Killing of feline T-lymphocytes by gamma-rays and energetic carbon ions     

Kakizaki T  Hamada N  Funayama T  Sakashita T  Wada S  Hohdatsu T  Natsuhori M  Sano T  Kobayashi Y  Ito N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(12):1269-1273

High linear energy transfer (LET) heavy charged particles have previously been applied clinically to human cancer radiotherapy because of their excellent physical properties of selective dose distribution and higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for human; however, such an approach has yet to be applied to cat patients. The present study investigates the biological effectiveness of low-LET gamma-rays (0.2 keV/micro m) compared to high-LET carbon ions (114 keV/micro m) in feline T- lymphocyte FeT-J cells. Clonogenic survival analysis revealed that the RBE value of carbon ions was 2.98 relative to a 10% survival dose (D(10)) by gamma-rays, and that the inactivation cross-section in cells exposed to gamma-rays and carbon ions was 0.023 and 38.9 micro m(2), respectively. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis revealed that TUNEL-positive frequency in carbon-irradiation cells is higher than for gamma-irradiated cells against exposure to the same physical doses, but that very little difference in TUNEL-positive frequency is observed between cells exposed to the respective D(10) dose of gamma-rays. Our data thus indicate that carbon ions are more effective for cell killing than gamma-rays at the same physical doses, but kill cells to an extent that is comparable to gamma-rays at the same biological doses. Carbon ion radiotherapy is therefore a promising modality for cat patients.  相似文献   

A critical role for the innate immune signaling molecule IRAK-4 in T cell activation     

Suzuki N  Suzuki S  Millar DG  Unno M  Hara H  Calzascia T  Yamasaki S  Yokosuka T  Chen NJ  Elford AR  Suzuki J  Takeuchi A  Mirtsos C  Bouchard D  Ohashi PS  Yeh WC  Saito T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5769):1927-1932

IRAK-4 is a protein kinase that is pivotal in mediating signals for innate immune responses. Here, we report that IRAK-4 signaling is also essential for eliciting adaptive immune responses. Thus, in the absence of IRAK-4, in vivo T cell responses were significantly impaired. Upon T cell receptor stimulation, IRAK-4 is recruited to T cell lipid rafts, where it induces downstream signals, including protein kinase C activation through the association with Zap70. This signaling pathway was found to be required for optimal activation of nuclear factor kappaB. Our findings suggest that T cells use this critical regulator of innate immunity for the development of acquired immunity, suggesting that IRAK-4 may be involved in direct signal cross talk between the two systems.  相似文献   

Anisotropy and corotation of galactic cosmic rays     

Amenomori M  Ayabe S  Bi XJ  Chen D  Cui SW  Danzengluobu  Ding LK  Ding XH  Feng CF  Feng Z  Feng ZY  Gao XY  Geng QX  Guo HW  He HH  He M  Hibino K  Hotta N  Hu H  Hu HB  Huang J  Huang Q  Jia HY  Kajino F  Kasahara K  Katayose Y  Kato C  Kawata K  Labaciren  Le GM  Li AF  Li JY  Lou YQ  Lu H  Lu SL  Meng XR  Mizutani K  Mu J  Munakata K  Nagai A  Nanjo H  Nishizawa M  Ohnishi M  Ohta I  Onuma H  Ouchi T  Ozawa S  Ren JR  Saito T  Saito TY  Sakata M  Sako TK  Sasaki T  Shibata M  Shiomi A  Shirai T  Sugimoto H  Takita M  Tan YH  Tateyama N  Torii S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5798):439-443

The intensity of Galactic cosmic rays is nearly isotropic because of the influence of magnetic fields in the Milky Way. Here, we present two-dimensional high-precision anisotropy measurement for energies from a few to several hundred teraelectronvolts (TeV), using the large data sample of the Tibet Air Shower Arrays. Besides revealing finer details of the known anisotropies, a new component of Galactic cosmic ray anisotropy in sidereal time is uncovered around the Cygnus region direction. For cosmic-ray energies up to a few hundred TeV, all components of anisotropies fade away, showing a corotation of Galactic cosmic rays with the local Galactic magnetic environment. These results have broad implications for a comprehensive understanding of cosmic rays, supernovae, magnetic fields, and heliospheric and Galactic dynamic environments.  相似文献   

Comparison of oral robenacoxib and ketoprofen for the treatment of acute pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal disorders in cats: A randomised clinical trial     

Sano T  King JN  Seewald W  Sakakibara N  Okumura M 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,193(2):397-403

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of robenacoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, for the treatment of acute pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal disorders in cats. The study was a prospective, multi-centre, randomised, blinded, non-inferiority design clinical trial comparing robenacoxib to ketoprofen. A total of 68 cats presenting with pain and inflammation associated with acute musculoskeletal disorders were recruited and allocated randomly to receive, orally once daily for 5-6days, either 1.0-2.4mg/kg robenacoxib (n=47) or 1mg/kg ketoprofen (n=21). The primary efficacy endpoint was the total clinician score, which was the sum of clinician numerical rating scale scores for pain, inflammation and mobility. Assessments were made at baseline, on day 2, and day 4 or 5. For the total clinician score, non-inferior efficacy of robenacoxib was demonstrated with a relative efficacy of 1.151 (95% confidence interval 0.872-1.494). Non-inferior efficacy of robenacoxib was also demonstrated for the secondary endpoint of the total owner score. Robenacoxib was superior (P<0.05) to ketoprofen for the owner's assessment of activity and human/animal relationship. The tolerability of both treatments was good as assessed by monitoring adverse events, clinical signs and haematology and serum biochemistry variables.  相似文献   

Analysis of preference for domestic grass‐fed beef in Japanese youths     

Ai ORIME  Tomohiro YONEZAWA  Hideki OGASAWARA  Tadashi KUROYANAGI  Tomiharu MANDA 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(3):268-271

A questionnaire based on sensory evaluation of completely domestic grass‐fed beef was carried out on 157 Japanese undergraduate students aged between 18 and 22 years in Kitasato University. The sensory evaluation sheet consisted of 10 questions concerning preference for domestic grass‐fed beef, and three demographic/lifestyle questions. Using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the respondents were divided into four groups (G1–G4). G1 accepted almost all properties. G2 accepted most properties but disliked chewiness. G3 accepted juiciness and flavor but disliked the color and texture of the meat. G4 tended to dislike almost all properties. According to chi‐square test, most G2‐people statistically liked other commercial beef and G4‐people had neutral and negative impressions. G1‐ or G3‐people did not have any significant tendency as regards beef preference. These results indicate that most of the young respondents who preferred domestic grass‐fed beef could not accept its texture, and some respondents could accept its juiciness and flavor. It is also suggested that a part of the people who like commercial beef do not prefer chewiness of grass‐fed beef. Such information will aid grass‐fed beef cattle breeders, producers and packers to improve the quality of beef and its evaluation.  相似文献   

Isolation and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from imported flamingos in Japan     

Maiko Sato  Ashraf M Ahmed  Ayako Noda  Hitoshi Watanabe  Yukio Fukumoto  Tadashi Shimamoto 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2009,51(1):46

Imported animals, especially those from developing countries, may constitute a potential hazard to native animals and to public health. In this study, a new flock of lesser flamingos imported from Tanzania to Hiroshima Zoological Park were screened for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes. Thirty-seven Gram-negative bacterial isolates were obtained from the flamingos. Seven isolates (18.9%) showed multidrug resistance phenotypes, the most common being against: ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and nalidixic acid. Molecular analyses identified class 1 and class 2 integrons, β-lactamase-encoding genes, bla_TEM-1 and bla_CTX-M-2 and the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, qnrS and qnrB. This study highlights the role of animal importation in the dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria, integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes from one country to another.  相似文献   

Purification and characterization of cathepsin S from hepatopancreas of carp Cyprinus carpio     

Henneke Pangkey  Keniji Hara  Katsuyasu Tachibana  Min-Jie Cao  Kiyoshi Osatomi and  Tadashi Ishihara 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(6):1130-1137

SUMMARY: Cathepsin S was purified from carp hepatopancreas to homogeneity up to 300-fold. The amino acid sequence of its NH₂-terminus was determined to be V-P-D-A-M-D-W-Y-N-K-G-Y-V-T-D-V-K-N-Q. On the contrary, that of purified cathepsin L from carp hepatopancreas was to be V-P-N-S-L-D-W-R-E-K-G. Purified cathepsin S consisted of a single chain with 37 kDa estimated by sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme had strong hydrolytic activity toward Z-Phe-Arg-MCA with the pH optimum of 7.0, but this lacked the ability to hydrolyze most of the other MCA substrates. The optimum pH of cathepsin S for protein substrate (carp myosin heavy chain) was also to be pH 7.0. These properties of purified cathepsin S obviously differ from cathepsins B and L. The enzyme activity was totally inhibited by E-64, leupeptin, 5–5'-dithiobis (2-nitro-benzoic acid) and p -tosyl-lys chloromethylketone as well.  相似文献   

Genotyping of Giardia intestinalis from domestic and wild animals in Japan using glutamete dehydrogenase gene sequencing     

Itagaki T  Kinoshita S  Aoki M  Itoh N  Saeki H  Sato N  Uetsuki J  Izumiyama S  Yagita K  Endo T 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,133(4):283-287

To determine the genotypes of Giardia intestinalis from domestic and wild animals in Japan, Giardia isolates obtained from feces of 24 dogs kept in households and breeding kennels, three companion cats, five dairy calves and three wild monkeys, Macaca fuscata, were genotyped using the 177 bp sequence of the glutamete dehydrogenase gene (gdh). The genotypes were assemblages A, C, D or A/D for dog isolates, Assemblage F for cat isolates, assemblages A or E for calf isolates and assemblage B for monkey isolates. This is the first report on the genotypes of Giardia isolates from cats, calves and wild monkeys in Japan.  相似文献   

Induction of immune responses against glycosphingolipid antigens: comparison of antibody responses in mice immunized with antigen associated with liposomes prepared from various phospholipids     

Uemura A  Watarai S  Iwasaki T  Kodama H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(12):1197-1201

The immune responses of mice against glycosphingolipid (GSL) antigens and the effect of the phospholipid composition of liposomes on the immunogenicity in mice of liposome-associated GSL antigens were examined. The immunization with GSL antigen alone was unable to induce any detectable anti-GSL antibody responses. On the other hand, the immune responses against GSL antigens were detected after immunization with liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) (0.5 micromol), cholesterol (Chol) (0.5 micromol), Salmonella minnesota R595 lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (10 microg) and GSL (0.05 micromol) (DPPC-liposome). However, the administration with liposome composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) (0.5 micromol), Chol (0.5 micromol), S. minnesota R595 LPS (10 microg) and GSL (0.05 micromol) and with liposomes composed of distearylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) (0.5 micromol), Chol (0.5 micromol), and S. minnesota R595 LPS (10 microg) and GSL (0.05 micromol) was ineffective for the induction of the immune responses against GSL antigens. These results suggest that DPPC-liposome would serve effectively as a delivery vehicle for inducing immune responses against GSL antigen.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of parthenogenic Fasciola sp. in Korea on the basis of DNA sequences of ribosomal ITS1 and mitochondrial NDI gene     

Itagaki T  Kikawa M  Terasaki K  Shibahara T  Fukuda K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(11):1115-1118

Nucleotide sequences of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase I (NDI) gene were analyzed to genetically characterize aspermic Fasciola forms in Korea. From the difference in ITS1 sequences, Korean flukes were divided into 3 haplotypes represented by Kor1, Kor2 and Kor1/2, which had nucleotides identical to F. hepatica, F. gigantica and those overlapped between the two species, respectively. NDI sequences also showed that Korean flukes could be classified into 3 distinct haplotypes (Kor1: F. hepatica-type, Kor2a and Kor2b: F. gigantica-type). The sequences of Kor1 and Kor2a were 100% identical to those of the haplotypes Fsp1and Fsp2, respectively, which are major Fasciola forms in Japan. These findings strongly suggest that aspermic Fasciola forms in Korea and Japan originated from same ancestors and have recently spread throughout both countries.  相似文献