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71.
M. Iqbal R. Khan Sarika Kumari Faroza Nazir Risheek Rahul Khanna Ravi Gupta Himanshu Chhillar 《水稻科学》2023,30(1):15-35
Consistent climatic perturbations have increased global environmental concerns, especially the impacts of abiotic stresses on crop productivity. Rice is a staple food crop for the majority of the world’s population. Abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, heat, cold and heavy metals, are potential inhibitors of rice growth and yield. Abiotic stresses elicit various acclimation responses that facilitate in stress mitigation. Plant hormones play an important role in mediating the growth and development of rice plants under optimal and stressful environments by activating a multitude of signalling cascades to elicit the rice plant’s adaptive responses. The current review describes the role of plant hormone-mediated abiotic stress tolerance in rice, potential crosstalk between plant hormones involved in rice abiotic stress tolerance and significant advancements in biotechnological initiatives including genetic engineering approach to provide a step forward in making rice resistance to abiotic stress. 相似文献
72.
Studies on the effects of LPS, ß‐glucan and metabolic inhibitors on the respiratory burst and gene expression in Atlantic salmon macrophages
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in macrophage‐like cells is induced as an antimicrobial defence against invading pathogens. In this study, we have explored how different stimuli and metabolic inhibitors affect the level of respiratory burst in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) head kidney macrophage‐like cells. Cells stimulated in vitro by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ß‐glucan showed increased production of ROS compared to unstimulated cells. Both stimulation and costimulation by curdlan (ß‐glucan) induced a higher production of ROS compared to stimulation and costimulation by LPS. Metabolic inhibitors co‐incubated with the stimulants did not, in most cases, perturb the level of ROS generation in the salmon macrophage‐like cells. The NAD+ content as well as the NAD+/NADH ratio increased in curdlan and LPS + curdlan‐stimulated cells compared to control cells, which indicated increased metabolic activity in the stimulated cells. Supporting these findings, gene analysis using real‐time quantitative PCR showed that arginase‐1 and IL‐1ß genes were highly expressed in the stimulated cells. 相似文献
73.
Pratap Chandra Das Prabhati Kumari Sahoo Snatashree Mohanty Monali Mishra Subrat Kumar Swain 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(3):982-988
Fingerling rearing of pengba, Osteobrama belangeri, was conducted at varied densities for 90 days in 12 outdoor concrete tanks (10 m × 5 m × 1 m). The tanks, grouped into four triplicated treatments, were stocked with fry at 20, 30, 40 and 50 fry m‐3; and designated as control, T‐1, T‐2 and T‐3 respectively. Tanks were filled up to 90 cm depth. Evaporation loss compensated fortnightly. Fish sampling and monitoring of water quality parameters done at fortnight intervals. Survival varied between 71.5% and 84.0% in treatments. Both survival and total length significantly reduced with increasing densities from control to T‐2 (p < .05), while no differences were observed between T‐2 and T‐3 (p > .05). Similarly, significant reductions in final body weight and specific growth rate were observed with increased densities and these values further reduced in T‐3 than T‐2 (p < .05). Such results corroborated the inverse relationship between stocking density and growth. Gross biomass yields in two higher densities (T‐2 and T‐3), despite their lower survivals, were significantly higher than the two lower densities. The numbers of fingerlings harvested were 35, 74 and 112% higher than the control in T‐1, T‐2 and T‐3 respectively. The lowest size obtained even at the highest density (T‐3) was of 7.0 ± 1.0 cm and 3.99 ± 0.17 g, which can be considered as ideal grow‐out stocking size of pengba. Therefore, the study showed feasibility of stocking up to 50 fry m‐3 for rearing from fry to fingerling stage. However, the other lower densities may be used in case of requirement of larger fingerlings. 相似文献
74.
Ajay S. Khandagale Suchetha N. Kumari Siva Durga Suman Joshi Krishnaprasad Nooralabettu 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):354-367
Trypsin from viscera of Indian mackerel (Rastralliger kanagurta) was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and chromatographic techniques such as size exclusion, ion exchange, and affinity chromatography, with a 14.4-fold increase in specific activity and 18.7% recovery. The molecular weight of the trypsin was estimated to be approximately 26 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Purified trypsin showed amidase-specific activity which was determined using benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA). The optimum pH and temperature for isolated trypsin activity were 9.0 and 50°C, respectively. The purified trypsin was strongly inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) and N-p-tosyl-1-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK). Purified trypsin showed almost 40% recovery at high NaCl concentration (30%). The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the first 10 amino acids of purified trypsin was IVGGYESQPH. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and catalytic constant (Kcat) of purified trypsin were 0.430 mM and 0.77 s?1, respectively, determined using BAPNA as a substrate. Purified trypsin showed digestion of casein similar to bovine trypsin by the fluorometric method. 相似文献
75.
Bangar Pooja Tyagi Neetu Tiwari Bhavana Kumar Sanjay Barman Paramananda Kumari Ratna Gaikwad Ambika Bhat K. V. Chaudhury Ashok 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2021,24(2):153-165
Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata] is vital grain legume having nutritional and socio-economic importance, especially in the... 相似文献
76.
Lohith Kumar Kavita Kumari Pranab Gogoi Ranjan Kumar Manna Roshith Chakkiyath Madayi Sibina Mol Salim Vijaykumar Muttanahalli Eregowda Suresh Vettath Raghavan Basanta Kumar Das 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2021,28(2):158-166
The three-spot cichlid Amphilophus trimaculatus (Günther) is an ornamental fish known to be invasive but has not been assessed for India. The present study confirmed this non-native species’ identity using conventional and molecular methods, as well as its occurrence in the River Cauvery, the first for this species in a lotic environment outside its native range. Gut content analysis indicated a diet of predominantly insects. The river's water quality and habitat were conducive for the species’ growth and reproduction. Using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit, A. trimaculatus was ranked as posing a “high” risk of being invasive in the River Cauvery, with climate match analysis showing 58% similarity with the species’ native range. Vector and pathway analysis found that A. trimaculatus was introduced to India via the aquarium trade, although consignment origin remains unknown, and the most likely means of entry into the river and its tributaries was the species’ escaping from holding facilities. Subsequent dispersal and impact of the species on native fauna are discussed. The study's outcomes demonstrate the importance of using risk analysis protocols to inform management of non-native species in India, with suggestions provided for immediate and long-term measures for the species’ management. 相似文献
77.
Arjuna Rao Palakollu Venkata Panda Kusuma Kumari Tavva Surya Santosh Mohan Dev Muktinutalapati Venkata Subba Rao Vangury Manga 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2012,15(3):195-203
Genetic analysis of sodium and sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratios in leaf and stem was carried out through diallel analysis involving two tolerant, one moderately tolerant, and two sensitive genotypes as parents. Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to a critical level of salinization (17 decisiemens per meter of electrical conductivity). Leaf and stem sampling (from 5 parents and 20 hybrids arranged in a randomized block design with three replications of 10 each) was done 30 days after salinization when susceptible parents were severely effected. Predominance of non-additive gene action for stem sodium and dominance component for leaf Na/K were noticed while both additive and non-additive components played a significant role for stem Na/K. A single group of genes seems to be operative for these characters. Hybrids produced by crossing the two sensitive parents were tolerant suggesting genetic complementation and involvement of different loci in the two parents for salinity tolerance. The overall dominant nature of tolerance and the additive gene action for these salinity related characters suggested the possibility of breeding pearl millet lines through hybridization and selection to pyramid the favorable genes. 相似文献
78.
Shesh Kumari Sergei A. Subbotin 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,133(4):923-933
Longidorus helveticus was found at two out of 285 sampling sites for the first time in the Czech Republic. Females, males and juvenile stages were analyzed morphologically and morphometrically. The morphological identification of samples was verified by polymerase chain reaction using a species specific primer. Four markers of ribosomal DNA (18S, ITS1, ITS2, D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA) and two markers of mitochondrial DNA (cox1 and nad4) were sequenced and analyzed and compared with published gene sequences of other populations of L. helveticus. The partial mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit 1 gene and partial nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunits 4 gene showed relatively high genetic variation within the species compared with ribosomal DNA markers. 相似文献
79.
A Bowman-Birk inhibitor with activity against gut proteases of Helicoverpa armigera was extracted in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer from defatted seed flour of Albizia lebbeck. It was purified to 29.62 folds with 51.43% recovery using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100 column and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A50. The purified protein had a molecular weight of 12,303 daltons as determined by SDS-PAGE. It was found to be heat stable up to 60°C and had two pH optima of 7.5 and 9.0. The inhibitor exhibited non-competitive pattern of inhibition with a low Ki value of 0.2 μM. The inhibitor was found to be susceptible to varying concentrations of reducing agents like DTT and 2-mercaptoethanol, thereby indicating the role of disulphide bridges in maintaining its three dimensional structure and stability. The purified inhibitor caused mortality and suppressed larval growth of Pieris brassicae larvae. It was also found to be effective against gut trypsin extracted from Spodoptera littoralis. The sequence of the genes encoding for such inhibitors can be determined and the genes expressing protease inhibitors can be used in vegetable crops to confer resistance against insect pests and other plant pathogens. 相似文献
80.
Arup Mistri Usha Kumari Swati Mittal Ajay Kumar Mittal 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2020,49(1):67-79
A series of histochemical techniques have been employed to localize alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, non-specific esterase, catalase and peroxidase; and to visualize and characterize glycoprotein (GPs) moieties in the epithelium of gill arch, gill filaments and secondary lamellae of an angler catfish Chaca chaca. The epithelium of gill arch and gill filament shows strong alkaline phosphatase activity in the deeper layer epithelial cells; strong non-specific esterase activities in the outer layer epithelial cells; and weak acid phosphatase activity throughout the epithelium. The activity of these enzymes in the secondary lamellae is weak. The catalase and peroxidase show strong activities in the blood cells of the secondary lamellae. Various classes of GPs have been identified and characterized in the mucous secretions of the gill epithelium of C. chaca. These include—GPs with oxidizable vicinal diols, GPs with sialic acid residues without O-acyl substitution and GPs with O-sulphate esters. The functional significance of different enzymes in gill epithelium and the GPs in the mucus secreted on the surface has been discussed with the physiology of the gills in relation to the characteristic habit and habitat of the fish. 相似文献