Proposal for field sampling of plants and processing in the lab for environmental metabolic fingerprinting     

Tanja S Maier  Jürgen Kuhn  Caroline Müller 《Plant methods》2010,6(1):6

Background  

Samples for plant metabolic fingerprinting are prepared generally by metabolism quenching, grinding of plant material and extraction of metabolites in solvents. Further concentration and derivatisation steps follow in dependence of the sample nature and the available analytical platform. For plant material sampled in the field, several methods are not applicable, such as, e.g., collection in liquid nitrogen. Therefore, a protocol was established for sample pre-treatment, grinding, extraction and storage, which can be used for analysis of field-collected plant material, which is further processed in the laboratory. Ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata L., Plantaginaceae) was used as model plant. The quality criteria for method suitability were high reproducibility, extraction efficiency and handling comfort of each subsequent processing step.  相似文献   

Identification and apoptotic potential of T-2 toxin metabolites in human cells     

Weidner M  Welsch T  Hübner F  Schwerdt G  Gekle M  Humpf HU 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(22):5676-5684

The mycotoxin T-2 toxin, produced by various Fusarium species, is a widespread contaminant of grain and grain products. Knowledge about its toxicity and metabolism in the human body is crucial for any risk assessment as T-2 toxin can be detected in processed and unprocessed food samples. Cell culture studies using cells of human origin represent a potent model system to study the metabolic fate of T-2 toxin as well as the cytotoxicity in vitro. In this study the metabolism of T-2 toxin was analyzed in a cell line derived from human colon carcinoma cells (HT-29) and primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Fourier transformation mass spectrometry (HPLC-FTMS). Both cell types metabolized T-2 toxin to a variety of compounds. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis in RPTEC proved the apoptotic effect of T-2 toxin and its metabolites HT-2 toxin and neosolaniol in micromolar concentrations.  相似文献   

Comparison of Insulin Sensitivity of Horses Adapted to Different Exercise Intensities     

Silvia P. Turner  Tanja Maria Hess  Kibby Treiber  Erica B. Mello  Bruno G. Souza  Fernando Q. Almeida 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2011,31(11):645-649

Diets high in concentrates and soluble carbohydrates are associated with reduced insulin sensitivity in horses. Exercise training could protect against diet-induced insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the intensity of exercise training required to affect insulin sensitivity in stabled horses fed a diet high in concentrates but moderate in soluble carbohydrates. In all, 31 stabled horses underwent three different exercise regimens: turnout, light exercise, and moderate exercise, while being fed a diet containing 60% concentrate. Blood was sampled monthly and analyzed for insulin. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using basal insulin concentrations and calculated insulin sensitivity (reciprocal of the square root of insulin) and compared across months by analysis of variance with repeated measures. Insulin sensitivity (reciprocal of the square root of insulin) was higher during periods of moderate and light physical activity as compared with turnout. These results indicate that turnout alone may not be adequate to improve insulin sensitivity in horses fed high amounts of concentrate.  相似文献   

Cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression profiles in tracheobronchial lymph nodes from pigs singularly infected or coinfected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHYO)     

Zhang H  Lunney JK  Baker RB  Opriessnig T 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,140(1-2):152-158

The objective of this study was to determine cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression profiles in tracheobronchial lymph nodes from pigs singularly infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHYO), or coinfected with both. Twenty-eight pigs were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) negative controls (NEG), (2) inoculated with MHYO (IMHYO), (3) inoculated with MHYO and PCV2 (CoI), and (4) inoculated with PCV2 (IPCV2). MHYO infection significantly (P<0.05) stimulated innate cytokines, IL1B and IL8. PCV2 infection significantly stimulated expression of IFNG, IL8, NOS2A and chemokines CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10. IFNB, IL1B and IL12 were slightly increased with PCV2 infection and IFNA and IL4 were significantly downregulated. Compared to NEG pigs, coinfection resulted in a significant increase in expression of IFNG, IL1B, IL8, CCL5, CXCL10, and weak stimulation of IFNB, IL6 and IL10; IL13 and IFNA were significantly downregulated. Overall MHYO potentiated PCV2 infection by increasing IFNG and IL10 mRNA expression levels. The increase of IFNG and chemokines and decrease of IFNA in IPCV2 and CoI pigs were correlated with increased severity of lymphoid lesions and the presence of PCV2 antigen. In summary, this work provided evidence that the increased severity of lesions in PCV2 and MHYO coinfected pigs was associated mainly with the presence of PCV2 antigen and alterations of cytokine mRNA expression profiles.  相似文献   

Locking compression plate osteosynthesis of sacral fractures in three heifers     

Schmid TC  Kummer MR  Hagen RU  Auer JA  Nuss KA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2011,40(3):374-378

Objective: To describe a technique used for reduction and internal fixation of sacral fractures in cattle. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Three heifers aged 19–32 months with deformation of the tail head and tail paralysis attributable to a closed fracture of S5 or S4 and S5. Methods: Fractures were reduced and repaired under general anesthesia. A narrow, 6–10‐hole, locking compression plate (LCP) was placed on the spinous processes of S5 and the first coccygeal (Co1) using 5.0 mm locking head screws. Follow‐up inquiries were made by telephone (3/3), and cows were examined clinically and radiographically 2 (1 cow) to 9 (1cow) months postoperatively. Results: No complications were encountered. The range of movement of the tail improved so that soiling of the tail during defecation was no longer a problem. In all heifers, the normal top line was restored and there was no narrowing of the pelvic canal. Unassisted calving occurred in all heifers, and follow‐up radiographs for 2 cows showed complete fracture healing. Conclusion: LCP‐osteosynthesis of the spinous processes provided sufficient stability for internal fixation of sacral fractures. Marked improvement in tail function occurred postoperatively without decompression by laminectomy.  相似文献   

Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. narcissi on poet’s daffodil (Narcissus poeticus L.) in Serbia     

Vasić  Tanja  Jevremović  Darko  Krnjaja  Vesna  Živković  Sanja  Trkulja  Vojislav 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(5):1357-1361

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In autumn 2018, daffodil (narcissus) plants with basal bulb rot were noticed in a plantation in locality Jasika, Serbia. Morphological characterization...  相似文献   

The occurrence and distribution of potato cyst nematodes in Croatia     

Dinka Grubišić  Ljerka Oštrec  Tanja Gotlin Čuljak  Sylvia Blümel 《Journal of pest science》2007,80(1):21-27

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behrens, 1975 and Globodera pallida (Stone, 1973) Behrens, 1975 are the most troublesome pests of potatoes worldwide. Since 1968 there have been no investigations of the presence of PCN in ware potato lands in Croatia although these pests were recognised as an A1 plant-health quarantine species. After the first discovery of G. rostochiensis in the locality of Belica (Medjimurska County) in 2001, intensive monitoring of the distribution of PCN in Croatia started. In 2001 G. rostochiensis was detected in 55% of soil samples taken in ware potato lands. In 2002 G. rostochiensis was detected in 4.1% of soil samples and in 0.08% of soil samples in mixed populations with G. pallida. The pathotype Ro1 was found in all tested populations and Ro1 and Pa 2/3 were detected in populations from localities Vidovec, Ivanovec and Sivice. In 2003 G. rostochiensis was detected in 1.03% of soil samples, and also in 12.8% of soil samples collected in 2004. In 2003 cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected in several seed potato fields. These results indicate the urgent need for the application of further control measures to determine the presence and distribution of PCN in ware and seed potato lands in Croatia, in order to prevent the spread of PCN to non-infested areas. Integrated management strategies, neglected until 2001, have now been implemented and will prevent the build-up of infestation and replace the previous practices of monoculture, the use of short rotations and growing susceptible cultivars.  相似文献   

Conformational switches modulate protein interactions in peptide antibiotic synthetases     

Koglin A  Mofid MR  Löhr F  Schäfer B  Rogov VV  Blum MM  Mittag T  Marahiel MA  Bernhard F  Dötsch V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5771):273-276

Protein dynamics plays an important role in protein function. Many functionally important motions occur on the microsecond and low millisecond time scale and can be characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation experiments. We describe the different states of a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) that play a crucial role in its function as a peptide shuttle in the nonribosomal peptide synthetases of the tyrocidine A system. Both apo-PCP (without the bound 4'-phosphopantetheine cofactor) and holo-PCP exist in two different stable conformations. We show that one of the apo conformations and one of the holo conformations are identical, whereas the two remaining conformations are only detectable by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in either the apo or holo form. We further demonstrate that this conformational diversity is an essential prerequisite for the directed movement of the 4'-PP cofactor and its interaction with externally acting proteins such as thioesterases and 4'-PP transferase.  相似文献   

Cost-benefit tradeoffs in engineered lac operons     

Eames M  Kortemme T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6083):911-915

Cells must balance the cost and benefit of protein expression to optimize organismal fitness. The lac operon of the bacterium Escherichia coli has been a model for quantifying the physiological impact of costly protein production and for elucidating the resulting regulatory mechanisms. We report quantitative fitness measurements in 27 redesigned operons that suggested that protein production is not the primary origin of fitness costs. Instead, we discovered that the lac permease activity, which relates linearly to cost, is the major physiological burden to the cell. These findings explain control points in the lac operon that minimize the cost of lac permease activity, not protein expression. Characterizing similar relationships in other systems will be important to map the impact of cost/benefit tradeoffs on cell physiology and regulation.  相似文献   

Clinical Course of Acute Canine Polyradiculoneuritis Following Treatment with Human IV Immunoglobulin     

K Hirschvogel  K Jurina  TA Steinberg  LA Matiasek  K Matiasek  E Beltrán  A Fischer 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2012,48(5):299-309

Treatment of dogs with acute canine polyradiculoneuritis (ACP) is restricted to physical rehabilitation and supportive care. In humans with Guillain-Barré syndrome, the counterpart of ACP, randomized trials show that IV immunoglobulin (IVIg) speeds recovery. The authors of the current study hypothesized that dogs with ACP would tolerate IVIg well and recover faster than dogs managed with supportive treatment only. Sixteen client-owned dogs with ACP were treated with IVIg, and 14 client-owned dogs served as a retrospective control group. Diagnosis was confirmed using clinical features, electrodiagnostics, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and muscle/nerve biopsies. The duration of the initial progressive phase, the time from IVIg administration until the dogs were ambulating without assistance, and the duration of the complete episode were evaluated. Adverse reactions (anaphylaxis, mild hematuria) were observed in two dogs. Dogs treated with IVIg were ambulating without assistance after a median of 27.5 days (range, 15-127 days) from onset of clinical signs. The control group was ambulatory without assistance at a median of 75.5 days (range, 5-220 days). Even though this result is not statistically significant, there is a clear trend toward faster recovery in dogs treated with IVIg.  相似文献