Age validation,growth and annual reproductive cycle of chub mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scomber japonicus</Emphasis> off the waters of northern Kyushu and in the East China Sea     

Tetsuro Shiraishi  Kumiko Okamoto  Michio Yoneda  Takeshi Sakai  Seiji Ohshimo  Shizumasa Onoe  Akihiko Yamaguchi  Michiya Matsuyama 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):947-954

The age and growth of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus collected from the East China Sea and the northern waters off Kyushu between June 2000 and June 2001 were determined by observing the otolith surface after dipping it in xylene. The translucent and opaque zones on the otolith surface were identified, and the number of translucent zones was counted. Monthly changes in the frequency of fish with translucent zones on the otolith margin, and in the marginal increments, indicated that the translucent zones were formed between April and June. The seasonal pattern of annulus formation on the otolith became clear by observing the otoliths of fish with known ages, and the otolith formation in wild fish was consistent with that of fish with known ages. The mean gonadosomatic index of male and female fish was high from March to May, and spawning females were observed from mid-March to mid-May. The estimated ages were 1–5 years for males and 1–6 years for females. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters did not significantly differ between male and female. The model was obtained as FL _t=406×{1−exp[−0.372×(t+1.68)]  相似文献   

Age, growth, and reproductive characteristics of dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus in the waters off west Kyushu, northern East China Sea     

Seishiro Furukawa  Seiji Ohshimo  Seitaro Tomoe  Tetsuro Shiraishi  Naoyuki Nakatsuka  Ryo Kawabe 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(6):1153-1162

The growth and reproductive characteristics of dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus collected in the waters off western Kyushu from May 2008 to April 2011 were determined based on scale and otolith readings and gonad histological examinations, respectively. Based on annual increments in scales and daily increments in sagittal otoliths, the von Bertalanffy growth curves in male and females were determined as $ FL_{t} = 1049[1 - \exp \{ - 0.835(t + 6.975 \times 10^{ - 14} )\} ] $ and $ FL_{t} = 938[1 - \exp \{ - 1.029(t + 6.975 \times 10^{ - 14} )\} ] $ , respectively, where FL _t is the mean fork length (mm) at age t. The spawning period was found to last from June to August for dolphinfish, based on an examination of the monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index and histological observations. Therefore, based on the relationship between the fork length and the developmental stage of the testes or ovaries, male and female dolphinfish were found to reach sexual maturity by the following spawning season after hatching in the northern East China Sea.  相似文献   

Optimization of selection and mating schemes in closed broiler lines     

Tetsuro NOMURA  Shigeki YAMAGUCHI  Fumio MUKAI  Aya YAMAMOTO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):435-443

Minimum coancestry mating (MC) is a simple mating system to reduce inbreeding in populations, in which matings are allocated so as to minimize the average inbreeding coefficient of progeny. This system was compared with random mating (RM) in simulated broiler lines. The population structure and genetic parameters were determined on the basis of an existing broiler line. Comparison of mating systems was made under two selection methods. The first method (DIS) was based on selection index for achieving desired genetic gains. In the second method (LPS), a combination of the family index and linear programming technique was applied to obtain the desired genetic gains. The selected traits were body weight at 6 weeks of both sexes and age at sexual maturity of hen. Four schemes by all the possible combinations of selection and mating methods (DIS + RM, DIS + MC, LPS + RM and LPS + MC) were compared in terms of genetic gains and inbreeding during 15 generations of selection and mating. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (i) the four schemes produced similar genetic gains averaged over replicates; (ii) the variations of genetic gains under LPS + RM and LPS + MC schemes were much smaller than under DIS + RM and DIS + MC schemes; (iii) irrespective of the selection methods, MC reduced the average inbreeding coefficients to about 80% of RM and; (iv) the inbreeding coefficients of individuals in the schemes with RM were distributed in a wide range, while the inbreeding coefficients in the schemes with MC showed a high uniformity. From these results, the LPS + MC scheme was recommended as a selection and mating strategy in closed broiler lines.  相似文献   

Pedigree analysis of genetic subdivision in a population of Japanese Black cattle     

Takeshi HONDA  Tetsuro NOMURA  Yuki YAMAGUCHI  Fumio MUKAI 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):445-452

Twenty‐five subpopulations (i.e. populations of prefectures) of more than 2000 Japanese Black cows younger than or equal to 10 years of age were analyzed to evaluate the genetic relationships in the current population. The total number of cows analyzed was 392 346 and their pedigrees were traced back to 1944 or before. Using the pedigree records, the genetic relationships among the subpopulations were estimated by the two different measurements: (i) the average additive relationship coefficients and (ii) Nei's standard genetic distances. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to the matrix of the average additive relationship coefficients, and the factor loadings of subpopulations were plotted on the plane to visualize the genetic configuration of subpopulations. To understand the grouping process of the subpopulations, cluster analysis was applied to the matrix of the Nei's genetic distances, and a dendrogram was constructed. There was a high consistency between the results from PCA and cluster analysis. Eight subpopulations with relatively low migration rates showed their unique genetic compositions, and the other 17 subpopulations with high migration rates formed a single cluster. The major cause of the genetic similarity among the 17 subpopulations was inferred to be the strong genetic influence from one subpopulation (Hyogo prefecture) with prominent characteristics for meat quality.  相似文献   

罗家角遗址水稻硅酸体形状特征及其在水稻进化上的意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

郑云飞  芮国耀  松井章  宇田津彻朗  藤原宏志 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2001,27(6):691-696

对距今约7000年的浙江省罗家角遗址4个文化层出土的1 5块陶片进行了植物硅酸体分析,结果从来自第2、3、4等3个文化层的5块陶片中检出了稻运动细胞硅酸体.形状解析结果显示:罗家角遗址水稻硅酸体的纵长、横长较小,形状系数较大,是一类小型硅酸体;利用硅酸体4个形状特征参数进行亚种判别的判别值也较小,和现代栽培稻籼亚种的硅酸体更相近.但在硅酸体的分布图上出现多峰现象.从硅酸体形状分析结果看,罗家角遗址及其周围的栽培稻可能是一些以籼亚种为主,并混杂粳亚种的多样性群体.  相似文献   

Transgenic Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) over-expressing growth hormone show reduced ammonia excretion     

Snin-ichiro Kobayashi  Alimuddin  Tetsuro Morita  Misako Miwa  Jun Lu  Masato Endo  Toshio Takeuchi  Goro Yoshizaki   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):427-435

The growth of aquaculture has negatively affected the environment due to the high levels of nitrogen excreted by farmed fish. Here we propose that modifying the nitrogen metabolism of the fish themselves using transgenic technology might solve the pollution problem. Growth hormone (GH) is known to increase protein retention and absorption, and is thought to reduce ammonia excretion. Thus, we produced transgenic Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) that over-expressed the GH gene throughout their bodies. Our findings showed that the food-conversion efficiency of the transgenic fish was 35% higher than that of their non-transgenic siblings. The rearing period required for the transgenic fish to reach a body weight of 20 g was about 75% of that required for non-transgenic fish that were fed the same type and quantity of food. The total amount of ammonium-nitrogen excreted by the transgenic fish was about 69% of that excreted by the wild-type fish over their lifetime. These results suggest that our transgenic approach has the potential to reduce the amount of nitrogen pollution caused by farmed fish. This strategy is a promising option for making aquaculture more ‘eco-friendly’.  相似文献   

Characterisation of the carboxylesterase enzyme cauxin in the seminal fluid of the cat     

Miyazaki M  Miyazaki T  Toyonaga M  Tsutsui T  Taira H  Yamashita T  Suzuki A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,(3):378-382

The carboxylesterase cauxin is a major urinary protein in cats that is also found in seminal fluid (SF). This study investigated cauxin in feline SF including biochemical features, concentration, distribution and gene expression in epididymal tissue, and its reaction with acylglycerol substrates.Monomeric, dimeric, and/or multimeric forms of cauxin carrying N-glycosylations were detected on Western blots of feline SF but most were monomeric. Cauxin concentrations were markedly lower in SF (0.042 ± 0.020 mg/mL) than in urine (∼0.5 mg/mL) and cauxin gene expression was 60-fold lower in the epididymis than in the kidney. Immunohistochemical examination localised cauxin within the stereocilia and cytoplasm of epithelial cells lining the caput and corpus epididymis. Cauxin-positive spermatozoa were detected in the lumen of the cauda epididymis but not in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cell lining. Using an in vitro assay, cauxin hydrolysed saturated 1-mono- but not di- and tri-acylglycerols. The results suggest that cauxin secreted from the caput and corpus epididymis acts as an esterase on lipid within feline SF.  相似文献   

A retrospective study and gene analysis of canine sterile panniculitis     

Yamagishi C  Momoi Y  Kobayashi T  Ide K  Ohno K  Tsujimoto H  Iwasaki T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(9):915-924

In this study, a retrospective analysis was conducted to assess the current aspects and predisposing factors of canine sterile panniculitis. Miniature dachshund, neutered, and younger dogs appeared to be predisposed. In addition, histories of previous surgery and injection were associated in 46.5% of the cases, with several types of surgical suture materials used. About 88% of the dogs had multifocal lesions, frequently with signs of systemic illnesses. Whereas systemic immunosuppressive therapy was effective in most dogs, surgical excision of lesions was rarely curative. In order to prevent recurrences, over 65% of the cases required prolonged immunosuppressive therapy. Polymorphism of canine alpha(1)AT gene was investigated as a candidate gene for sterile panniculitis. Eight polymorphisms were discovered in seven Miniature dachshunds by direct nucleotide sequencing, which included a 12-bp deletion, three non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms, and four silent substitutions. Genotyping of the two polymorphisms, c.109_120del12 and c.483A>C, which identified at high incidence in the dachshunds, was conducted in 83 dogs of 6 popular breeds. The frequencies of neither polymorphism differed between Miniature dachshunds and other breeds, suggesting that neither is responsible for developing panniculitis.  相似文献   

Fertility of ewes inseminated intrauterinally with frozen semen using extender containing bovine serum albumin     

Fukui Y  Kohno H  Togari T  Hiwasa M 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(4):959-962

The present study was conducted to examine the fertility of ewes inseminated intrauterinally with frozen semen using semen extender containing either egg yolk or bovine serum albumin (BSA). Sixty Suffolk and cross-bred ewes were treated with controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices during the non-breeding season (July 2006). A CIDR was inserted into the vagina for 12 days and an intramuscular injection of 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin was administered one day before its removal. Ejaculates from a suffolk ram were diluted with a Tris-based extender containing either 15% (v/v) egg yolk or 10% (w/v) BSA, and the diluted semen was frozen in 0.25 ml straws. A fixed-time intrauterine artificial insemination (AI) was performed 43-47 h after CIDR removal, regardless of incidence of estrus. There was no significant difference in pregnancy rates at 60 days after AI between the extenders containing egg yolk (66.7%, 20/30 animals) or BSA (65.5%, 19/29 animals). Furthermore, there were no significant difference in the lambing rates (66.7% and 62.1%) and prolificacy (1.25 and 1.56) between the two semen extenders. The present study indicates that a semi-defined semen extender containing 10% BSA produces fertility after intrauterine AI that is similar to that achieved with semen extender containing egg yolk.  相似文献   

Frequencies of PrP genotypes in meat breeds of Japanese sheep and trail of selective breeding in experimental sheep flock   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ohara J  Togari T  Kurokawa A  Maeda J  Ishiguro N  Furuoka H  Horiuchi M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(12):1325-1329

The selection of sheep with scrapie-resistant PrP genotypes is one of the control measures for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in ruminants. In this study, we investigated the frequencies of PrP genotypes in meat breeds in Japan. The nationwide surveillance revealed that nearly half of the Suffolk sheep, a major meat breed in Japan, carried scrapie-susceptible AQ/AQ and AQ/VQ genotypes. In addition, the VQ haplotype, which confers high susceptibility to scrapie within sheep, was also found in Poll Dorset sheep. A trial of selective breeding using sires with scrapie-resistant PrP genotypes AQ/AR and AR/AR could raise the ratio of scrapie-resistant sheep from less than 50% to 80% within 3 years. However, the use of sires with the AR/AR genotype and the selection of ewes would be required to achieve a higher ratio of scrapie-resistant sheep.  相似文献