Continuous plasma outflows from the edge of a solar active region as a possible source of solar wind     

Sakao T  Kano R  Narukage N  Kotoku J  Bando T  Deluca EE  Lundquist LL  Tsuneta S  Harra LK  Katsukawa Y  Kubo M  Hara H  Matsuzaki K  Shimojo M  Bookbinder JA  Golub L  Korreck KE  Su Y  Shibasaki K  Shimizu T  Nakatani I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5856):1585-1588

The Sun continuously expels a huge amount of ionized material into interplanetary space as the solar wind. Despite its influence on the heliospheric environment, the origin of the solar wind has yet to be well identified. In this paper, we report Hinode X-ray Telescope observations of a solar active region. At the edge of the active region, located adjacent to a coronal hole, a pattern of continuous outflow of soft-x-ray-emitting plasmas was identified emanating along apparently open magnetic field lines and into the upper corona. Estimates of temperature and density for the outflowing plasmas suggest a mass loss rate that amounts to approximately 1/4 of the total mass loss rate of the solar wind. These outflows may be indicative of one of the solar wind sources at the Sun.  相似文献   

Determination of Damaged Starch and Diastatic Activity in Wheat Flour Using a Flow-Injection Analysis Biosensor Method     

Ryuichi Haginoya  Kunio Sakai  Takashi Komatsu  Seiichi Nagao  Kenji Yokoyama  Toshifumi Takeuchi  Ritsuko Matsukawa  Isao Karube 《Cereal Chemistry》1997,74(6):745-749

The determination of damaged starch and diastatic activity in flour was studied using a flow-injection analysis (FIA) biosensor system. The system consisted of an oxygen electrode and an immobilized enzyme column containing purified glucoamylase and glucose oxidase immobilized on activated aminopropyl glass beads. The biosensor system has an optimum pH between 6.5 and 7.5 and an optimum temperature of 35°C for glucose measurement. The response of the FIA biosensor was linear up to 1.000 g/L of glucose with a lower detection limit of 0.025 g/L. Each assay took about 20 min, and the system showed good reproducibility (r = 0.998, n = 8). When applied to the measurement of damaged starch and diastatic activity in wheat flour, the results obtained agreed with those obtained using the conventional methods of measurement. This biosensor system is a rapid practical alternative for the measurement of damaged starch and diastatic activity in wheat flour.  相似文献