the JGC number and size in cortisol-treated group on day 11 were close to those previously reported in smolt. These results suggest that cortisol induces an increase in JGC number and size during smoltification in masu salmon. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Alleviation of rainbow trout egg softening caused by sodium hypochlorite as an antifungal agent     

Masaaki Kashiwagi  Tatsuya Kishihara  Tomonori Watanabe  Tadashi Inaba  Takaya Kato  Satoshi Ikushima  Chutima Khomvilai  Motoi Yoshioka 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(1):211-213

  相似文献   

Sparing Effect of Robenacoxib on the Minimum Alveolar Concentration for Blunting Adrenergic Response (MAC-BAR) of Sevoflurane in Dogs     

Jun TAMURA  Takaharu ITAMI  Tomohito ISHIZUKA  Sho FUKUI  Norihiko OOYAMA  Kenjiro MIYOSHI  Tadashi SANO  Kazuto YAMASHITA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(1):113-117

  相似文献   

Changes in density of under-yearling masu salmon <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus masou</Emphasis> in a natural stream after release     

Naoyuki Misaka  Shinya Mizuno  Tatsuya Koyama  Noboru Kasahara 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(6):1274-1280

ABSTRACT:   The relation between the density of fish and parameters such as body weight, condition factor and the hepatic triglyceride (TG) content of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou juveniles after release into a natural stream were studied. Hatchery-reared juveniles of different sizes and numbers were released in May 1999, 2000 and 2001, and investigations were carried out from July to September each year. The density of fish was relatively high in 1999, when juveniles of the largest size and number were released, but then continued to decrease during the investigation. The hepatic TG content remained considerably low in 1999, and there was a significant negative correlation between the density of fish and the hepatic TG content of the juveniles caught over three years. The initial fish size and number at release as well as the nutritional condition of the juveniles may affect the density of fish after release.  相似文献