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Mohammad-Reza Rouini Hoda Lavasani Behjat Sheikholeslami Vahid Nikoui Azam Bakhtiarian Micaela Sgorbini Mario Giorgi 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013
Mirtazapine (MRZ) is a human antidepressant drug that is metabolized, predominantly by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, to 8-OH mirtazapine (8-OH MRZ) and dimetilmirtazapine (DMR) metabolites. In veterinary medicine, this drug is currently administered to cats and dogs with anorexia, although it could also have applications as an antidepressant, antiemetic, and analgesic agent in these species. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of MRZ and its metabolites DMR and 8-OH MRZ in horses. Six healthy female horses were administered MRZ (2 mg/kg) in fasting and fed states according to a balanced crossover study design. Plasma MRZ and metabolite concentrations were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection method. Pharmacokinetic profiles of MRZ and DMR were similar (detected from 0.5 up to 34 and 48 hours, respectively), with an MRZ AUC0-N/DMR AUC0-N ratio range varying between 1.1 and 1.7. Surprisingly, 8-OH MRZ was undetected. Most of the pharmacokinetic parameters were not altered by food, with the exception of the time required to reach maximum concentration; this showed a statistical increase in subjects in the fasting state as compared with the fed state. However, because MRZ is an active substance intended for long-term administration, the slight increase of the time required to reach maximum concentration is not considered to be of any clinical consequence. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated in this study suggest that MRZ is suitable for oral administration in the horse. However, further investigations are required to evaluate both its safety and effectiveness in this animal species. 相似文献
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Extracts of Oliviera decumbens and Satureja khuzestanica as immunostimulants affect some innate immunity indices of Cyprinus carpio against Aeromonas hydrophila infection 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mojtaba Alishahi Mostafa Halimi Alireza Khansari Vahid Yavari 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(9):2909-2916
In this study, the effect of extracts of two herbs (Oliviera decumbens and Satureja khuzestanica) on immune response of carp was investigated. At the beginning of experiment, fish were divided to two groups including vaccinated (using vaccine developed against A. hydrophila) and non‐vaccinated. Fish in both groups were fed diets containing O. decumbens and S. khuzestanica and combination of two herbal extracts for 5 weeks. Control fish (negative control) and fish vaccinated only (positive control) were fed basal diets without supplements of herbal extracts. Lysozyme activity, antibody titre, complement activity and bactericidal activity in serum were measured. After 5 weeks feeding, fish were infected with A. hydrophila and mortalities were recorded. In both experimental groups, no significant differences were found in terms of alternative haemolytic complement (ACH50) activity and antibody titres of Serum. In non‐vaccinated fish group, lysozyme and bactericidal activity of fish fed S. khuzestanica or combination of O. decumbens and S. khuzestanica was higher compared with control and other experimental treatments. In vaccinated fish group, the lysozyme and bactericidal activity was not significant in all treatments compared with control group. The results of this study showed that feeding non‐vaccinated and vaccinated carp with only S. khuzestanica or in combination with O. decumbens enhance only some immunity indices including lysozyme and bactericidal activity in non‐vaccinated fish and these extracts have no immunological stimulatory role on vaccinated individuals. 相似文献
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Abouzar?HadipourEmail author Freydoon?Vafaie Vahid?Hadipour 《Aquaculture International》2015,23(1):329-343
Land suitability analysis is a prerequisite for successful aquaculture, and site selection affects both the success and sustainability of any aquaculture development. There is an urgent need for appropriate methodology to assist planners for site selection in aquaculture development. Site selection can be viewed as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is a proven, effective method used to solve problem of site selection. This paper applied geographic information systems (GIS), the AHP method, and MCDM to identify areas that are suitable for shrimp aquaculture development in coastal area of Hormozgan, Iran. To create models, combination of layers was carried out through Boolean operators and weighted linear combination (WLC) method. After performing the combination models, the results are presented and compared. Evaluation of the results shows that the most of the areas classified suitable in WLC model coincide with the existing shrimp farms and this indicates the validity of the GIS-based WLC model. The areas with the highest priorities are situated in eastern part of the study area. Since existing shrimp farms cover a small extent in the study area, further expansion of shrimp farming to other areas is possible. 相似文献
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Ehsan Shakeri Majid Amini Dehaghi Seyed Ali Tabatabaei Mehrdad Moradi-Ghahderijani 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(4):547-560
Experiments were conducted in 2009–2010 at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd, Iran, to study the effect of nitrogen levels and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) containing Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. on seed yield, its components and quality traits of sesame cultivars. Treatments were arranged in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with nitrogen rates (0 (control), 25 and 50 kg N ha?1), cultivars (Darab-14, GL-13 and local) and N-fixing bacteria levels (non-inoculation and inoculation) were applied with three replications. Nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased yield and yield components, but reduced oil content in 2010. Inoculating seeds with PGPR increased yield and yield components of sesame cultivars compared to the control treatment. Seed yield in PGPR inoculation with half a rate of N fertilizer treatment was more than seed yield in the full rate of N fertilizer without a PGPR inoculation treatment. N fertilizer and PGPR application significantly decreased saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acid) while it significantly increased unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acid). Oleic acid had a significant negative correlation with linoleic acid (r = ?0.79). The result showed that an application of PGPR could be usefully applied to reduce use of chemical fertilizer. 相似文献
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Zeynab Shahpoori Vilma Bayramzadeh Vahid Reza Safdari Manoochehr Khan Zarinkafsh Roghayeh Jirrodnejad Pedram Attarod 《林业研究》2012,23(3):473-479
We investigated wood anatomical changes due to uptake and accumulation of cadmium and lead from contaminated soils in Acer velutinum Boiss seedlings. Two-year old seedlings were exposed for 180 days to soil concentrations with varying cadmium and lead concentrations. We measured three wood anatomical traits, average vessel area(μm2), vessel number per square millimetre, and vessel lumen area percentage (%). For assessing the cadmium and lead accumulation, we measured the concentrations in the soil, leaf, stem, and root. Average vessel area and vessel lumen area percentage were similar (p>0.05) incontrol and treated seedlings. Vessel number per square millimetre showed a decreasing trend from pith to bark in control and treated seedlings, and the trend was more pronounced in treated seedlings. We conclude that vessel number per square millimetre in A. velutinum is influenced by soil contamination. A. velutinum Boiss is not a suitable species for remediation of soils contaminated by cadmium and lead but it can beused as an indicator of the soil lead contamination, because lead concentrations in seedlings increased with increasing amount of lead in the soil. 相似文献
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The impacts of climate change on agriculture are still shadowed with uncertainty. However, climate change is expected to adversely affect Iran's agricultural practices through changes in precipitation, temperature and carbon dioxide fertilization. Therefore, adaptation of this sector to the increasing weather events is imperative. This study is aimed to document the likely impacts of climate change on Iran's agriculture and the current adaptation efforts made by government and farmers. The review of literature shows that changes in rainfall and water endowments will have significant impacts on crop yield, crops' water requirements and income and welfare of farm families. The extent of the changes in yield depends on the crop type, assumptions related to the CO2 fertilization effect, climate scenarios and adaptation abilities. On adaptation, the government's efforts have been distinguished in the improving agricultural productivity and irrigation development based on current technology, developing new technologies and policy reforms. Farmers' adaptive responses have also been identified. Some conclusions and recommendations are offered to increase the adaptive capacity of farmers and reduce negative impacts of climate change. 相似文献
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Mehdi Marjani Vahid Akbarinejad Mohsen Bagheri 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(2):178-181
ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to compare intranasal (INS) and intramuscular (IM) routes of administration of a ketamine-midazolam combination in cats.Study designRandomized block design.AnimalsTwelve healthy mixed breed cats (six males and six females).MethodsThe drug combination was ketamine (14 mg kg−1) and midazolam (0.5 mg kg−1). In the IM group, drugs were injected into quadratus femoris muscle; in the INS. group, the combination dropped equally into the two nostrils. Pulse and respiratory rates, peripheral haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) and rectal temperature were monitored before and at intervals after drug administration. Time to onset and duration of sedation and, during recovery to head up, sternal recumbency and recovery were recorded.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the groups in any time measured except for recovery to sternal recumbency, where time was lower in the INS than in the IM (p = 0.034). Respiratory rate was greater in the INS than in the IM group (p = 0.029), but there was no difference between groups in other physiological parameters. In both groups SpO2 was low before and fell further during sedation.ConclusionsThe results substantiated that INS ketamine-midazolam can produce effective sedation in cats.Clinical relevanceIntranasal (INS) administration of ketamine-midazolam is atraumatic, and its use may avoid the pain of injection of ketamine combinations when this drug is used to induce sedation in cats. 相似文献
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Vahid Rezaei Aminlooi Nasrollah Ahmadifard Amir Tukmechi Naser Agh 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(1):72-79
In the present study, the effects of Artemia supplemented with 2‐β‐mercapto‐ethanol (β‐ME) treated yeast cell, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on growth and reproductive performance, lysozyme activity, and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of freshwater ornamental species, Poecilia latipinna, were investigated. Within 60 days, molly fish were fed with three treatments including commercial food (T1), un‐supplemented Artemia (T2), and Artemia supplemented with β‐ME‐treated yeast cell (at concentration of 4 × 107 CFU/L of water) (T3). After the feeding period, the fish were exposed to 100 μl of a suspension (1.1 × 107 cells/ml) of A. hydrophila (BCCM5/LMG3279) and the cumulative mortality rates were recorded for 12 days. No significant difference was found between survival rate and growth performance of P. latipinna except for weight gain that was higher in fish fed through Artemia supplemented with β‐ME‐treated yeast cell compared to control group. Fecundity rate was significantly improved in fish fed using T3 with the maximum amount of 49.5 ± 2.29 per female (p < 0.05). Besides, lysozyme activity was significantly increased in group 3 (p < 0.05). Moreover, lowest fish mortality was significantly observed in this treatment (p < 0.05). In addition, the number of colonies formed by yeast cell in T3 (634 × 103 CFU/g intestine) showed significant difference with other treatments (p < 0.05). In sum, Artemia enriched with β‐ME‐treated yeast improved reproductive indices, immune responses, and resistance against A. hydrophila of P. latipinna. 相似文献