Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Expression in Vitro is Reduced in the Presence of β-Chemokines,MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wright SM  Mleczko A  Coats KS 《Veterinary research communications》2002,26(3):239-250

The inhibition of HIV expression in vitro by a cocktail of the -chemokines MIP-1, MIP-1 and RANTES provided the initial evidence that HIV utilizes chemokine receptors as co-receptors for infection of cells. Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), a lentivirus, infects a wide variety of leukocyte populations, but the cellular receptor(s) utilized by this virus for infection of cells is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine whether MIP-1, MIP-1 and RANTES affect BIV expression in vitro, as a prelude to identifying the cellular receptors utilized by this virus. Fetal bovine lung (FBL) cells were pretreated with serial dilutions of a cocktail of the chemokines, and then the cells were infected with BIV. Virus expression in these cells was determined by counting the syncytia that had developed in the cultures by five days after infection. A significant decrease in syncytium formation, corresponding to increasing concentrations of the chemokines, was the result. Reacting the chemokines with chemokine-specific neutralizing antibodies prior to treatment of the cells neutralized the effect of the chemokines on virus replication in a dose-dependent manner, restoring viral expression to a level similar to that of untreated cells. The presence of a CCR5 homologue on the surface of FBL cells was confirmed using an anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibody and FACS analysis. Collectively, these data provide preliminary evidence that BIV may utilize the CCR5 receptor for infection of cells in vitro, but additional studies are necessary to confirm this.  相似文献   

Biomass management and energy     

R. Neil Sampson  Lynn L. Wright  Jack K. Winjum  John D. Kinsman  John Benneman  Ernst Kürsten  J. M. O. Scurlock 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1993,70(1-4):139-159

The impact of managing biomass specifically for the conservation or production of energy can become a significant factor in the global management of atmopsheric CO₂ over the next century. This paper evaluates the global potential for: (1) conserving energy by using trees and wood for shading, shelterbelts, windbreaks, and construction material; and (2) increasing the use of biomass and improving its conversion efficiency for producing heat, electricity, and liquid biofuels. The potential reduction in CO₂ emissions possible by the anticipated time of atmospheric CO₂ doubling was estimated to be up to 50×10⁶t C yr^?1 for energy conservation and as high as 4×10⁹ t C yr^?1 for energy production. Of the many opportunities, two stand out. Through afforestation of degraded and deforested lands, biomass energy production offers the potential of 0.36 to 1.9×10⁹t C yr^?1 emission reduction. Dedicated energy crops, which include short-rotation woody crops, herbaceous energy crops, halophytes, some annual crops, and oilseeds, offer the potential of 0.2 to 1.0×10⁹t C yr^?1 emission reduction. Also addressed in the paper, but not quantified, were establishment of new forests, increasing the productivity of existing forests, or protecting forests to sequester C as an offset against CO₂ emissions from burning fossil fuels or forest destruction. Also addressed are uncertainties, gaps in scientific knowledge about ecosystems and their management, and policy considerations at the international and national levels.  相似文献   

Physiological effects of chlorpropham and 3-chloroaniline on some cyanobacteria and a green alga     

A. Maule  S.J.L. Wright 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1983,19(2):196-202

Sublethal concentrations of the herbicide chlorpropham caused marked changes in a green alga and some cyanobacteria. Herbicide-treated cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardii were enlarged, contained numerous nuclei and starch bodies, and were surrounded by multilayered envelopes. The herbicide altered the pigmentation of Tolypothrix tenuis by disturbing the relative amounts of the phycobiliproteins c-phycoerythrin and c-phycocyanin. Photosynthesis in Anacystis nidulans and C. reinhardii was inhibited by chlorpropham and the herbicide also reduced the rate of nitrogen fixation by Anabaena cylindrica. 3-Chloroaniline, a metabolite of chlorpropham, was relatively nontoxic.  相似文献   

A clinico-pathological study of bovine malignant catarrhal fever in Great Britain     

I E Selman  A Wiseman  M Murray  N G Wright 《The Veterinary record》1974,94(21):483-490

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Gastric trichuriasis in a black and white colobus monkey   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M R Loomis  J F Wright 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,189(9):1214-1215

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Efficacy of ivermectin in the oral paste formulation against naturally acquired adult and larval stages of Parascaris equorum in pony foals     

D D French  T R Klei  H W Taylor  M R Chapman  F R Wright 《American journal of veterinary research》1988,49(7):1000-1003

The efficacy of ivermectin in oral paste formulation at a dosage of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight was tested against naturally acquired larval and adult stages of Parascaris equorum, in a controlled study. Twenty infected pony foals 18 to 27 weeks of age were randomly allocated to 2 groups of 10 each and were placed in dry lots. Foals in 1 group were given ivermectin on day 0. Necropsies and parasite recoveries from small intestines and lung tissues were performed on 5 foals in each group at 2 weeks after treatment (WAT) and on the remaining foals at 5 WAT. Ivermectin was 100% effective against adult P equorum. At 2 WAT, ivermectin was 100% effective against lung larval stages and 91% effective against intestinal larvae of P equorum. Efficacy of ivermectin against all intestinal stages was 93%. Intestinal and lung larval populations were similar in ivermectin-treated and nontreated foals at 5 WAT, indicating that the foals had become reinfected from the contaminated drylots, with larvae repopulating in the tissues 2 to 5 WAT. Apparent increases in severity of lymphoproliferative and inflammatory tissue reactions were observed histologically in lung and liver tissues of treated foals. Clear differences in clinical conditions between foals in treated and nontreated groups were not observed. However, weight gains in foals were greatest after treatment.  相似文献   

Effects of butorphanol, flunixin, levorphanol, morphine, and xylazine in ponies   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

M Kalpravidh  W V Lumb  M Wright  R B Heath 《American journal of veterinary research》1984,45(2):217-223

The analgesic and behavioral effects of butorphanol (0.22 mg/kg), flunixin (2.2 mg/kg), levorphanol (0.033 mg/kg), morphine (0.66 mg/kg), and xylazine (2.2 mg/kg), given IM were observed in 8 ponies. These ponies were instrumented to measure response objectively to painful superficial and visceral stimuli. Effects on the cardiopulmonary system and rectal temperature also were evaluated in 6 of these ponies. Observations were conducted before drug injection (base-line values) and after injection at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Xylazine provided the highest pain threshold for the first 60 minutes and a sedative effect for 105 minutes. The effects for superficial pain and visceral pain persisted 3 hours and 4 hours, respectively. Morphine produced good analgesia for superficial pain (30 minutes), whereas butorphanol provided good effect for visceral pain (4 hours). A slight degree of analgesia for visceral pain was obtained after morphine (1 hour) and levorphanol (4 hours); flunixin did not induce analgesia. Butorphanol, levorphanol, and morphine stimulated motor activity. Behavioral effects did not occur after flunixin was given. Xylazine decreased systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures. Marked increases in these pressures, heart rate, and respiratory rate were observed after morphine was given. Changes of central venous pressure, rectal temperature, and blood gas values remained within base-line limits after both drugs were given. Butorphanol increased heart rates for 1 hour; flunixin and levorphanol did not alter any of the above values.  相似文献   

The probable role of Babesia argentina esterase in the in vitro activation of plasma prekallikrein     

I.G. Wright 《Veterinary parasitology》1975,1(1):91-96

The purification of an esterase from B. argentina parasites, using affinity chromatography is described. Two fractions were obtained from crude “L” and “S” parasite extracts. The second fraction from each extract obtained after desorption of the column had a greatly enhanced esterase specific activity. When added to normal plasma and incubated at 37°C for 60 min, the second L₁ fraction activated between 12.1% and 72.3% of bovine plasma prekallikrein and the second S₁ fraction, 76.3% and 87.1%. Only slight activation occurred with fraction 1 of L₁ and S₁, and none with normal red cell components. The active fractions were associated with a fibrinogen-like substance and caused fibrin formation in vitro. The implications of these findings are discussed.  相似文献   

Myocarditis in puppies.     

H Thompson  I A McCandlish  H J Cornwell  N G Wright  P Rogerson 《The Veterinary record》1979,104(5):107-108

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The degradation of the herbicide benzoylprop-ethyl following its application to wheat     

Kenneth I. Beynon  Terry R. Roberts  A. Neill Wright 《Pest management science》1974,5(4):429-442

The herbicide benzoylprop-ethyl [SUFFIX,^a ethyl (±)-2-(N-benzoyl-N-3,4-di-chloroanilino) propionate] has been applied in a radiolabelled form to spring wheat and winter wheat growing both indoors and outdoors. During the application the compound also fell onto the soil. The plants and corresponding soils were examined at harvest at 71-98 days from treatment. Conversion of the herbicide occurred in plants and soil predominantly by a hydrolytic reaction to form benzoylprop^b followed in plants by its conjugation with sugars. Small amounts of N-benzoyl-3,4-dichloroaniline and benzoic acid were also detected in plants. There was no evidence for the presence of 3,4-dichloroaniline in the crops or soils nor was there evidence for 3,4,3′,4′-tetra-chloroazobenzene which has been implicated as a degradation product of some 3,4-dichloroaniline herbicides in soils. Residues on plants were greatest in the straw and consisted mainly of benzoylprop-ethyl and benzoylprop in free and conjugated forms. There was no evidence for appreciable movement of the compound within the plant from the treated foliage. Residues were particularly low in the grain and were not detected in the crop grown outdoors (limit of detectability 0.01 mg/kg). Residues in the soils were mainly in the 0-7.5 cm layer and there was no evidence for leaching below 15 cm.  相似文献