Construction and characterization of a BAC library for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nehir Özdemir  Renate Horn  Wolfgang Friedt 《Euphytica》2004,138(2):177-183

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed using the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) restorer line RHA325, which carries the restorer gene Rf1 and the Pl2-gene conferring resistance to downy mildew. High molecular weight DNA was prepared from nuclei using leaf material from two-week old seedlings. The library was constructed using the HindIII site of pBeloBAC11. The current BAC library comprises 104,736 clones. The insert size of the clones varied between 20 and 270 kb, with an average insert size of 60 kb. The whole 1.9× sunflower BAC library was spotted in duplicate on four high-density filters, each carrying 55,296 clones. The content of organellar DNA, which was estimated by colony hybridisation against the mitochondrial probe coxI and the chloroplast probe rbcL, proved to be less than 0.03 and 0.1%, respectively. BAC pools, allowing PCR-based screening, were made and used to identify positive BAC clones for the markers OP-K13_454, closely linked to the restorer gene Rf1. The PCR-based screening was verified by the results obtained for this marker by colony hybridisation.  相似文献   

Kupferaufnahme aus sproßapplizierten Kupferpräparaten durch Weizenpflanzen     

Jrg Ruppe  Wolfgang Podlesak 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1992,155(1):39-42

Copper uptake from foliar applied copper sources by wheat plants Cu uptake of young wheat plants from foliar applied Cu sources such as Cu sulfate, Cu oxide chloride, Cu EDTA, and Cu lignosulphonate was studied over periods of 48 hours. Compared to Cu oxide chloride, Cu uptake from the remaining Cu compounds was approximately 3 times higher. Additives increased the adhesion of the Cu sources and supported Cu uptake. In pot experiments with Cu deficient soil, foliar applied Cu lignosulphonate with the addition of alkylphenolpolyglycolether, urea and sucrose was the most efficient Cu source. Splitting of the total Cu amount into two doses applied in intervals of 24 hours was the most effective treatment. In this case, grain yield was 90% of that obtained in the same soil with adequate Cu supply.  相似文献   

Historical Contaminated Sediments and Soils at the River Basin Scale     

Ulrich?F?rstnerEmail author  Susanne?Heise  René?Schwartz  Bernhard?Westrich  Wolfgang?Ahlf 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2004,4(4):247-260

Background, Aims, and Scope  

Data from the Elbe River and its tributaries indicate, despite extensive improvement in water quality during the last 15 years, that the respective sediment situation of many priority pollutants has not reached an acceptable level. For the coming decades, risks for downstream sites and stakeholders will persist, mainly due to secondary sources originating from historical pollution of soils and sediments in the catchment area. In practice, a catchment-wide assessment of historical contaminated soil and sediment should apply a three-step approach: (i) Identification of substances of concern (s.o.c.) and their classification into ’hazard classes of compounds’; (ii) identification of areas of concern (a.o.c.) and their classification into ‘hazard classes of sites’; (iii) identification of areas of risk (a.o.r.) and their assessment relative to each other with regard to the probability of polluting the sediments in the downstream reaches. The conversion of this concept has to consider the underlying philosophy of the EU Water Framework Directive, particularly with respect to the analysis and monitoring of priority substances in solid matrices. However, major deficiencies are still in the assessment and prognosis of resuspension processes, and potential approaches to fill this gap are described both in theory and from examples of the Elbe River.  相似文献   

Decomposition of atmospheric hydrogen by soil microorganisms and soil enzymes     

Ralf Conrad  Wolfgang Seiler 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1981,13(1):43-49

The decomposition of atmospheric hydrogen in different types of soil was measured. The decomposition of H₂ was apparently a first-order reaction. H₂ decomposition activity was proportional to the amount of soil with maximum activities at soil water contents of approx. 6–11% (w/w). The activity was lower under anaerobic conditions, but was constant between 1–20% O₂. It was destroyed by autoclaving and was partially inactivated by fumigation with NH₃, CHC1₃ or acetone, by u.v. irradiation and by treatment with NaCN or NaN₃, indicating that biological processes in the soil were responsible for the observed H₂ decomposition. Treatment of soil with toluene or CHCl₃ caused only a partial inactivation. Incubation of soil in the presence of streptomycin or actidione reduced H₂ decomposition by less than 50%, whereas CO consumption was abolished. The H₂ decomposition rates showed H₂ saturation curves with apparent Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Cooperative effects were not observed. V_max was reached at approx. 200 μl1^?1. The K_m values for H₂ were in the range of 30μl 1^?1, but increased to higher values, when the soil had been pretreated with high H₂ mixing ratios. Apparently, the observed H₂ decomposition by soil is not only due to the activity of viable microorganisms, but soil enzymes as well.  相似文献   

Chemical changes of beech litter during passage through the gut of the lumbricid earthworm Eisenia fetida (SAV.)     

Frank Ziegler  Wolfgang Zech 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1992,155(1):69-70

Casts of the lumbricid earthworm species E. fetida were investigated by means of chemical analyses and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and compared to the beech litter used as food. The casts are characterized by slightly reduced C-to-N ratios, higher ash contents and lower polysaccharide and lignin concentrations in comparison with the litter material. These differences between casts and litter are very small, ranging from 1 to 7%, and are not supported by any statistical evidence. In addition, NMR and Py-FIMS data complete the picture of E. fetida casts as almost exclusively physically altered (i.e. comminuted) plant residues.  相似文献   

Die Typen der Ringfasziation und die Röhrenverbänderung beiPrimula     

Wolfgang R. Müller-Stoll  Heinz Schlüter 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1986,34(2):229-240

Zusammenfassung Zunächst werden die bisher bekannten Ringfasziationen in drei Gruppen eingeteilt, nämlich den Normal-Typus, auch Kanal- oderOenothera-Typus genannt, zu welchem der überwiegende Teil der Ringfasziationen gehört, der Trichter- oderPisum-Typus und schließlich der Röhren- oderPrimula-Typus. Ringfasziationen werden stets durch Invaginationen gebildet. Es werden Angaben zur Morphologie und vor allem zur Anatomie der röhrigen Fasziation vonPrimula malacoides gemacht. Der innere Leitbündelring hat keine Verbindung zum äußeren Leitbündelring und zum Wurzelsystem; beiPrimula hat das innere System jedoch Verbindung mit der Tracheidenplatte im Boden der Röhren.

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The types of ring-fasciation and tube-fasciation inPrimula

Summary At first the ring fasciation as hitherto known are divided in three groups, namely the normal type, named also the channal- orOenothera-type, to which belong the prevailing parts of such fasciations, the funnal- orPisum-type and finally the tupe- orPrimula-type. Ring fasciations are always formed by invagination. It becomes some statements on morphology and above all on anatomy ofPrimula malacoides. The inner ring of leading elements has no joining to the outer ring of leading elements of the root system; inPrimula the inner ring however has joining with the plate of tracheids in the bottom of the tube.

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Primula

: , Oenothera, ; Pisum , , Primula. . , , Primula malacoides. , , Primula

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Effects of deforestation on contents and distribution of amino sugars within particle-size fractions of mountain soils     

María-Belén Turrión  Bruno Glaser  Wolfgang Zech 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2002,35(1):49-53

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Improved bondability of wax-treated wood following plasma treatment     

Georg Avramidis  Gunthard Scholz  Evelyn Nothnick  Holger Militz  Wolfgang Viöl  Arndt Wolkenhauer 《Wood Science and Technology》2011,45(2):359-368

In this study, the impact of a plasma treatment using dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure on wax-treated beech was investigated by surface energy determination and adhesion tests. Measurements of the surface energy revealed a strong increase in surface polarity along with increased surface energy as a result of the plasma treatment, pointing to increased adhesion properties. To evaluate the adhesion properties of a polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive on beech treated with montan ester wax and synthetic Fischer–Tropsch wax, a special peel test was applied. This peel test provided evidence of increased adhesion of the PVAc after plasma treatment of both materials investigated.  相似文献   

Zum jahreszeitlichen Nitratgehalt und zur Nitratauswaschung von landwirtschaftlich genutzten Böden in Baden-Württemberg     

Hildegard Glz-Huwe  Wolfgang Simon  Bernd Huwe  Rienk R. van Der Ploeg 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1989,152(3):273-280

Seasonal nitrate content in, and nitrate leaching from, agricultural soils of Baden-Wuerttemberg The behavior of soil nitrate was investigated at five field locations in the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg between 1984 and 1987. It was found that the amount of nitrate in the upper 90 cm of soil was not a constant, but fluctuated throughout the year with maxima in the spring and in the fall. Additionally, it was found that the amount of nitrate leaching during winter (from November through April) was correlated to, but not identical with the mineral nitrogen content of the previous fall. It further appeared that nitrate leaching in light sandy soils is mainly a mixing process, whereas in heavy soils it seems to be more a miscible displacement phenomenon.  相似文献   

Distribution pattern of total lipids and lipid fractions in forest humus     

Frank Ziegler  Wolfgang Zech 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1989,152(3):287-290

Mull, moder, and mor humus profiles were investigated for their total lipid contents and the behaviour of lipid-phosphorus and of five neutral lipid classes identified by HPTLC. The quantitative distribution of total and neutral lipids among the humus types is, besides by natural differences between the various parent litter materials, mainly controlled by soil physicochemical properties. In particular strongly acidic conditions, i.e. conditions corresponding to a reduced biological activity, inhibit significantly the decomposition of lipid compounds in (moder and) mor humus. A feature of the lipid depth functions is the input of microbial and root litter-derived lipid material in the fermentation layers and a considerable lipid accumulation in the A horizons, probably at least partly due to mechanical transport processes. Phospholipids show no distinct variation dependent on the humus type, as far as the organic layers are concerned. But obviously, lipid-P in the mineral, soil is closely correlated with, and therefore is a valuable measure for, the overall biological activity increasing from mor to moder and mull humus.  相似文献