Weed seed bank dynamics responses to long‐term chemical control in a rice–wheat cropping system     

Pinglei Gao  Zheng Zhang  Junming Shen  Yuxiang Mao  Shouhui Wei  Jiguang Wei  Ranling Zuo  Ruhai Li  Xiaoling Song  Sheng Qiang 《Pest management science》2020,76(6):1993-2003

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The mechanism of sublethal chlorantraniliprole exposure causing silkworm pupation metamorphosis defects     

Jian Chen  Zhengting Lu  Mengxue Li  Tingting Mao  Hui Wang  Fanchi Li  Haina Sun  Minli Dai  Wentao Ye  Bing Li 《Pest management science》2020,76(8):2838-2845

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Identification and transcriptional response of ATP‐binding cassette transporters to chlorantraniliprole in the rice striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis     

Xiangkun Meng  Xuemei Yang  Zhaolu Wu  Qinwen Shen  Lijun Miao  Yang Zheng  Kun Qian  Jianjun Wang 《Pest management science》2020,76(11):3626-3635

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Performance and uncertainty analysis of a short-term climate reconstruction based on multi-source data in the Tianshan Mountains region,China     

LI Xuemei 《干旱区科学》2020,12(3):374-396

Short-term climate reconstruction, i.e., the reproduction of short-term(several decades) historical climatic time series based on the relationship between observed data and available longer-term reference data in a certain area, can extend the length of climatic time series and offset the shortage of observations. This can be used to assess regional climate change over a much longer time scale. Based on monthly grid climate data from a Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5(CMIP5) dataset for the period of 1850–2000, the Climatic Research Unit(CRU) dataset for the period of 1901–2000 and the observed data from 53 meteorological stations located in the Tianshan Mountains region(TMR) of China during the period of 1961–2011, we calibrated and validated monthly average temperature(MAT) and monthly accumulated precipitation(MAP) in the TMR using the delta, physical scaling(SP) and artificial neural network(ANN) methods. Performance and uncertainty during the calibration(1971–1999) and verification(1961–1970) periods were assessed and compared using traditional performance indices and a revised set pair analysis(RSPA) method. The calibration and verification processes were subjected to various sources of uncertainty due to the influence of different reconstructed variables, different data sources, and/or different methods used. According to traditional performance indices, both the CRU and CMIP5 datasets resulted in satisfactory calibrated and verified MAT time series at 53 meteorological stations and MAP time series at 20 meteorological stations using the delta and SP methods for the period of 1961–1999. However, the results differed from those obtained by the RSPA method. This showed that the CRU dataset produced a low degree of uncertainty(positive connection degree) during the calibration and verification of MAT using the delta and SP methods compared to the CMIP5 dataset. Overall, the calibrated and verified MAP had a high degree of uncertainty(negative connection degree) regardless of the dataset or reconstruction method used. Therefore, the reconstructed time series of MAT for the period of 1850(or 1901)–1960 based on the CRU and CMIP5 datasets using the delta and SP methods could be used for further study. The results of this study will be useful for short-term(several decades) regional climate reconstruction and longer-term(100 a or more) assessments of regional climate change.  相似文献   

Effects and mechanisms of rural E-commerce clusters on households' entrepreneurship behavior in China     

Yan Mei  Danling Mao  Yuhui Lu  Wei Chu 《Growth and change》2020,51(4):1588-1610

The vigorous development of rural E-commerce reveals a powerful pattern of economic clustering. Recently, many Taobao Villages have formed in more than 80% of the provinces in rural China, and increasingly households are using E-commerce for entrepreneurial innovation in Taobao Villages. However, the effect and mechanism of the Taobao Village model on households' entrepreneurship behavior remain unclear. Using survey data and structural equation modeling, we analyzed the factors of households' entrepreneurship behavior and investigated the mechanism of rural E-commerce clustering on the households' entrepreneurship behavior in Taobao Villages. The results show that: (1) rural E-commerce clusters stimulated entrepreneurial enthusiasm and increased entrepreneurial behavior; (2) local resource endowment, entrepreneurial atmosphere and culture, threshold for entrepreneurship, and demonstrative leadership had significant positive effects on households' entrepreneurship behavior; (3) external environmental support, including government, and external business environment support had significant positive effects on E-commerce development. All these results indicate that rural E-commerce clusters promote households' entrepreneurship behavior.  相似文献   

大蒜根腐病根际土壤真菌群落结构及多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢玉清  茆军  王玮  张志东  朱静  顾美英  唐琦勇  宋素琴  黄伟  王博  张丽娟 《中国农学通报》2020,36(13):145-153

研究旨在解析根腐病发生时大蒜根际土壤真菌群落结构,明确大蒜根腐病与根际土壤真菌群落多样性变化的关系,探明根腐病发生的微生态机制,为病害的防控提供理论基础。以新疆连续3年的大蒜根腐病发病田的根际土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序方法对大蒜根际土壤总DNA的真菌ITS区序列进行大规模测序分析。结果表明,与健康对照相比,在门的水平上,子囊菌门和接合菌门真菌是大蒜根腐病根际土壤的优势真菌类群,其中高水平的子囊菌门菌群与病害发生有着密切的关系。在属的水平上,注释获得137个属,其中19个属与大蒜根腐病有较大的相关性。镰刀菌属真菌数量在病土中高于健康对照。随着连作年限的延续,根腐病的发生愈发严重,土壤中真菌群落的Shannon指数、Simpson指数、真菌属的数量逐年降低,大蒜根腐病的发生与植株根际真菌群落组成及多样性密切相关,土壤真菌类群的平衡和多样性改变是根腐病发生的一大诱因。  相似文献   

根腐病菌侵染对黄芪苯丙烷途径关键酶活性的影响     

赵雪姣  秦雪梅  王梦亮  高芬 《中国农学通报》2020,36(25):115-120

以蒙古黄芪-根腐病菌（Fusarium solani和F. acuminatum）为互作体系,测定苯丙烷途径关键酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(C4H)及4-香豆酸-辅酶A连接酶(4CL)活性的变化,以期获得黄芪抗根腐病菌侵染机制的信息,为抗病育种工作提供参考。试验采用幼苗浸根法接种病菌,分光光度法测定3种酶的动态变化。结果表明,F. solani侵染黄芪后,PAL和C4H活性与对照相比明显升高,并在7、21天出现2个酶活高峰;4CL活性则随着时间的延长持续上升,7、21天时也显著高于对照。F. acuminatum侵染黄芪后,PAL、C4H和4CL的活性均在21天显著高于对照。可见2种病原菌在侵染黄芪过程中,苯丙烷途径的关键酶被不同程度地激活,但2种病菌激活各酶的时间和规律有所差异,表明黄芪对这2种病菌的抗性机制明显不同。  相似文献   

HPLC法同时测定茶叶中儿茶素类和咖啡因的含量     

杨金川  白雪梅 《贵州农业科学》2020,48(2):99-102

为茶叶产品的等级评价和质量控制提供科学依据,采用高效液相色谱发同时测定市售与种茶叶中没食子酸(GA)、表儿茶素(EC)、儿茶素(+C)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(GCG)、没食子儿茶素(GC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)和表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)以及咖啡因(CAF)含量。结果表明:在Agilent C18色谱柱(4. 6 mm×250 mm,5μm),乙腈、甲醇、0. 5%乙酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,UV检测波长为275 nm条件下检测,各目标物(GA、GC、EGC、+C、CAF、EGCG、EC、GCG和ECG)的重复性RSD为0. 41%～2. 12%;样品加标平均回收率为94. 68%～104. 40%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0. 89%～5. 78%。该方法简单、快速、准确、重现性好,茶叶中各目标物均能得到较好的分离,可用于儿茶素类和咖啡因的定量检测。市售5种茶叶中咖啡因的含量均最高,为36. 15～87. 26 mg/kg,绿茶中的儿茶素类物质明显比红茶丰富。  相似文献   

苹果砧木对嫁接品种影响的研究进展     

杜学梅  杨廷桢  高敬东  王骞  蔡华成  李春燕 《西北农业学报》2020,30(4):487-495

为正确选择和利用苹果砧木,促进苹果经济栽培获得成功,从砧木和接穗的亲和力研究、砧木对接穗生理效应的影响、砧木对树体生长结果的影响3个方面综述了苹果砧木对嫁接品种影响的研究现状。砧木和接穗嫁接亲和性的研究多集中在嫁接后接口愈合情况、愈合时间以及嫁接体成活生长情况等方面,目前从形态学和解剖学方面研究的更为深入,在基因、转录和蛋白组学水平上也有涉猎,但还不够深入。砧木通过影响嫁接品种超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、生长素氧化酶等酶的活性,从而影响其一系列生理活动,影响内源激素的代谢水平,矿质元素的吸收和运输,以及嫁接品种光合能力等,进而影响嫁接品种的生长发育。目前对这种影响机制还不十分明确,今后应加强此方面的研究,尤其是不同砧木对嫁接品种生理生化物质的产生、状态、运转及降解规律影响等方面的研究,同时还应加强砧穗互作效应的研究,以帮助选择不同生态区的适宜砧穗组合,促进苹果产业健康发展。  相似文献   

基质栽培黄瓜叶片水分状况、光合与荧光参数对不同灌水下限的响应     

金宁  吕剑  郁继华  金莉  张国斌  肖雪梅  胡琳莉 《浙江农业学报》2020,32(12):2162

为探明基质栽培黄瓜适宜的灌水下限,实现农艺节水,以黄瓜品种博特209为试材,采用基质盆栽,共设置4个灌水下限处理,即田间持水量的50%、60%、70%、80%,用A、B、C、D表示,灌水上限统一设定为田间持水量的90%,采用TDR350水分速测仪控制基质的水分含量,研究不同灌水下限对基质栽培黄瓜叶片水分状况、光合日变化及荧光参数的影响。结果表明:随着灌水下限的提高,叶片的相对含水量、自由水含量及自由水/束缚水的比值呈逐渐上升的趋势,水分饱和亏、叶片细胞汁液浓度及束缚水含量则呈下降趋势,处理C、D的相对含水量、自由水含量均显著(P<0.05)高于处理A、B,处理A细胞汁液浓度显著高于处理C、D,处理A、B束缚水含量显著(P<0.05)高于处理C、D。叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a+b的含量均随灌水下限的升高呈现为先上升后下降的趋势,而类胡萝卜素含量则表现为先下降后上升的趋势,处理C叶绿素a、叶绿素a+b含量显著(P<0.05)高于处理A、B;处理C、D黄瓜叶片的胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_i)的变化趋势基本呈“V”型,而处理A、B的Ci的变化趋势基本呈“W”型;处理A、B、C、D的蒸腾速率(T_r)日变化均呈先上升后下降的趋势,处理B、C、D的Tr在14:00后呈现逐渐下降的趋势,而处理A在12:00后就呈快速下降的趋势;处理B、C、D的气孔导度(G_s)日变化大致呈“M”型的双峰曲线,处理A则呈单峰曲线;处理A、B、C、D叶片净光合速率(P_n)与G_s日变化趋势基本一致,在整个日变化过程中,处理C、D的P_n始终高于处理A、B。F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ、qP随灌水下限的提高呈逐渐上升的趋势,而NPQ呈逐渐下降的趋势。研究结果表明,灌水下限为田间持水量的70%~80%,基质栽培黄瓜叶片的水分状况良好、光合色素含量高、净光合速率大,有利于黄瓜的光合作用,促进黄瓜的生长发育。  相似文献