The many faces of Mott cells     

Paola Cazzini  Victoria Elizabeth Watson  Holly Moore Brown 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2013,42(2):125-126

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Revision of food-based dietary guidelines for Ireland, Phase 2: recommendations for healthy eating and affordability     

Flynn MA  O'Brien CM  Ross V  Flynn CA  Burke SJ 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(3):527-537

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Addressing the Dilemmas of Measuring Amylose in Rice     

Melissa A. Fitzgerald  Christine J. Bergman  Adoracion P. Resurreccion  Jürgen Mller  Rosario Jimenez  Russell F. Reinke  Margrit Martin  Pedro Blanco  Federico Molina  Ming‐Hsuan Chen  Victoria Kuri  Marissa V. Romero  Fatemeh Habibi  Takayuki Umemoto  Supanee Jongdee  Eduardo Graterol  K. Radhika Reddy  Priscila Zaczuk Bassinello  Rajeswari Sivakami  N. Shobha Rani  Sanjukta Das  Ya Jane Wang  Siti Dewi Indrasari  Asfaliza Ramli  Rauf Ahmad  Sharifa S. Dipti  Lihong Xie  Nguyen Thi Lang  Pratibha Singh  Dmaso Castillo Toro  Fatemeh Tavasoli  Christian Mestres 《Cereal Chemistry》2009,86(5):492-498

Amylose content is a parameter that correlates with the cooking behavior of rice. It is measured at the earliest possible stages of rice improvement programs to enable breeders to build the foundations of appropriate grain quality during cultivar development. Amylose is usually quantified by absorbance of the amylose‐iodine complex. The International Network for Quality Rice (INQR) conducted a survey to determine ways that amylose is measured, reproducibility between laboratories, and sources of variation. Each laboratory measured the amylose content of a set of 17 cultivars of rice. The study shows that five different versions of the iodine binding method are in use. The data show that repeatability was high within laboratories but reproducibility between laboratories was low. The major sources of variability were the way the standard curve was constructed and the iodine binding capacity of the potato amylose used to produce the standard. Reproducibility is much lower between laboratories using a standard curve of potato amylose alone compared with those using calibrated rice cultivars. This study highlights the need to standardize the way amylose is measured, and presents research avenues for doing so.  相似文献   

Recent decline and potential distribution in the last remnant area of the microendemic Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)     

Victoria Contreras 《Biological conservation》2009,142(12):2881-2885

Native populations of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), a microendemic salamander from Central Mexico, have seen alarming decline in the last decades owing to habitat loss caused by urban growth. The last remnant of its distribution is in a highly heterogeneous urban-rural water system in the Xochimilco region, at the southern edge of Mexico City. We developed a model of the species local distribution based on its ecological niche, using occurrence data and ad hoc limnetic variables via the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Production (GARP), to identify suitable areas for the species and prioritize conservation efforts. Results indicated that potential distribution of the axolotl in Xochimilco is limited to 11 sites in six reduced, isolated, and scattered areas, located mostly in zones where traditional agriculture (chinampas) is the primary land use. Recent surveys found only a single organism in the whole study region, in one of the predicted sites, suggesting a critical situation for the long-term survival of the axolotl in the wild, and demanding urgent actions toward habitat and population restoration. This study also illustrates the utility of niche modeling approaches for aquatic systems at a fine scale.  相似文献   

Response of soil enzymes to Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) addition in soil microcosms     

María del Mar Sánchez-Peinado  María Victoria Martínez-Toledo  Jesús González-López  Clementina Pozo 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(1):69-76

Soil enzymatic activities (phosphatases, arylsulphatase and dehydrogenase) were measured in microcosm systems designed for the study of the impact of a commercial mixture of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) homologues on a xerofluvent agricultural soil. The soil microcosms consisted of glass columns filled with 800 g of dry soil which were fed with sterile commercial LAS solutions at concentrations of 10 or 50 mg l⁻¹ for periods of time up to 21 days. A soil microcosm fed with sterile distilled water was included in this study and considered as control. Our results showed that the continuous application of the anionic surfactant to soil increased the values of the enzymes acid and alkaline phosphatases and arylsulphatase. On the contrary, the dehydrogenase activity was decreased by the continuous application of 10 or 50 mg l⁻¹ LAS when compared with control microcosms. In addition, a statistically negative correlation was found between this enzymatic activity in the upper portion of the soil columns amended with LAS and the viable counts of heterotrophic aerobic microorganisms. Moreover, in order to test the influence of LAS on nutrient availability and, consequently, on bacteria populations and soil biological activities, phosphate concentration was regularly determined in the microcosm leachates. The phosphate concentration tested in the leachate of the microcosm continuously amended with 50 mg l⁻¹ LAS solution was significantly lower than the concentrations detected in the leachate of the microcosms continuously amended with 10 mg l⁻¹ LAS throughout the experiment.  相似文献   

In vitro-Untersuchung einer möglichen fungistatischen Wirkung des Sekrets der Weinbergschnecke (Helix pomatia,Helix aspersa) auf Botrytis cinerea     

Victoria Schneider  Friedrich-Karl Lücke  Marc Birringer 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2016,68(2):89-97

In viticulture practices, technical cultivation practices and application of fungicides, specifically named botryticides, are important to control the grey mold, Botrytis cinerea. While conventional disease control is based upon applications of fungicides, options for controlling of grey mold in organic viticulture is limited. Resistance of the fungus and multiple drug resistance (MDR) require development of new disease control strategies. In vivo observation showed a reduced grey mold infection of grapes if covered with slime from garden snail. Hence, snail slime, commercial lectin (Helix aspersa agglutinin, HAA) from garden snail and bacteria isolated from snail slime were tested for antifungal or antagonistic activities against B. cinereain vitro. Furthermore, fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled Helix-lectin (FITC-HPA) was used to detect terminal N?acetyl-galactosamine residues (GalNAc) on fungal cell wall surface. In our experiments, neither slime (after sterile filtration) nor commercial lectin nor slime bacteria were found to affect spore germination and mycelial growth. Binding of lectin was found to depend on media and age of the fungal mycelium.  相似文献   

Evaluation of chemical and biological seed treatments to control charcoal rot of soybean     

Sebastian Reznikov  Gabriel R. Vellicce  Victoria González  Vicente de Lisi  Atilio P. Castagnaro  L. Daniel Ploper 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2016,82(5):273-280

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Role of two UDP-Glycosyltransferases from the L group of arabidopsis in resistance against pseudomonas syringae     

Benoît Boachon  Jordi Gamir  Victoria Pastor  Matthias Erb  John V. Dean  Víctor Flors  Brigitte Mauch-Mani 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(4):707-720

The role of the salicylic acid (SA) glycosides SA 2-O-β-D-glucose (SAG), SA glucose ester (SGE) and the glycosyl transferases UGT74F1 and UGT74F2 in the establishment of basal resistance of Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst) was investigated. Both mutants altered in the corresponding glycosyl transferases (ugt74f1 and ugt74f2) were affected in their basal resistance against Pst. The mutant ugt74f1 showed enhanced susceptibility, while ugt74f2 showed enhanced resistance against the same pathogen. Both mutants have to some extent, altered levels of SAG and SGE compared to wild type plants, however, in response to the infection, ugt74f2 accumulated higher levels of free SA until 24 hpi compared to wild type plants while ugt74f1 accumulated lower SA levels. These SA levels correlated well with reduced expression in PR1 and EDS1 in ugt74f1. In contrast, ugt74f2 has enhanced expression of Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) but a strong reduction in the expression of several jasmonate (JA)-dependent genes. Bacterial infection interfered with the expression of Fatty Acid Desaturase (FAD), Lipoxygenase2 (LOX2), carboxyl methyltransferase1 (BSMT1) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED3) genes in ugt74f1, thus promoting an antagonistic effect with SA-signalling and leading to enhanced bacterial growth. UGT74F2 might be a target for bacterial effectors since bacterial mutants affected in effector synthesis were impaired in inducing UGT74F2 expression. These results suggest that UGT74F2 negatively influences the accumulation of free SA, hence leading to an increased susceptibility due to reduced SA levels and increased expression of the JA and ABA markers LOX-2, FAD and NCED-3.  相似文献   

Testing source-sink theory: the spill-over of mussel recruits beyond marine protected areas     

Adam Ludford  Victoria J. Cole  Francesca Porri  Christopher D. McQuaid  Motebang D. V. Nakin  Johan Erlandsson 《Landscape Ecology》2012,27(6):859-868

Source-sink theory has contributed to our understanding of the function of protected areas, particularly due to their role as population sources. Marine reserves are a preferred management tool for the conservation of natural populations, creating areas of good quality habitat and thus improving population connectivity by enhancing larval supply and recruitment among shores. Despite recent advances in the study of protected areas in the context of the source-sink theory, rigorous and empirical testing of marine reserves as metapopulation sources for the adjacent areas remain largely unexplored. We investigated the role of marine reserves as population sources, whether there was spill-over beyond the reserve boundaries and if so, whether spill-over was directional. We measured percentage cover and recruitment of mussels (Perna perna) at two reserves and two comparably sized exploited control areas on the south-east coast of South Africa where unprotected populations are severely affected by artisanal exploitation. Adult abundances were enhanced within reserves, but decreased towards their edges. We predicted that recruitment would mirror adult abundances and show directionality, with northern shores having greater recruitment following the prevalent northward flow of near-shore currents. There were, however, no correlations between adult abundances and recruitment for any months or shores, and no clear spatial patterns in recruitment (i.e. similar patterns occurred at reserves and controls). The results emphasise that, while reserves may act as important refuges by protecting adult abundances, their influence on promoting recovery of near-by exploited shores through larval spill-over may be overestimated.  相似文献   

Subtotal vaginectomy for management of extensive vaginal disease in 11 dogs     

Nelissen P  White RA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(4):495-500

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