Low mitochondrial DNA diversity of Japanese Polled and Kuchinoshima feral cattle          下载免费PDF全文

Hideyuki Mannen  Riku Yonesaka  Aoi Noda  Takeshi Shimogiri  Ichiro Oshima  Kiyomi Katahira  Misao Kanemaki  Tetsuo Kunieda  Yousuke Inayoshi  Fumio Mukai  Shinji Sasazaki 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(5):739-744

This study aims to estimate the mitochondrial genetic diversity and structure of Japanese Polled and Kuchinoshima feral cattle, which are maintained in small populations. We determined the mitochondrial DMA (mtDNA) displacement loop (D‐loop) sequences for both cattle populations and analyzed these in conjunction with previously published data from Northeast Asian cattle populations. Our findings showed that Japanese native cattle have a predominant, Asian‐specific mtDNA haplogroup T4 with high frequencies (0.43–0.81). This excluded Kuchinoshima cattle (32 animals), which had only one mtDNA haplotype belonging to the haplogroup T3. Japanese Polled showed relatively lower mtDNA diversity in the average sequence divergence (0.0020) than other Wagyu breeds (0.0036–0.0047). Japanese Polled have been maintained in a limited area of Yamaguchi, and the population size is now less than 200. Therefore, low mtDNA diversity in the Japanese Polled could be explained by the decreasing population size in the last three decades. We found low mtDNA diversity in both Japanese Polled and Kuchinoshima cattle. The genetic information obtained in this study will be useful for maintaining these populations and for understanding the origin of Japanese native cattle.  相似文献   

Markers to differentiate species of anthracnose fungi identify <Emphasis Type="Italic">Colletotrichum fructicola</Emphasis> as the predominant virulent species in strawberry plants in Chiba Prefecture of Japan     

Pamela Gan  Nanako Nakata  Takeshi Suzuki  Ken Shirasu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(1):14-22

Colletotrichum fungi belonging to the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex include a number of economically important postharvest pathogens that often cause anthracnose. Until now, different species within this group could only be distinguished from one another reliably using multigenic phylogenetic analyses. Using a comparative genomics approach, we developed a marker that can differentiate Colletotrichum fructicola, Colletotrichum aenigma and Colletotrichum siamense within the C. gloeosporioides species complex based on PCR amplicon size differences. When we used this marker to classify 115 isolates collected over 20 years from strawberries in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, the isolates were predominantly C. fructicola. To our knowledge, this is the first report characterizing different species of Colletotrichum infecting strawberries in Japan and contributes to our understanding on the diversity of anthracnose pathogens in Japan.  相似文献   

First report of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizoctonia</Emphasis> disease of lily caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizoctonia solani</Emphasis> AG-11 in Japan     

Tomoo?MisawaEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Miyuki?Kayamori  Daisuke?Kurose  Jun?Sasaki  Takeshi?Toda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(6):406-409

Blight on leaves, stems and bulbs of lilies grown in a greenhouse were found in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2012. Two isolates obtained from the lesions were identified as Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-11 based on morphology and molecular analysis. Original symptoms were reproduced after artificial inoculation with the isolates. Except for R. solani AG-2-1 and AG-4 HG-I, none of the AGs have been reported as pathogens causing lily Rhizoctonia disease in Japan; therefore, we propose adding AG-11 as a pathogen of the disease. More importantly, we report the first appearance of crop disease caused by AG-11 in Japan.  相似文献   

Characterization of Japanese <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizoctonia solani</Emphasis> AG-2-1 isolates using rDNA-ITS sequences,culture morphology,and growth temperature     

Tomoo Misawa  Daisuke Kurose  Manami Mori  Takeshi Toda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(6):387-394

Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-1 is classified into three subsets (Subsets 1–3) based on the rDNA-ITS sequence. Few Japanese isolates, however, have been phylogenetically analyzed. To understand the distribution and diversification of AG-2-1 isolates in Japan, we examined 23 Japanese AG-2-1 isolates (15 from Hokkaido, the northernmost island, and eight from NARO Genebank) in terms of rDNA-ITS sequences, culture morphology, and temperature-dependent growth characteristics. Of these, 15 isolates were found to belong to Subset 1. One isolate, which formed a light brown colony with concentric rings and grew slowly at 25 °C, was classified into Subset 2. Six isolates had varied culture morphology and relatively faster growth than Subset 1 isolates at 30 °C. They formed a clade on the phylogenetic tree, designated clade HK, with cauliflower isolates from Belgium and the Netherlands, with a bootstrap value of 47%, and were separate from the three known subsets. Sequence similarity in the rDNA-ITS region for this clade ranged from 98.2 to 100%, whereas clade HK isolates had 96.7–98.6% similarity with the isolates in each subset. This result suggests that clade HK is likely an independent intragroup within AG-2-1, although the rDNA-ITS sequences in this clade were variable. One isolate was not assignable to any clade because it was intermediate between isolates in clade HK and Subset 2. This is the first report describing variation among rDNA-ITS sequences of Japanese AG-2-1 isolates.  相似文献   

Identifying the factors that affect the willingness of pig farmers to participate in the electronic prescription system     

Kyoko FUJIMOTO  Yuko ENDO  Takashi YOKOYAMA  Hiroaki SUGINO  Takeshi SATO  Takeshi HAGA  Nozomi KAWAMURA  Katsuaki SUGIURA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(6):747

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波流作用下网格锚泊的单个重力式网箱缆绳张力   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

黄六一  梁振林  万荣  木下健  赵芬芳  宋伟华 《中国水产科学》2011,18(3):636-649

以中国沿海常用的周长40 m×10 m的HDPE重力式网箱作为研究对象,采用渔具模型试验狄克生准则,选用大比例尺(λ=1/10)和小比例尺(λ′＝ 1/2)设计制作模型网箱.网箱锚泊系统采用的网格形式与实际使用的一致.模型试验于日本东京大学生产技术研究所海洋环境工程实验室风浪流水槽[50 m(L)×10 m(W)×5 ...  相似文献   

Effects of Environmental Temperature on Structure and Gelatinization Properties of Wheat Starch     

Junko Matsuki  Takeshi Yasui  Kaoru Kohyama  Tomoko Sasaki 《Cereal Chemistry》2003,80(4):476-480

The effects of environmental temperature on gelatinization properties and amylopectin structures of wheat endosperm starch were examined by isolating starches from four wheat cultivars matured in growth chambers at daytime temperatures of 15, 20, 25, or 30°C. Kernel weight and starch content per kernel were reduced by high maturation temperature. Amylose content showed no significant change at high maturation temperature in some cultivars; in other cultivars, there was a slight increase. Principal component analysis of data on relative peak areas of debranched amylopectin showed that amylopectin from wheat grown at a lower temperature had a greater proportion of shorter chains. Amylopectin branch chains were classified into three groups based on the correlation coefficients between the data of branch chain length distribution and principal component scores, degree of polymerization (DP) of 6–12, DP 13–34, and DP ≥ 35. The gelatinization temperature of starches increased markedly at a higher maturation temperature, with increases exceeding 10°C at high maturation temperatures. Gelatinization properties correlated significantly with amylopectin chain length distribution.  相似文献   

Study of Internal Structure of Waxy Wheat Starch Granules by KI/I2 Solution     

Masaharu Seguchi  Takeshi Yasui  Kazuko Hosomi  Tooru Imai 《Cereal Chemistry》2000,77(3):339-342

Wheat starch granules were separated from waxy wheat flour by the acetic acid (pH 3.5) fractionation technique. Waxy wheat starch samples were stained red‐brown using KI/I₂ solution. Subsequently, the concentration of the KI/I₂ solution was increased to >2.5% KI and 1.0% I₂. Then the appearance of the waxy wheat starch granules quickly became ghostlike. The internal structure of the ghost could be observed. This structure consisted of two parts with different colors: a red‐brown central part and a slightly pinkish surrounding part. Sonication of the ghost at 20 kHz for 20 sec separated the central part from the surrounding part. Each of the separated parts were subjected to gel‐filtration chromatography, and their chromatography profiles indicated only amylopectin and no amylose. The central and surrounding parts had molecular weights of 54.3 × 10⁵ and 23.8 × 10⁶ from Berry plots, respectively.  相似文献