A flexible representation of omic knowledge for thorough analysis of microarray data     

Yoshikazu Hasegawa  Motoaki Seki  Yoshiki Mochizuki  Naohiko Heida  Katsura Hirosawa  Naoki Okamoto  Tetsuya Sakurai  Masakazu Satou  Kenji Akiyama  Kei Iida  Kisik Lee  Shigehiko Kanaya  Taku Demura  Kazuo Shinozaki  Akihiko Konagaya  Tetsuro Toyoda 《Plant methods》2006,2(1):1-18

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Epithelial–immune crosstalk with the skin microbiota in homeostasis and atopic dermatitis – a mini review     

Tetsuro Kobayashi  Ichiro Imanishi 《Veterinary dermatology》2021,32(6):533-e147

The skin is a complex and dynamic ecosystem, wherein epithelial cells, immune cells and the skin microbiota actively interact and maintain barrier integrity and functional immunity. Skin microbes actively tune the functions of the resident immune cells. Dysbiosis – alterations in the resident microbiota – leads to the dysregulation of host immunity. Microbiome analyses in humans and dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) have shown shifts in microbial diversity, and in particular, an increased proportion of staphylococci. Monogenic diseases that manifest AD-like symptoms provide insights into the pathogenesis of AD and the mechanisms of dysbiosis, from both the epithelial and immunological perspectives. The symbiotic relationships between the host and microbiota must be maintained constitutively. Detailed mechanisms of how host immunity regulates commensal bacteria in the steady state have been reported. The skin harbours multiple tissue-resident immune cells, including both innate and adaptive immune cells. Recent studies have highlighted the fundamental role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the maintenance of barrier functions and tissue homeostasis. ILCs directly respond to tissue-derived signals and are instrumental in barrier immunity. Epithelial cells produce alarmins such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukins (IL)-33 and IL-25, all of which activate group 2 ILCs (ILC2s), which produce type 2 cytokines, such as IL-5 and IL-13, boosting type 2 immune reactions. Dysregulation of the epithelial–ILC crosstalk results in allergic inflammation. This review highlights our understanding of the active interactions between the host epithelial and immune cells, and microbiota, providing a foundation for novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory skin diseases.  相似文献   

Preliminary system of rapid analysis of blood retinol level in cattle     

Wataru Iwasaki  Nobutomo Morita  Tetsuro Inoue  Yasufumi Iwanaga  Akinobu Nakashima  Shinji Suzuki  Kinichi Morita 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13606

Control of blood retinol levels in cattle during fattening is important in the production of marbled beef. However, it is difficult to easily measure the blood retinol concentration in the field. In this study, we attempted to develop an analysis method that does not require blood cell separation and uses a compact fluorescence analyzer that can be carried around as a preliminary system for measuring blood retinol concentration in the field. This system was used to monitor blood retinol levels in 12 fattening cattle (14 to 27 months old) and demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.78) with the results obtained by the standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Stronger correlations (r = 0.87) were obtained until the cattle were 24 months of age. These results suggest that higher correlations can be expected to be obtained by improving the robustness of the extraction system. Refinements for practical use need to be considered, but whole blood extraction and the vitamin A analyzer that was developed show potential to be used for on-farm monitoring of retinol levels.  相似文献   

Molecular biological and immunohistological characterization of canine dermal papilla cells and the evaluation of culture conditions     

Kobayashi T  Fujisawa A  Amagai M  Iwasaki T  Ohyama M 《Veterinary dermatology》2011,22(5):414-422

The dermal papilla (DP) plays pivotal roles in hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. However, our understanding of the biology of the canine DP is extremely limited. The aim of this study was to elucidate molecular biological and immunohistochemical characteristics of canine DP cells and determine appropriate conditions for in vitro expansion. Histological investigation revealed that the canine DP expressed biomarkers of human and rodent DP, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and versican. When microdissected, canine DP, but not fibroblasts, strongly expressed the DP-related genes for alkaline phosphatase, Wnt inhibitory factor 1 and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1, confirming successful isolation. The growth rate of isolated canine DP cells was moderate in conventional culture conditions for rodent and human DP; however, AmnioMAX-C100 complete medium allowed more efficient cultivation. Dermal papilla marker gene expression was maintained in early passage cultured DP cells, but gradually lost after the third passage. Approaches to mimic the in vivo DP environment in culture, such as supplementation of keratinocyte-conditioned medium or use of extracellular matrix-coated dishes, moderately ameliorated loss of DP gene expression in canine DP cells. It is possible that constituent factors in AmnioMAX may influence culture. These findings suggested that further refinements of culture conditions may enable DP cell expansion without impairing intrinsic properties and, importantly, demonstrated that AmnioMAX-cultured early passage canine DP cells partly maintained the biological characteristics of in vivo canine DP cells. This study provides crucial information necessary for further optimization of culture conditions of canine DP.  相似文献   

Retrospective study of canine nasal tumor treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy     

Maruo T  Shida T  Fukuyama Y  Hosaka S  Noda M  Ito T  Sugiyama H  Ishikawa T  Madarame H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(2):193-197

The object of this study was to evaluate hypofractionated multiportal field and two-portion (rostral and caudal portions divided by the eyelid) radiation therapy for canine nasal tumors. Sixty-three dogs underwent multiportal hypofractionated radiation therapy. The radiation field was divided into rostral and caudal portions by the eyelid. Treatments were performed four times for 57 dogs. The median irradiation dose/fraction was 8 Gy (range, 5-10 Gy); the median total dose was 32 Gy (10-40 Gy). Improvement of clinical symptoms was achieved in 53 (84.1%) of 63 cases. Median survival time was 197 days (range, 2-1,080 days). Median survival times with and without destruction of the cribriform plate before radiotherapy were 163 and 219 days, respectively. There was no significant difference between them. No other factors were related to survival according to a univariate analysis. All radiation side effects, except one, were grade I according to the VRTOG classification. It was not necessary to treat any dogs for skin side effects. One dog (1.6%) developed an oronasal fistula 1 year after completion of radiation therapy. This radiation protocol may be useful in reducing radiation side effects in dogs with cribriform plate destruction.  相似文献   

Sex steroid hormones do not enhance the direct stimulatory effect of kisspetin‐10 on the secretion of growth hormone from bovine anterior pituitary cells     

Ahmed EZZAT AHMED  Hayato SAITO  Tatsuru SAWADA  Tomoyoshi YAEGASHI  Jin JIN  Ken SAWAI  Tetsuro YAMASHITA  Tsutomu HASHIZUME 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(1):73-77

The aims of the present study were to clarify the effect of kisspeptin10 (Kp10) on the secretion of growth hormone (GH) from bovine anterior pituitary (AP) cells, and evaluate the ability of sex steroid hormones to enhance the sensitivity of somatotrophic cells to Kp10. AP cells prepared from 8–11‐month‐old castrated calves were incubated for 12 h with estradiol (E₂, 10^?8 mol/L),progesterone (P₄, 10^?8 mol/L), testosterone (T, 10^?8 mol/L), or vehicle only (control), and then for 2 h with Kp10. The amount of GH released in the medium was measured by a time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Kp10 (10^?6 or 10^?5 mol/L) significantly stimulated the secretion of GH from the AP cells regardless of steroid treatments (P < 0.05), and E₂, P₄, and T had no effect on this response. The GH‐releasing response to growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH, 10^?8 mol/L) was significantly greater than that to Kp10 (P < 0.05). The present results suggest that Kp10 directly stimulates the release of GH from somatotrophic cells and sex steroid hormones do not enhance the sensitivity of these cells to Kp10. Furthermore, they suggest that the GH‐releasing effect of Kp10 is less potent than that of GHRH.  相似文献   

In vitro antimicrobial activity of aminoreductone against the pathogenic bacteria methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)     

Trang VT  Takeuchi H  Kudo H  Katsuno S  Shimamura T  Kashiwagi T  Son VH  Sugiura T  Ukeda H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(16):8953-8960

In this study, antimicrobial activity of aminoreductone (AR), a product formed during the initial stage of the Maillard reaction, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was evaluated. The significant growth inhibition of all 51 MRSA isolates irrespective of drug susceptibility by AR was observed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AR ranged from 13 to 26 mM. The bactericidal activity of AR was evaluated by a killing assay with multiples of MIC, and it was recognized to depend on its dose. The combined effects of AR and antibiotics frequently used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as amikacin (AN), ciprofloxacin, imipenem and levofloxacin, were examined. As a result, AR did not interfere with these antibiotic activities against 12 MRSA isolates selected and showed the advanced effect of growth inhibition in combination with antibiotics. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of AR were similar to those of AN, an antibiotic with known adverse effects, some serious. These findings show that AR is a naturally formed antimicrobial agent present in thermally processed foods with potential health benefits in medical practice.  相似文献   

Splay fault branching along the Nankai subduction zone   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Park JO  Tsuru T  Kodaira S  Cummins PR  Kaneda Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5584):1157-1160

Seismic reflection profiles reveal steeply landward-dipping splay faults in the rupture area of the magnitude (M) 8.1 Tonankai earthquake in the Nankai subduction zone. These splay faults branch upward from the plate-boundary interface (that is, the subduction zone) at a depth of approximately 10 kilometers, approximately 50 to 55 kilometers landward of the trough axis, breaking through the upper crustal plate. Slip on the active splay fault may be an important mechanism that accommodates the elastic strain caused by relative plate motion.  相似文献   

Pregnancy-stimulated neurogenesis in the adult female forebrain mediated by prolactin     

Shingo T  Gregg C  Enwere E  Fujikawa H  Hassam R  Geary C  Cross JC  Weiss S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5603):117-120

Neurogenesis occurs in the olfactory system of the adult brain throughout life, in both invertebrates and vertebrates, but its physiological regulation is not understood. We show that the production of neuronal progenitors is stimulated in the forebrain subventricular zone of female mice during pregnancy and that this effect is mediated by the hormone prolactin. The progenitors then migrate to produce new olfactory interneurons, a process likely to be important for maternal behavior, because olfactory discrimination is critical for recognition and rearing of offspring. Neurogenesis occurs even in females that mate with sterile males. These findings imply that forebrain olfactory neurogenesis may contribute to adaptive behaviors in mating and pregnancy.  相似文献   

Gene Dropping Analysis of Ancestral Contributions and Allele Survival in Japanese Thoroughbred Population     

Jun YAMASHITA  Hironori OKI  Telhisa HASEGAWA  Takeshi HONDA  Tetsuro NOMURA 《Journal of Equine Science》2010,21(3):39-45

Genetic contributions of nine historically important ancestors and allelic diversity in the Japanese Thoroughbred population were examined by applying the gene dropping simulation to the foals produced from 1978 to 2005. Full pedigree records traced to ancestors (base animals) born around 1890 were used for the simulation. Alleles originated from some of the historically important ancestors were found to be at risk of future extinction, although their genetic contributions to the foal population have increased during the last three decades. The proportion of surviving alleles to the total alleles assigned to the base animals was 8.0% in the foal population in 2005, suggesting that a large part of genetic variability contained in the base animals is extinct in the current population.  相似文献