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11.
Kazuyuki Inubushi Miwa Yashima Shunsuke Hanazawa Akio Goto Kisho Miyamoto Tatsushi Tsuboi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2020,66(1):247-253
ABSTRACT This study aims to characterize soil chemical properties and microbial biomass, greenhouse gas production, and organic matter dynamics in upland rice field as affected by the long-term fertilizer managements in Uganda. Soil total C (TC) and N (TN) contents were in the relatively smaller range under different fertilizer treatments, even after 20 crop seasons. However, available phosphate contents showed positive correlation with average yield of upland rice. Incubation experiments were conducted under aerobic or under flooding conditions to measure CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide productions. After the incubation, soil samples were extracted to quantify nitrification rate for aerobic condition and ammonification rate for flooding condition. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen were measured. Stable isotope ratio of 13C and 15N were also determined for the soil samples. CO2 production potential under aerobic condition was higher than the flooding condition. The qCO2 (CO2/MBC) in the treatment applied with compost tended to be higher than the other treatments. Positive correlation between nitrous oxide production and nitrification was found. The delta 13C values of the soil samples indicated that the effect of C4 plants before rice cultivation still remained, while the contribution of biological N2 fixation was little according to delta 15N values. These results indicate that soil microbial biomass in upland rice field of the long-term fertilizer experiment in Uganda was characterized with higher qCO2. Greenhouse gas production was affected by fertilizer management, while soil organic C before the long-term experiment still remained in the experiment. 相似文献
12.
T Tsuboi T Imada 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(8):943-945
To investigate the susceptibility of early bovine embryos to noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (NCP BVDV), 2- and 4-cell embryos produced in vitro from which zona pellucida had been removed by pronase treatment, and hatched blastocysts were exposed to 10(6) TCID50/m/ of NCP BVDV No. 12 strain. The virus was detected in all embryo samples immediately prior to cultivation but not in the medium. After 24-hr culture, the virus was isolated from four media and two embryo samples in four experiments in the blastocyst group, and the viral antigen was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the embryo cells by the immunofluorescent technique. By contrast, no virus was recovered from, or viral antigen detected in samples from the 2- and 4-cell embryo group in any of the experiments, even though they were exposed to the virus after removal of the zona pellucida. These findings suggest that 2- and 4-cell embryos are unlikely to be susceptible to NCP BVDV, but that blastocysts are capable of being infected with the virus. hatched blastocyst, noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus. 相似文献
13.
Yutaka Taguchi Yudai Inabu Koki Hayasaki Noriyuki Maeda Yoshiro Kanmera Seiji Yamasaki Noboru Ota Kenji Mukawa Arisa Tsuboi Hirokuni Miyamoto Tetsuji Etoh Yuji Shiotsuka Ryoichi Fujino Christopher D. McMahon Hideyuki Takahashi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13505
We evaluated the effects of feeding high volumes of milk replacer on growth and reproductive performances in Japanese black heifers. Fifty-one heifers were fed milk replacer at 9 L/day for 60 days (9 L × 60 days; n = 18) or 41 days (9 L × 41 days; n = 15), or at 7 L/day for 40 days (7 L × 40 days; n = 18). Artificial insemination (AI) was performed on heifers with ≥270 kg body weight and ≥116 cm body height at 300 days of age. The age at the first AI was 0.35 month later for 7 L × 40 days than the other groups (p < .01). However, age at calving did not differ among treatments (22.1 months). The interval from the first AI to pregnancy tended to be ~2 months longer for the 9 L × 60 days than the other groups (p = .07). Our results showed that feeding high volumes of milk replacer may reduce the age at calving via an improved rate of growth. In addition, we propose that feeding a maximum of 7 L milk replacer for 40 days may be the most appropriate rearing regime because the success of pregnancy per AI may be reduced in calves fed a maximum of 9 L for 41 and 60 days. 相似文献
14.
The objective of this study was to chronologically investigate the effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection on early pregnant cows before placenta formation. Six cows were intravenously inoculated with either BVDV (treated, n = 4) or growth medium (control, n = 2) (day 0) at day 26 of pregnancy. Two treated cows and one control cow were euthanized on day 3 post-infection and the remaining animals were euthanized on day 6. BVDV was isolated from maternal tissues such as lymphoid or reproductive tissues of treated animals on days 3 and 6 post-infection. Additionally, one treated cow autopsied on day 6 post-infection had evidence of infectious BVDV in the allantoic membranes, allantoic fluid and embryos. In three treated cows, a significant decline in progesterone concentration was also observed post-infection while in control cows they remained constant. Therefore, BVDV can infect bovine embryos before placenta formation and may affect progesterone profiles in cows during early pregnancy. 相似文献
15.
Takeuchi Y Takahashi M Tsuboi M Fujino Y Uchida K Ohno K Nakayama H Tsujimoto H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(8):1057-1062
A Japanese domestic long-hair cat of about 8 years of age was presented with vomiting and hematochezia and was found to have significant hypereosinophilia. Bone marrow aspiration revealed moderate increases of eosinophilic lineages. Histopathological examination revealed mild eosinophilic and epitheliotropic T-lymphocytic infiltrations in the duodenum. Although the cat remained asymptomatic with only prednisolone administration, the cat presented with hematemesis, weight loss, and severe anorexia 512 days after the initial presentation. Subsequently, gastrointestinal perforation developed, and the cat died on Day 536. Histopathological examination of autopsy specimens revealed mixed cellular infiltration including eosinophils and neoplastic lymphocytes in the intestinal lymph nodes, intestine, liver, spleen, and pancreas. Immunohistochemical examination supports a diagnosis of intestinal T-cell lymphoma with severe hypereosinophilic syndrome. 相似文献
16.
The effects of immunosuppression were examined in 1.5-month-old calves that were given dexamethasone (DM) before endobronchial inoculation with bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV-3). Immunohistopathologically, severe necrotizing bronchiolitis with eosinophilic and basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies was observed both in DM-treated 1.5-month-old infected calves and in non-DM-treated 7-day-old infected calves. These inclusion bodies were correlated with the detection of BAV-3 antigen and viral particles. The presence of inclusion bodies in the desquamated epithelial cells or of BAV-3 antigen, or both, correlated well with the isolated level of BAV-3 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Few immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, and IgA)-containing B lymphocytes or CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrated the pneumonic lesion in both the 7-day-old and the DM-treated 1.5-month-old infected calves. Thus, depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes in calves might influence the clearance of BAV-3 from respiratory tissues. 相似文献
17.
Water‐soluble polysaccharide fractions, fractionated with ammonium sulfate from the hot‐water‐extract of rice bran and endosperm, showed a potent anticomplementary activity. As compared with water‐soluble polysaccharide isolated from Angelica acutiloba, which is a well‐known medicinal herb, the rice fractions showed similar or higher potency. Protease digestion, periodate oxidation, and hydroxylamine treatments indicated that anticomplementary activity is due to polysaccharide moiety rather than protein moiety and the polyphenol moieties, ferulic acid, being an integral component in rice bran proteoglycan. These results suggest that a water‐soluble proteoglycan and a polysaccharide in rice modulate complement activity. This is a new example of natural biological response modifiers in food. 相似文献
18.
Ashley M. Fowler Natalie A. Dowling Jeremy M. Lyle Josep Alós Leif E. Anderson Steven J. Cooke Andy J. Danylchuk Keno Ferter Heath Folpp Clifford Hutt Kieran Hyder Daniel K. Lew Michael B. Lowry Tim P. Lynch Nicholas Meadows Estanis Mugerza Kjell Nedreaas Domingos Garrone-Neto Faith A. Ochwada-Doyle Warren Potts David Records Scott Steinback Harry V. Strehlow Sean R. Tracey Michael D. Travis Jun-ichi Tsuboi Jon Helge Vølstad Rowan C. Chick 《Fish and Fisheries》2023,24(6):1003-1019
Recreational fishing (RF) is a large yet undervalued component of fisheries globally. While progress has been made in monitoring, assessing, and managing the sector in isolation, integration of RF into the management of multi-sector fisheries has been limited, particularly relative to the commercial sector. This marginalises recreational fishers and reduces the likelihood of achieving the sector's objectives and, more broadly, achieving fisheries sustainability. We examined the nature and extent of RF inclusion in harvest strategies (HSs) for marine fisheries across 15 regions in 11 nations to define the gap in inclusion that has developed between sectors. We focused on high-income nations with a high level of RF governance and used a questionnaire to elicit expert knowledge on HSs due to the paucity of published documents. In total, 339 HSs were considered. We found that RF inclusion in HSs was more similar to the small-scale sector (i.e., artisanal, cultural, or subsistence) than the commercial sector, with explicit operational objectives, data collection, performance indicators, reference points, and management controls lacking in many regions. Where specified, RF objectives focused on sustainability, economic value and catch allocation rather than directly relating to the recreational fishing experience. Conflicts with other sectors included competition with the commercial sector for limited resources, highlighting the importance of equitable resource allocation policies alongside HSs. We propose that RF be explicitly incorporated into HSs to ensure fisheries are ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable, and we recommend that fisheries organisations urgently review HSs for marine fisheries with a recreational component to close the harvest strategy gap among sectors. 相似文献
19.
By examining the occurrence or absence of a resonance Raman effect for a carbonyl bond-stretching vibration, one can achieve a unique characterization of the carbonyl pi-electrons. It can be concluded, for example, that the carbonyl pi-electrons of nicotinamide do not migrate into the ring pi-electron orbitals responsible for the 265-nanometer band, whereas those of dihydronicotinamide do migrate into orbitals responsible for the 340-nanometer band. 相似文献
20.