Nitrogen Fractions and Release in the Sediments from the Shallow Lakes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Area, China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Shengrui Wang  Xiangcan Jin  Lixin Jiao  Fengchang Wu 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,187(1-4):5-14

Different nitrogen (N) fractions from 14 sediments from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River area before and after N release experiments were investigated, and the content of different N fractions, and contribution of different N fractions to the N released from sediments were also studied. Ion-exchangeable form (IEF–N), carbonate form (CF–N), iron-manganese oxide form (IMOF–N) and organic matter-sulfide form (OSF–N) accounted for 2.72～17.67%, 0.47～4.43%, 1.18～3.49% and 31.05 to 71.61% to total N, respectively. The N released was higher than 50% from IEF–N, approximately 35% from OSF–N, 6 and 8% from CF–N and IMOF–N on the average. Approximately 27.32～70.02% of IEF–N, 10.37～32.11% of CF–N, 11.37～33.43% IMOF–N and 2.02～8.19% OSF–N were released. For the sediments that were slightly polluted, IEF–N was the main N fraction that may be released and its contribution to total N released was more than 63.07%, for the sediments that TN was higher than 3,540.27 mg·kg^?1, OSF–N would become the main N fraction that can be released and its contribution to total N released was more than 45%.  相似文献   

灌排调控的稻田排水中氮素浓度变化规律   总被引：4，自引：8，他引：4  

彭世彰  张正良  罗玉峰  缴锡云  孙勇 《农业工程学报》2009,25(9):21-26

基于农田排水氮素浓度及湿地进出口断面总氮（TN）、氨态氮（NH4+-N）、硝态氮（NO3--N）浓度的监测,研究了灌溉排水措施以及沟塘湿地对农田排水中氮素浓度变化的影响。结果表明,控制灌溉的水稻全生育期稻田排水中TN、NH4+-N和NO3--N浓度分别较常规灌溉处理低12.08%、20.33%和13.51%;控制排水处理下稻田排水中TN、NH4+-N和NO3--N浓度分别较常规排水处理低2.21%、7.08%和20.92%;湿地出口水体中TN、NH4+-N和NO3--N浓度分别比入口降低了16.8%、14.4%和50.9%,湿地水体中TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N浓度随时间近似服从指数函数衰减趋势。控制灌溉、控制排水及沟渠塘湿地系统的调控措施对农田排水中氮素的净化效果比较显著。  相似文献   

万州区农村居民点空间布局特征与调控     

周霖  黄云  廖铁军  张娇 《土壤通报》2017,(4):800-808

以重庆市万州区为例,借助Arc GIS、Geo Da、Fragtats软件,运用探索性空间数据分析、空间韵律测度及多维特征组合方法,分析研究区农村居民点空间分布、规模和形态,探索居民点布局类型及优化路径。结果表明:(1)在空间分布上,呈"西密东稀"的分布格局;(2)在规模结构上,农村居民点间呈正的空间自相关性,但相关程度较低,西部存在多个低值集簇区,东部多随机分布;(3)离城镇、河流、交通近的区域居民点分布多,形状指标也较大;(4)通过多维度特征组合方法,将万州区农村居民点划分为18种布局形式,以中等规模-形态规整-优势区位、大规模-形态规整-优势区位为主,并从发展模式、基础建设、生态涵养等方面提出相应的优化调控路径。  相似文献   

小盐芥 TsPIP1;1 与 TsTIP1;1 基因增强转基因水稻耐盐性     

李伟  韩娇  黄升财  何蕊  王冰  程宪国 《植物营养与肥料学报》2017,23(4):957-963

【目的】为更好地了解植物水通道蛋白盐胁迫下的调节作用,对小盐芥质膜内在蛋白TsPIP1;1及液泡膜内在蛋白TsTIP1;1在转基因水稻中的盐胁迫生理响应机制进行探究,旨在为水通道蛋白在耐盐作物分子改良育种中的应用提供理论支撑。【方法】以野生型 (WT) 与 T3 代转 TsPIP1;1 及 TsTIP1;1 基因水稻为材料,进行了水培试验,并设置了 0、100、200 mmol/L NaCl 处理。处理一周后,分别测定水稻的光合参数、株高、生物量、相对含水量、失水率及钾、钠含量。【结果】在盐胁迫处理下,与野生型相比,转基因水稻的生物量和含水量明显增加,渗透势和失水率显著降低。转 TsPIP1;1 及 TsTIP1;1 基因水稻根部及地上部的 Na+ 含量都显著降低,K+ 在转基因株系中的累积显著高于野生型,降低了体内 Na+/K+ 比,并且能够保持更强的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率。在 200 mmol/L NaCl 处理下,与野生型相比,TsTIP-5、TsTIP-7 及 TsPIP-19 的株高分别高出 8.2%、11.6%、4.9%;单株干重分别高出 17.9%、23.9%、16.9%;地上部 Na+/K+ 比分别降低 24.3%、24.4%、24.8%;根部 Na+/K+ 比分别降低 29.6%、27.5%、32.4%;渗透势分别显著降低了 18.3%、19.4%、30.3%;相对含水量分别增加了 5.8%、5.5%、5.4%;净光合速率分别增加了50.4%、 78.5%、56.2%。【结论】TsPIP1;1 及 TsTIP1;1 增强了转基因水稻的光合呼吸作用,通过降低植物体内 Na+/K+ 比,参与植物细胞的渗透调节,提高了细胞持水能力,促进转基因水稻的生长发育,增强了水稻的耐盐性。  相似文献   

GmFW1 expression decreased in GmSymRK knockdown transgenic soybean roots     

Lijun Wang  Lingwei Deng  Yongqing Jiao 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2017,67(1):28-36

SymRK and GmFWL1 both play important roles in nodulation. However, during symbiotic development, the details of Nod factor signaling association with the regulation of cell division in nodules are unknown. SymRK, the immediately downstream component of these Nod factor receptors, is central to the Nod factor signaling cascade. In this study, specified RNAi plasmid of GmSymRK was constructed and transformed into soybean roots by agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation. We found that the nodule number decreased substantially in GmSymRK knockdown soybean transgenic roots. Further to study the relationship between GmFWL1 and Nod factor signaling, we analyzed the GmFWL1 expression levels in the GmSymRK RNAi soybean transgenic roots and found that rhizobia inoculation led to substantially reduced GmFWL1 expression in GmSymRK RNAi soybean transgenic roots. Our studies showed that the regulation of cell division was affected by Nod factor signaling during nodule development in soybean, which provides important information toward understanding the functions of GmSymRK and GmFWL1 in symbiotic signaling and nodule development.  相似文献   

Impacts of natural polymer derivative neutral polysaccharide Jag S and cationic hydroxypropyl polysaccharide Jag C162 on rainfall infiltration on an experimental loess hillslope     

Li Yuan-Yuan  Wu Bing  Liu Jun-E  Jiao Nian 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(2):244-252

ABSTRACT

Developing effective measures to improve soil structure and increase soil infiltration in the Loess Plateau located in arid and semiarid areas is important for soil and water conservation. Simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to determine the effects of two new natural polymer derivatives, namely neutral polysaccharide (Jag S) and cationic hydroxypropyl polysaccharide (Jag C162), on rainfall infiltration and their underlying mechanisms. The proportions of different sizes of water-stable soil aggregates were analyzed after spraying four different concentrations (0, 1, 3, and 5 g m^?2) of Jag S and Jag C162 under rainfall intensities of 1, 1.5, and 2 mm min^?1 and a slope gradient of 15°. Treatments with Jag S and Jag C162 significantly improved the rainfall infiltration rates (IRs) compared with the control. Moreover, applying 1 and 3 g m^?2 Jag S effectively increased the IRs by 22.81% and 13.69%, respectively. Treatment with Jag C162 also increased the rainfall IRs by 39.47%, 46.59%, and 46.50%. Furthermore, the content of >0.25 mm water-stable soil aggregates increased from 27.19% to 90.42% before rainfall and from 9% to 50% after rainfall. Compared with Jag C 162, treatment with Jag S was less effective on improving rainfall infiltration and aggregate content. In particularly, application of 5 g m^?2 Jag S improved the soil aggregate content but weakened rainfall infiltration because of the higher viscidity and consistency of the Jag S solution. Overall, spraying appropriate amounts of Jag C162 and Jag S on the loess slope surface can increase the water-stable soil aggregate content, resulting in improved rainfall infiltration and reduced soil erosion. Thus, application of two new natural polymer derivatives is a possible alternative conservation practice in the Loess Plateau.  相似文献   

美国豆芋花总皂苷制备及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性     

谭娇  丁兰  蔡仁祥  许光治  倪勤学  张有做 《核农学报》2017,31(7)

为高效利用美国豆芋花皂苷类化合物,以皂苷得率和纯度为指标,研究美国豆芋花总皂苷的提取工艺及大孔树脂纯化工艺,并对制备的美国豆芋花总皂苷的抗氧化及α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制能力进行研究。结果表明,美国豆芋花总皂苷的提取工艺为提取溶剂90%乙醇,料液比1∶20,温度70℃,提取时间2 h。得到的提取物石油醚脱脂后用水饱和正丁醇萃取,D-101大孔树脂吸附柱纯化的工艺为上样皂苷质量浓度1 mg·m L~(-1),上样量40 m L·g~(-1)树脂,洗脱剂为80%乙醇(pH值6),洗脱剂用量4 BV(树脂柱体积)。制备的美国豆芋花总皂苷样得率4.24%,纯度达65.35%,比粗提物(纯度15.27%)提高了约3倍;抗氧化性能(清除DPPH和ABTS自由基IC50值分别为51.08、29.24μg·m L~(-1))和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制能力(IC50值为83.62μg·m L~(-1))也均优于粗提物(清除DPPH、ABTS自由基IC50值分别为286.51、69.92μg·m L~(-1),α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制浓度(IC50)值为1 043.57μg·m L~(-1)),表明该工艺可用于高活性美国豆芋花总皂苷的富集和纯化。此外,美国豆芋花总皂苷抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制类型为竞争型抑制,抑制常数为49.68μg·m L~(-1)。本研究结果为开发具有降血糖功能的医药中间体或功能性食品提供了新资源和实践基础。  相似文献   

地市级农科所以科技创新推动地方产业发展的实践与思考 ——以江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所为例     

焦隽  施建德  姜坚坚  杨艳霞  蒋文林  吴宏亚  雪峰 《农业科技管理》2021,40(2):77-80

文章以江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所为例,总结了其以科技创新推动地方产业发展的实践经验,分析了地市级农科所以科技创新推动地方产业发展存在的问题,如农业科技创新投入强度偏低、科研成果与市场脱节、农业科研与科技推广不能有效衔接等,并从加大对基层科研单位的科研投入力度、发挥市场和政府等多元化主体作用、优化农技推广服务体系、转变传统科技创新思路等方面提出了有针对性的建议,以期推动科技创新与产业发展深度融合。  相似文献   

木薯淀粉分支酶SBEⅠ反义基因遗传转化木薯的研究     

郭运玲  孔华  尹奇  左娇  黄启星  贺立卡  郭安平 《中国农学通报》2013,29(9):149-154

旨在获得转淀粉分支酶反义SBEⅠ基因的‘华南木薯8号’转基因植株,为利用转基因技术改良木薯淀粉品质打下基础。在建立了木薯从胚状体子叶到完整植株的再生体系的基础上,用块根特异表达启动子Sporamin驱动的木薯淀粉分支酶SBEⅠ反义基因,通过农杆菌介导法对‘华南木薯8号’进行遗传转化。共接种‘华南木薯8号’子叶517块,获得7株生长良好的转化再生植株,转化再生频率达到1.35%。经PCR检测,其中5株转化再生植株扩增出目的条带,初步证实木薯淀粉分支酶SBEⅠ反义基因已整合进了‘华南木薯8号’基因组中。通过农杆菌介导法可以将淀粉分支酶SBEⅠ反义基因导入到‘华南木薯8号’基因组中,获得了5株转基因植株。  相似文献   

不同种植密度对高粱生长、产量及养分吸收的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

王劲松 杨楠董二伟  王立革武爱莲丁玉川  白文斌焦晓燕 《中国农学通报》2013,29(36):253-258

为了明确密度与高粱[Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]农艺和经济性状以及养分吸收的关系,以‘晋杂23号’高粱为试验作物,采用大田试验方法,试验设4.5万株/hm2、7.5万株/hm2、10.5万株/hm2和13.5万株/hm2 4个种植密度,研究了不同种植密度对高粱生长、产量、产量构成因素以及养分吸收的影响。结果表明,随着密度增加,高粱株高显著增高,茎粗显著变细,单株叶面积和单株干重显著下降。在4.5万株/hm2~7.5万株/hm2范围内,籽粒产量随着密度增加呈显著性增加。密度在4.5万株/hm2~10.5万株/hm2时,单位面积穗数随密度增加呈显著性增加。随着密度增加,穗粒数显著性增加,而千粒重影响不显著。除磷以外,密度对高粱氮和钾吸收总量均无显著影响。密度对籽粒氮吸收量没有显著影响;在10.5万株/hm2~13.5万株/hm2范围内,磷和钾吸收量明显下降。与氮和磷不同,钾主要分配在秸秆中,只有少量钾转运到籽粒中。相关分析表明,种植密度与株高、生物产量、籽粒产量和单位面积穗数呈显著性正相关,而与茎粗、单株叶面积、单株干重、经济系数、穗粒数和千粒重呈显著性负相关。本研究表明,种植密度与高粱主要农艺和经济性状以及养分吸收息息相关,在高粱高产高效栽培中起着非常重要的作用。  相似文献