Metabolic responses of juvenile GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to dietary L‐tryptophan supplementation     

Elangovan Prabu  Nathan Felix  Arumugam Uma  Baboonsundaram Ahilan  Cheryl Antony 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(5):1713-1723

A 60‐day indoor feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary tryptophan supplementation on growth performances, whole‐body chemical composition, expression of muscle growth‐related genes (MyoD, myogenin and myostatin), and haematological and biochemical responses of juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT). Five corn–soy‐based isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain graded levels of dietary tryptophan (2.6, 3.2, 3.7, 4.2 and 4.8 g/kg of diet). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 fish (5.3 ± 0.1 g) per experimental unit, which were fed thrice a day (9:00, 13:00 and 17:00 hr). Maximum growth performances and feed utilization were observed in fish fed tryptophan at 3.7 g/kg of diet. There was no significant (p > .05) effect on whole‐body composition and amino acid profile by dietary tryptophan supplementation. However, significant (p < .05) differences were observed in plasma metabolites and the mRNA expression of MyoD, myogenin and myostatin. Serum cortisol level was found significantly lowest in fish fed tryptophan at 3.7 g/kg of diet. Second‐order polynomial regression analysis of weight gain and nitrogen gain against dietary tryptophan levels indicated that the optimum dietary tryptophan requirement for maximum growth and feed utilization of juvenile GIFT tilapia was 3.8 g/kg of diet.  相似文献   

Identification of stable maintainer and fertility restorer lines for 'Polima' CMS in Brassica campestris     

J. K. Verma    Y. S. Sodhi    A. Mukhopadhyay    N. Arumugam    V. Gupta    D. Pental  A. K. Pradhan 《Plant Breeding》2000,119(1):90-92

‘Polima’ cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) was transferred from ‘Polima’ Brassica napus ‘ISN 706’to five different cultivars of Brassica campestris (‘Pusa kalyani’, ‘Pant toria’, ‘Candle’, ‘Tobin’ and ‘ATC 94211′) by repeated backcrossing. It was observed that, while ‘Polima’ CMS manifested complete and stable male sterility in the nuclear backgrounds of ‘Pusa kalyani’, ‘Pant toria’, and ‘Tobin’, the cultivars ‘Candle’ and ‘ATC 94211’possessed the restorer gene for this CMS in the heterozygous condition. An analysis of F₁ and F₂ generations of ‘Polima’‘Pusa kalyani’בCandle’ and ‘Polima’‘Pusa kalyani’בATC 94211’ revealed that restoration is controlled by a single dominant gene. Identification of stable maintainers and restorers of ‘Polima’ CMS could facilitate the development of hybrid varieties in B. campestris.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of total glucosinolate in crosses involving a high glucosinolate Indian variety and a low glucosinolate line of Brassica juncea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y. S. Sodhi    A. Mukhopadhyay    N. Arumugam    J. K. Verma    V. Gupta    D. Pental  A. K. Pradhan 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(6):508-511

Analysis of the glucosinolate content and composition by high‐pressure liquid chromatography indicated that varieties of Brassica juncea bred and grown in India have a high glucosinolate content characterized by the presence of 2‐propenyl (allyl) and 3‐butenyl as the major and 4‐pentenyl as the minor fractions. In contrast, the B. juncea germplasm from other countries is characterized by the presence of 2‐propenyl as the major glucosinolate fraction, trace amounts of 3‐butenyl and a total lack of the 4‐pentenyl types. In order to transfer the low glucosinolate trait to Indian B. juncea, the inheritance of total glucosinolates was investigated using doubled haploid (DH) populations derived from F1 (DH₁) and BC₁ (BC₁DH) of a cross between ‘Varuna’ (the most widely cultivated high glucosinolate variety of India) and ‘Heera’ (a non‐allyl type low glucosinolate line). A total of 752 DH₁ and 1263 BC₁DH gave rise to seven and 11 low glucosinolate (containing less than 18 μmol/g seed) individuals, respectively. On the basis of the frequency of the low glucosinolate individuals, the total glucosinolate was found to be under the control of seven genes. There was presence of both allyl and non‐allyl types in DH₁ and BC₁DH low‐glucosinolate individuals and absence of 3‐butenyl glucosinolate in some of the BC1DH low glucosinolate individuals, indicating segregation for these fractions in the population. The size of the segregating DH population proved to be crucial for precise determination of the number of genes controlling the trait. Because of the large number of genes involved, incorporation of low glucosinolate trait in Indian B. juncea should be approached through doubled haploid (DH) breeding.  相似文献   

Exogenous cholesterol prevents cryocapacitation-like changes,membrane fluidity,and enhances in vitro fertility in bubaline spermatozoa     

Jeetendra Singh Rajoriya  Jai Kishan Prasad  Snehal Shalik Ramteke  Ponraj Perumal  Arun Kumar De  Subrata Kumar Ghosh  Sadhan Bag  Archana Raje  Mahak Singh  Anuj Kumar  Arumugam Kumaresan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(6):726-736

A study was conducted to determine the optimum dosage of the exogenous cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins (CLC) to get maximum cryoprotection for bubaline spermatozoa. In the present study, 120 × 10⁶ spermatozoa were incubated in 2, 3 and 4 mg of CLC as grouped as Gr II, III and IV, respectively, and sperm progressive motility, intracellular Ca²⁺, capacitation status by protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP) assay and zona binding per cent (ZBP) and cleavage rate (CR) of the cryopreserved buffalo spermatozoa by in vitro fertility assay were assessed in comparison with an untreated control group (Gr I). Results revealed that there was a significant (p < .05) linear decrease in percentage of sperm population with higher intracellular Ca²⁺ and percentage of sperm population with medium or high capacitated by PTP in CLC treated from 2 to 3 mg and then increased to 4 mg/120 × 10⁶ spermatozoa whereas sperm progressive motility, percentage of sperm population with low capacitated, ZBP and CR were increased significantly (p < .05) in sperm population treated from 2 to 3 mg CLC and then decreased to 4 mg/120 × 10⁶ spermatozoa. The study has clearly indicated that CLC at 3 mg/120 × 10⁶ spermatozoa has maximum beneficial effects in protection of sperm progressive motility, membrane fluidity (low intracellular Ca²⁺); prevention of cryocapacitation (low capacitation pattern in immunolocalization) and enhancement of in vitro ZBP and CR. Post-thaw motility of the CLC-treated sperm has shown positively significant (p < .05) correlation with sperm population with low intracellular Ca²⁺, low capacitated sperm population, ZBP and CR, whereas it was negatively (p < .05) correlated with sperm population with high intracellular Ca²⁺, medium or high capacitated sperm. The present study has revealed for the first time that incubation of spermatozoa with CLC of higher dose (>3 mg/120 × 10⁶ spermatozoa) had adverse effects on sperm cryopreservation, although incubation of sperm with 3 mg/120 million prior to processing had minimised the freezing–thawing-associated damages in bubaline species.  相似文献   

ROC analysis of prepartum feeding time can accurately predict postpartum metritis development in HF crossbred cows     

Tapas Kumar Patbandha  Tushar Kumar Mohanty  Siddhartha Shankar Layek  Arumugam Kumaresan  Suresh C. Kantwa  R. Malhotra  A.P. Ruhil  Shiv Prasad 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(5):362-366

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is a useful statistical tool to visualize, organize, and select diagnostic variables. Accuracy of the test is represented by the area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity (Se), and specificity (Sp). In the present study, ROC analysis of prepartum feeding time (day ?11 to day ?2) of 20 pluriparous Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows were recorded, and the cows were followed up for detecting postpartum metritis development if any. Prepartum daily feeding time data during whole study was grouped into 2 periods (P1 [day ?11 to day ?7] and P2 [day ?6 to day ?2]). The AUC of feeding time for the P1 and P2 periods was 0.64 (P = 0.29) and 0.86 (P = 0.006), respectively. Cows with daily feeding times below the optimum threshold value of 284.5 min/d during P2 (Se = 75% and Sp = 91.67%) had more chance of developing postpartum metritis compared with those with daily feeding time above the threshold value (positive likelihood ratio = 9.0). Furthermore, relative risk (RR) analysis revealed that the risk of development of postpartum metritis increased as feeding time decreased below the optimum threshold value during P2 (RR = 5.571, P = 0.004). Thus, the optimum threshold value of feeding time during P2 may be used to predict risk of postpartum metritis, allowing for preventive measures to be implemented in the early postpartum period to reduce the likelihood of postpartum complications.  相似文献   

Marker‐assisted introgression of lpa2 locus responsible for low‐phytic acid trait into an elite tropical maize inbred (Zea mays L.)     

S. Sureshkumar  Paramasivam Tamilkumar  Arumugam U. Thangavelu  Natesan Senthil  Pothiraj Nagarajan  Sampthrajan Vellaikumar  Kalipatty N. Ganesan  Ramachandran Balagopal  Muthurajan Raveendran 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(5):566-578

Maize is an important food and feed crop worldwide. Phytic acid (PA), in maize kernel, is an antinutritional factor. PA chelates mineral cations and causes mineral deficiency in humans and phosphorous deficiency in animals. The undigested PA excreted by monogastric animals causes phosphorous eutrophication. Therefore, development of low‐phytate maize is indispensable. The low‐phytate locus (lpa2 allele) has been transferred from low‐phytate mutant line ‘EC 659418’ into an elite inbred UMI 395 through marker‐assisted backcross breeding (MABB). The MABB involved three backcrosses followed by two selfing steps, including ‘foreground selection’, that is, selecting lines with lpa2 allele with the help of a codominant SSR marker ‘umc2230’ and ‘background selection’, that is, selecting plants having genetic background similar to that of the recurrent parent using 50 codominant SSR markers. Two low‐phytate lpa2 lines with genome similar (>90% similarity) to that of recurrent parent have been identified. These lines can be used as parent in future hybridization programmes for obtaining low‐phytate high‐yielding maize hybrids.  相似文献   

Vulnerability of low temperature induced needle retention in balsam fir (Abies balsamea L.) to vapor pressure deficits     

Arumugam Thiagarajan  Rajasekaran Lada  Steeve Pepin  Charles Forney  Yves Desjardins  Martine Dorais 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2016,31(1):1-7

Low temperature (LT) exposure has been shown to delay postharvest needle abscission and senescence (NAS) in balsam fir and changes in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) are expected to alter these processes. Two and half year-old seedlings were exposed to a LT of 5°C for 15 days while the control (CT) group was maintained at 22°C. Seedlings were then exposed to four different VPD (0.22, 0.87, 1.3 and 1.86?kPa) and observed for relative water content (RWC), xylem pressure potential (XPP), membrane injury index (MII), stem capacitance (SC) and NAS. An interactive effect of LT and VPD was observed in RWC, XPP, MII and NAS. Low VPD (0.22 and 0.87?kPa) resulted in less negative XPP, lower electrolyte leakage, higher SC and ultimately higher NAS than those at high VPD. Maximum NAS was recorded at 0.22?kPa. At 1.86?kPa, LT had 5× lower RWC (13%), 3× more negative XPP (?1.1?MPa), 1.8× higher membrane damage and 35% lower NAS (47 days) than CT. The SC declined with an increase in VPD with no effect of LT. The XPP and RWC of LT seedlings showed a positive relationship with NAS with R² values of 0.54 and 0.59, respectively. LT offered no benefits to NAS at high VPD environments.  相似文献   

Responses of Bruguiera sexangula propagules to beneficial microbes in the nursery     

Arumugam Karthikeyan  Natchimuthu Balasubramaniam Sivapriya 《林业研究》2018,(4)

Bruguiera sexangula(Lour) Poir., a threatened mangrove tree, was inoculated with beneficial microbes in a nursery to assess any improvements in growth and biomass.From soil samples from the rhizosphere of B.sexangula in a mangrove forest in Panangadu of Kerala India, nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense were isolated.The phosphatesolubilising bacterium Bacillus megaterium and potassiummobilizing bacteria Frateruria aurantia were also isolated and cultured on suitable media.Later, ripe propagules of B.sexangula were collected from matured trees and raised in sterilized soil bags(13×25 cm) containing sterilized soil and sand(2:1 ratio).The cultured beneficial microbes were propagated and used to inoculate the ripe propagules of B.sexangula and maintained in the nursery for 6 months.After 6 months, growth and biomass of the inoculated propagules were greater than for the uninoculated control propagules.Shoot length, number of leaves, stem girth and root length were also significantly greater than in the controls.This study showed that the mangrove-specific beneficial microbes influenced the growth of B.sexangula in the nursery and will help in the establishment of B.sexangula in degraded mangrove forests.  相似文献