Effect of supplementation of rice bran and fumarate alone or in combination on in vitro rumen fermentation,methanogenesis and methanogens          下载免费PDF全文

Arfan Abrar  Makoto Kondo  Tasuku Kitamura  Tomomi Ban‐Tokuda  Hiroki Matsui 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(3):398-404

This study investigated the effect of fumarate (FUM) and rice bran (RB), alone and together, on in vitro rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and methanogens. In vitro incubation was performed with six media that were either unsupplemented (control) or supplemented with 10% RB, 5 mmol/L FUM, 10% RB + 5 mmol/L FUM, 10 mmol/L FUM, or 10% RB + 10 mmol/L FUM. Methane (CH₄) production, dry matter digestibility, CH₄ per digested dry matter, total short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, proportion of SCFA, acetate : proprionate ratio, production of NH₃‐N, and population density of rumen microbes were determined. Supplementation with 10% RB + 10 mmol/L FUM yielded a 36% decrease in CH₄ production compared to the control. Supplementation of FUM, in the presence or absence of RB, provided increases in total SCFA production and propionate proportion up to 61% and 31%, respectively. Total bacteria, methanogens and protozoa populations were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with the 10% RB + 10 mmol/L FUM supplementation. The effect of anti‐methanogenesis of FUM was enhanced by the addition of RB. Notably, the CH₄ production attenuation was achieved by 10% RB + 10 mmol/L FUM without reduction of digestibility or of ruminal fermentation.  相似文献   

No Modifying Effect of Antioxidant N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine on Fenofibrate-induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats     

Nishimura J  Dewa Y  Jin M  Saegusa Y  Kawai M  Kemmochi S  Shimamoto K  Harada T  Itoh T  Shima T  Shibutani M  Mitsumori K 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(4):255-261

To clarify the modifying effect of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC), which has antioxidative ability, on hepatocarcinogenesis promoted by fenofibrate (FF), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist , male F344/N rats were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) as an initiator followed by administration of a diet containing 3,000 ppm of FF for 16 weeks. Two-thirds partial hepatectomy was performed 1 week after the FF treatment. Additionally, NAC treatments for 14 weeks from 2 weeks after the FF treatment were performed. Although the expression level of tumor protein p53 (Tp53) mRNA decreased in the DEN+FF+NAC group as compared with that in the DEN+FF group, no significant differences between the DEN+FF and DEN+FF+NAC groups were observed in the number of hepatocellular altered foci and activities of hepatocellular proliferation. In addition, the results of an antioxidant enzyme assay and measurement of the amounts of total glutathione in the liver revealed no significant difference between the DEN+FF and DEN+FF+NAC groups; although no significant differences were observed in many genes between the DEN+FF and DEN+FF+NAC groups, only glutathione peroxidase 2 (Gpx2) mRNA increased in the DEN+FF+NAC group as compared with the DEN+FF group. The results under the present experimental conditions indicate no obvious modifying effect of NAC on liver tumor promotion by FF in rats.  相似文献   

Direct determination of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities using an enhanced plant two-hybrid system     

Takahashi Y  Tojo T  Nagahora S  Yamazaki K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(8):2923-2929

This paper reports a simple, low-cost, and extremely sensitive reporter-gene assay system for comprehensive analysis of estrogenic activity using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana: the EPTH system. It had the capability to detect 17beta-estradiol at a concentration of 10 pM. The system was rendered 5 times more sensitive than a previous system [Tojo, T.; Tsuda, K.; Wada, T.; Yamazaki, K. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2006, 64, 106-114) (1)] by increasing the copy number of the transactivation domain fused to a nuclear receptor co-activator. The system can efficiently detect other estrogenic and antiestrogenic substances. Estrogenic activities were determined in treated sewage samples from four distinct sewage farms using the system. Results showed that the system can detect estrogenic activity directly and more efficiently than a yeast two-hybrid system without any manipulation for extraction and condensation of hydrophobic compounds and aseptic treatment. Furthermore, the system also is useful as a powerful tool for discovery of a new category of natural estrogenic substances that are undetectable by previous plant and yeast systems.  相似文献   

Effects of Dietary Brown Rice on the Growth Performance,Systemic Oxidative Status,and Splenic Inflammatory Responses of Broiler Chickens under Chronic Heat Stress     

Fumika Nanto-Hara  Haruhiko Ohtsu  Makoto Yamazaki  Tatsuya Hirakawa  Kan Sato  Hitoshi Murakami 《The Journal of Poultry Science》2021,58(3):154

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary brown rice on the growth performance, systemic oxidative status, and splenic inflammatory responses of broiler chickens under both thermo-neutral and chronic heat stress conditions. Forty 12-day-old male broiler chickens (ROSS 308) were randomly assigned to two groups and fed either a control diet (corn-based) or a brown rice-based diet. After seven days (19 days old), both groups were randomly divided into two sub-groups (n=10), one of which was exposed to heat stress (33°C for 14 days), while the other was maintained at 24°C. Heat exposure reduced the body weight gain and feed intake (p<0.01) of both groups. In terms of oxidative plasma states, heat exposure reduced the glutathione peroxidase activity and increased the ceruloplasmin content, while the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and reduced glutathione levels were not affected adversely. Heat exposure activated the immune responses, as evidenced by increased plasma immunoglobin levels, and altered splenic immune-related gene expressions including heat shock proteins, toll-like receptor 4, and interleukin-12. Under both thermo-neutral and heat stress conditions, dietary brown rice improved the growth performance, decreased the immunoglobulin levels, and down-regulated the expression of splenic immune-related genes of broilers, although their systemic oxidative status was not affected. Dietary brown rice should be considered as a valuable component of broiler chicken feeds subjected to both thermo-neutral and heat stress conditions. The positive effects of brown rice on bird performance may be associated with the modulation of the immune responses, as reflected by the decreased production of immunoglobulins and altered splenic immune-related gene expression.  相似文献   

Post-settlement growth and mortality of brackishwater clam Corbicula japonica in the Kiso estuaries, central Japan     

Ryogen Nanbu  Tomomi Mizuno  Hideo Sekiguchi 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(6):1254-1268

Different cohorts of Corbicula japonica benthic individuals (from new settlers just after larval settlement up to recruits with 12-mm shell length and more) in the Kiso estuaries, Japan were separated based on temporal changes in shell length histograms. The post-settlement growth and mortality were examined for cohorts that were successful in fishery recruitment. Three growth models (Logistic, Gompertz and ALOG) were fitted to the growth data on average shell lengths of different cohorts, the best-fitting growth model varied depending on cohort and further on cohorts that were grouped according to estuary and to either overwintering or non-overwintering. Mortality rates were estimated based on regression models fitted separately to the data on temporal changes in the log-transformed density against sampling dates of individuals before and after fishery recruitment (i.e. attaining 12-mm shell length). For most cohorts, however, there was no significant difference in mortality rates between individuals before and after fishery recruitment, although significant differences were detected in initial densities between individuals of these two groups. It may be suggested that daily mortality rate after fishery recruitment was compensated with fishery mortality, so that total mortality rate was not different between individuals of these two groups.  相似文献   

Mapping the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for body shape and conformation measurements on BTA1 in Japanese Black cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Aduli Enoch Othniel MALAU-ADULI  Tomomi NIIBAYASHI  Takatoshi KOJIMA  Kazunaga OSHIMA  Yasushi MIZOGUCHI  Masanori KOMATSU 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(1):19-27

The detection and mapping of segregating quantitative trait loci (QTL) that influence withers height, hip height, hip width, body length, chest width, chest depth, shoulder width, lumbar width, thurl width, pin bone width, rump length, cannon circumference, chest girth, abdominal width and abdominal girth at weaning was conducted on chromosomal regions of bovine chromosome one. The QTL analysis was performed by genotyping half‐sib progeny of five Japanese Black sires using microsatellite DNA markers. Probability coefficients of inheriting allele 1 or 2 from the sire at specific chromosomal locations were computed. The phenotypic data of progeny were regressed on these probability coefficients in a within‐common‐parent regression analysis using a linear model that included fixed effects of sex, parity and season of birth, as well as age as a covariate. F‐statistics were calculated every 1 cM on a linkage map. Permutation tests of 10 000 iterations were conducted to obtain chromosome‐wide significance thresholds. A significant QTL for chest width was detected at 91 cM in family 3. The detection of this QTL boosts the prospects of implementing marker‐assisted selection for body conformation traits in Japanese Black beef cattle.  相似文献   

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction for discriminating Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from Erysipelothrix tonsillarum.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoshinao Yamazaki 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(4):384-387

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of swine erysipelas, and it causes great economic losses in Japan and worldwide. In meat inspection, it is very important to distinguish E. rhusiopathiae from other bacteria showing similar clinical signs of disease or similar bacterial characteristics. To distinguish E. rhusiopathiae from Erysipelothrix tonsillarum, 2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) systems were combined. The primer sets ERY-1F and ERY-2R were designed to amplify 2210 base pairs (bp) of nucleotide sequence specific for E. rhusiopathiae chromosomal DNA, and the primer sets MO101 and ERS-1R were designed to amplify 719 bp of nucleotide sequence including a highly conserved region of genus Erysipelothrix 16S rRNA. Two fragments were amplified when E. rhusiopathiae was used as the PCR template using the primer sets, whereas a single fragment was amplified when E. tonsillarum was used as the template. No fragments were amplified when nucleic acid from other bacteria that cause clinical signs similar to swine erysipelas were used as the template. Moreover, 5 specimens collected from postinspected swine carcasses were diagnosed as E. rhusiopathiae using the PCR described in this study, in agreement with results of microbiological tests for the genus Erysipelothrix, whereas negative samples were negative both in conventional bacterial tests and by PCR. The detection limit of multiplex PCR ranged from 10(2) to 10(4) colony forming units per reaction tube for positive samples. These results suggest that this method is useful for screening of swine erysipelas in meat inspection centers.  相似文献