Effects of the supplementation of a calcium soap containing medium-chain fatty acids on the fecal microbiota of pigs,lactating cows,and calves     

Hiroki Matsui  Taichi Imai  Makoto Kondo  Tomomi Ban-Tokuda  Yutaka Yamada 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13636

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have antialgal, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoan, and antiviral activities. However, antibacterial activities of MCFAs in the hindgut of pigs and cattle are still unknown. We report the effects of the supplementation of MCFAs on fecal bacteria of pigs, lactating cows, and Japanese Black calves. Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., eaeA(+) Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, and Clostridium perfringens in the feces of animals were quantified by real-time PCR assay. There was no significant increase or decrease in Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in the three animals. In the pig feces, eaeA(+) E. coli was reduced to less than a third in the treatment group (P < 0.01). C. jejuni in the pig feces was also significantly less in the treatment group compared with the control (P < 0.01). In the lactating cow, eaeA(+) E. coli was reduced to one fifth of that in the control (P < 0.01). Salmonella spp. was halved in calf feces (P < 0.01). Thus, a reduction in Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria was observed. In conclusion, supplementation of a MCFA calcium soap in the diet would be beneficial to growing pigs, lactating cow, and calves by reducing pathogenic bacteria.  相似文献   

Effect of Free-Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) on the Community Structure of Aquatic Organisms in Floodwater of a Japanese Paddy Field during the Flooding Period of Rice Cultivation     

Masatsugu Yamazaki  Masumi Okada  Kazuhiko Kobayashi  Makoto Kimura 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(2):271-279

In the present study, the effect of free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) on the diversity and the community structure of aquatic organisms in the floodwater of a paddy field in northern Japan was evaluated. The varieties and the number of aquatic organisms ranging from 30 μm to 2 cm were compared four times at intervals of 20 d between the FACE (599 ppm CO₂) and ambient air (384 ppm CO₂) plots during the flooding period of rice cultivation. Aquatic organisms were classified mainly at the order level. Twenty-eight taxonomical groups were detected, and the number of groups in the FACE plots was significantly lower than that in the ambient plots. Zygnematales and Chaetonotida were less frequently detected in the FACE plots. The population densities of Zygnematales, and Chaetonotida also tended to be lower in the FACE plots than in the ambient plots in the late flooding period (after 50 d of flooding). No groups showed a significantly higher population density and frequency of presence in the FACE plots than in the ambient plots. The seasonal variations in the number of taxonomical groups and the community structure of aquatic organisms were less conspicuous in the FACE plots than in the ambient plots. We concluded that the FACE conditions adversely affected the communities of aquatic organisms in paddy fields.  相似文献   

Simple detection method of powerful antiradical compounds in the raw extract of plants and its application for the identification of antiradical plant constituents     

Masuda T  Inaba Y  Maekawa T  Takeda Y  Yamaguchi H  Nakamoto K  Kuninaga H  Nishizato S  Nonaka A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(7):1831-1838

A simple detection method for a powerful radical scavenging compound in a mixture containing a large variety of compounds, such as the raw extract of edible plants, was developed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as the radical reagent. The method was established on the basis of the features of the typical chain-breaking antioxidation reaction mechanism, which suggests that the radical scavenging antioxidant should be converted to other stable nonradical compounds during the reaction. This method requires only a simple HPLC instrument, and the disappearance or decrease in the peak intensity, which is induced by the addition of DPPH. This change is monitored by the HPLC to detect the powerful radical scavenger from the complex mixture. The method was applied to the detection and identification of the most powerful antiradical compound in the extracts of three antioxidatively active plant extracts (Psidium guajava, Citrus depressa, and Hypericum chinense). The radical scavenging efficiency of a newly identified compound from H. chinense was also compared with that of Trolox and catechin using the method.  相似文献   

Interploid and intraploid hybridizations to produce polyploid Haskap (Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx) plants     

Tomomi Miyashita  Yoichiro Hoshino 《Euphytica》2015,201(1):15-27

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Midgut juice of Plutellaxylostella highly resistant to Bacillusthuringiensis Cry1Ac contains a three times larger amount of glucosinolate sulfatase which binds to Cry1Ac compared to that of susceptible strain     

Takanori Yamazaki  Toshiki Ishikawa  Ganesh N. Pandian  Keiichi Okazaki  Kohsuke Haginoya  Yuka Tachikawa  Toshiaki Mitsui  Kazuhisa Miyamoto  Chanan Angusthanasombat  Hidetaka Hori 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,101(2):125-131

Midgut juice of Plutellaxylostella strain PXR which is resistant to Cry1Ac was biochemically characterized relative to the susceptible PXS strain. The midgut juice of PXR (PXR-Juice) was shown to process Cry1Ac protoxin to 60 kDa active toxin with the same processing pattern as that of juice from PXS (PXS-Juice) in SDS–PAGE. PXS larvae which were given the Cry1Ac toxin pre-processed with PXR-Juice were killed with the same rate as that with Cry1Ac pre-activated by trypsin. PXR-Juice was found to contain three times larger amount of 66 kDa protein (P66) than PXS-Juice and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of P66 was matched to that of glucosinolate sulfatase in data base search. The protein band of P66 was coincided with the band of p-nitro phenyl sulfatase activity in zymogram. P66 purified to homogeneity in SDS-PAGE bound to Cry1Ac and soybean agglutinin, and K_D for Cry1Ac was estimated to be 718 nM with surface plasmon resonance analysis. Using purified sulfatase, K_m and V_max were estimated and involvement of the enzyme in the PXR resistance was discussed.  相似文献   

黑龙港地区盐碱地演变的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

田济马  毛任钊  松本聪  山崎素直 《土壤学报》1995,32(2):228-234

应用１／１０万，１／２５万ＴＭ图象编制的黑龙港地区盐碱地分布图，代表了８０年代中后期该区盐碱分布的实际状况。经量算，盐碱地共有３９３４００ｈａ，其中轻盐化占一半以上，受自然因素，人为因素的综合影响，盐碱地处于明显的面积缩小，程度减轻的过程中，而且愈向平原上部愈益明显，到了滨海地带虽规律相似，但仍然盐重。由综合分析来看，盐渍扩大了农林牧业的适宜发展幅度，但同时地下水位下降，水资源日益紧缺又将带来生态  相似文献   

Annual variation of natural 15N abundance in tea leaves and its practicality as an organic tea indicator     

Hayashi N  Ujihara T  Tanaka E  Kishi Y  Ogawa H  Matsuo H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(18):10317-10321

To obtain basic knowledge about the relationship between the application of organic fertilizers and the δ15N values of leaves of organically grown tea plants, annual variations in the δ15N values of the tea leaves were investigated. Although variations did not immediately arise after the application of organic fertilizers, differences in the δ15N values between organic and conventional cultivations appeared basically after three years from the beginning of the organic cultivation except when an organic fertilizer with a low δ15N value was applied, and the variation depended on the δ15N values of the fertilizers. In addition, the effectiveness of the δ15N values as a practical indicator of organic teas was examined. The tea leaves collected from organic farms did not always have higher δ15N values than the commercially available nonorganic teas. This result demonstrates that it is not easy to discriminate organic teas from nonorganic teas simply by their δ15N values.  相似文献   

Effects of brief exposure of male pheromone on multiple-unit activity at close proximity to kisspeptin neurons in the goat arcuate nucleus     

Murata K  Wakabayashi Y  Sakamoto K  Tanaka T  Takeuchi Y  Mori Y  Okamura H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(2):197-202

Exposure of females to the male pheromone induces pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in goats. Recently, kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) have been suggested to represent the proximate source of the GnRH pulse generator. In this study, we examined the effects of the pheromone on multiple-unit activity (MUA) in female goats fitted with recording electrodes aimed at the ARC kisspeptin neurons. In all eight goats, periodic bursts in MUA (MUA volleys), which were considered to be electrophysiological manifestations of the GnRH pulse generator, were observed. The mean intervolley interval (T) during the control period was calculated in each goat that was then exposed to the male pheromone for 1 sec at timings of 1/4 T, 1/2 T or 3/4 T after one regularly occurring MUA volley. An instantaneous rise in MUA was observed immediately after the exposure regardless of timing. Exposure at a timing of 3/4 T resulted in an MUA volley within 60 sec following the instantaneous rise in all goats. In contrast, an MUA volley was induced in only 2 goats by exposure at 1/2 T, while exposure at 1/4 T failed to induce an MUA volley in any goats. These results suggest that transmission of the pheromone signal to the ARC, represented by an instantaneous rise, activates the GnRH pulse generator. Moreover, the timing-dependent pheromone action in inducing an MUA volley indicates that the GnRH pulse generator has a refractory period for the pheromone signal after the burst.  相似文献   

CYP1B1 is polymorphic in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques     

Uno Y  Matsushita A  Yamazaki H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(9):1229-1231

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 is involved in the metabolic activation of various procarcinogens, and some CYP1B1 genetic variants alter CYP1B1-dependent procarcinogen metabolism. Cynomolgus and rhesus macaques are frequently used in toxicity tests due to their evolutionary closeness to humans. In this study, we attempted to identify CYP1B1 genetic variants in 13 cynomolgus and 4 rhesus macaques. A total of 17 genetic variants were identified, including 8 non-synonymous genetic variants, indicating that, similar to humans, CYP1B1 is polymorphic in macaques. These CYP1B1 genetic variants could be the basis for understanding potential inter-animal differences in macaque CYP1B1-dependent metabolism of promutagens.  相似文献   

Effect of Deep Placement of Slow-release Fertilizer (Lime Nitrogen) Applied at Different Rates on Growth, N₂ Fixation and Yield of Soya Bean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)     

T. Kaushal  M. Onda  S. Ito  A. Yamazaki  H. Fujikake  N. Ohtake  K. Sueyoshi  Y. Takahashi  T. Ohyama 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2006,192(6):417-426

A new fertilization method with deep placement of slow‐release N fertilizers, such as coated urea and lime nitrogen (LN) (calcium cyanamide) at 20 cm depth was found to promote soy bean seed yield. In the present study, the effect of deep placement of LN was investigated on different parameters such as growth, N accumulation, N₂ fixation activity and yield of soy bean by applying LN at different rates in the rotated paddy field of Niigata, Japan. In addition to the basal fertilizer, ammonium sulphate (16 kg N ha^?1), deep placement of LN was conducted by applying various amounts such as 50 kg N ha^?1 (A50), 100 kg N ha^?1 (A100) and 200 kg N ha^?1 (A200) at 20 cm depth in separate plots. A ¹⁵N‐labelled LN fertilizer was also employed for each of the above treatments to calculate N utilization from LN in separate plots. Soya bean plant growth and N₂ fixation activity were periodically analysed. Both plant growth and N accumulation were found to increase with LN treatment compared with control plants. An increase in N₂ fixation activity was found in the A100 plots. The total seed yield was the highest in the deep placement of LN with A100 (73 g per plant) compared with other treatments. The visual quality of harvested seeds also showed that A100 enhanced the quality of seeds compared with other treatments. Thus, it is suggested that N fertilization management with particular reference to optimum amount of fertilizers is important for maximum growth, N₂ fixation and enhancement of seed yield of soy bean.  相似文献